精準營養(yǎng)勢在必行
上述的策略都有相應的一些理論和實驗的支持,但是,這些策略的成功實施都離不開“精準”二字,因為如果我們對于個人的身體狀況、腸道菌群組成、飲食習慣等沒有全面的了解,上述這些策略的實施將是舉步維艱?。?!因此,要想通過SCFAs來干預機體的代謝問題,那么就需要圍繞下述幾個方向來展開:
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定義“健康腸道菌群”:腸道體外模擬模型篩選 “健康腸道菌群”,其標準為:菌群的生境內(nèi)多樣性高、雙岐桿菌數(shù)量豐富、BPB數(shù)量豐富,丁酸產(chǎn)量高;目前關(guān)于“健康菌群”的定義以及與代謝疾病相關(guān)的菌群失調(diào)特征仍然存在一定爭議,這也增加了設(shè)計個性化的干預方案來對抗代謝性疾病的難度。
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根據(jù)腸道菌群來補充膳食纖維:詳細分析腸道菌群的構(gòu)成,補充適當?shù)纳攀忱w維(如增加“益生元”的攝入或高產(chǎn)丁酸的抗性淀粉等),增加SCFAs的產(chǎn)量;
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糞菌移植:將體外篩選擴增的BPB通過糞菌移植(fecal microbiota transplantation,F(xiàn)MT)的方式移植到菌群失調(diào)的患者中,增加丁酸鹽的產(chǎn)量。目前來說,F(xiàn)MT短期是相對安全的,但研究遠期安全性的數(shù)據(jù)極為缺乏。
小科普 >>>
糞菌移植[16]為一種重塑腸道菌群的方法,是治療腸道菌群紊亂導致疾病的重要手段,簡單來說就是將健康人腸道中的益生菌群,移植到患者胃腸道內(nèi),重建新的腸道菌群微生態(tài)平衡,實現(xiàn)腸道及腸道外疾病的治療。
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帶著益生菌“一起玩兒”的腸道才會更健康!
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腸道菌群通過“腸-腦”信號傳遞影響宿主的行為或情緒!
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短鏈脂肪酸是腸道菌的“秘密武器”, 丁酸、乙酸和丙酸均參與能量代謝的調(diào)控,其中丁酸及丁酸鹽在抑制肥胖和拮抗腫瘤中的活性最為明確!無論是作為一種獨立的治療手段,還是作為干預措施的一部分,調(diào)節(jié)腸道菌群或短鏈脂肪酸構(gòu)成在治療肥胖及相關(guān)疾病上都具有很大的潛力。
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可溶性膳食纖維、益生菌、益生元都可以作為增加腸道菌威力的“秘密武器”,不僅能改善腸道菌群組成,更可以促進大量內(nèi)源性短鏈脂肪酸的形成,參與體內(nèi)能量代謝!
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“精準營養(yǎng)干預”需要在干預前對腸道菌群進行描述并考慮患者的特征(臨床背景和生活方式)后進行!
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