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溫馨提示 今天給大家?guī)淼膬?nèi)容是 今天第一回 【空氣新月征】 歡迎大家批評(píng)指正！ 歡迎添加小編微信。 說到空氣新月征，大家想到第一診斷肯定是肺曲霉菌病 The typical computed tomography (CT) aspect of an aspergilloma is a mass separated from the wall of the cavity by an airspace of variable size and shape, resulting in the air crescent sign, also known as the meniscus sign. 曲霉菌病的典型CT表現(xiàn)是由不同大小和形狀的空腔使腔壁與腫塊分開，形成空氣新月征，也稱為彎月征。
這種CT特征是非特異性的，并且可以由其他疾病引起。 其鑒別診斷包括： 肺曲霉菌病、包蟲囊腫破裂、Rasmussen動(dòng)脈瘤、肺癌、肺轉(zhuǎn)移、畸胎瘤肺曲霉菌病Aspergilloma. A 62-year-old woman with a previous history of tuberculosis. 曲菌球。62歲男性，結(jié)核病史。 Axial CT image obtained with mediastinal window settings show a thick-walled cavity containing an ovoid mass in the left upper lobe of the lung. 橫斷面CT縱隔窗顯示左肺上葉一厚壁空洞，內(nèi)含卵圓形腫塊。 An image obtained with the patient in the prone position demonstrates the change in the aspergilloma location. 俯臥位圖像顯示曲菌球位置改變。 包蟲囊腫破裂Ruptured hydatid cyst.A 30-year-old man with cough and dyspnea. 包蟲囊腫破裂。30歲男性咳嗽、呼吸困難。 Coronal (a) and sagittal (b) CT images obtained with pulmonary window settings show a large cavitated lesion in the left upper lobe containing multiple curvilinear hyperattenuating membranes in the dependent part, representing the detached, crumpled endocyst。 冠狀窗（A）和矢狀面（B）CT肺窗圖像顯示左肺上葉一巨大的空洞狀病灶，下部見曲線狀高密度隔膜，內(nèi)囊分離、皺縮。 Rasmussen動(dòng)脈瘤Rasmussen動(dòng)脈瘤。40歲男性，咳嗽、發(fā)燒和體重減輕3個(gè)月。突然咯血。 Axial CT images obtained with lung window settings in the supine (a) and prone (b) positions show a nodule with no mobility inside a cavity, and air interposed between the nodule and the cavity wall (the air crescent sign), located in the left lower lobe. 仰臥位（A）和俯臥位（B）橫斷面CT肺窗顯示左肺下葉一空腔病灶，內(nèi)部結(jié)節(jié)不移動(dòng)，氣體將結(jié)節(jié)和腔壁分離（空氣半月征）。 An axial contrast-enhanced CT image shows intense enhancement of the intracavitary nodule. Note also small nodules in both lungs, and a lingular cavitated consolidation 橫斷面增強(qiáng)CT圖像顯示腔內(nèi)結(jié)節(jié)顯著強(qiáng)化。需注意雙肺內(nèi)小結(jié)節(jié)和條狀腔隙實(shí)變。 肺癌Lung cancer. A 74-year-old man with a history of pulmonary TB 50 years previously. 肺癌。 74歲男性，50年前患肺結(jié)核病史。 An axial CT image (a) shows two bullae in the right lower lobe, with a small nodule inside the smaller bulla (arrow). 橫斷面CT圖像顯示右肺下葉兩個(gè)肺大皰，內(nèi)見小結(jié)節(jié)（箭頭）。 A follow-up image obtained 2 years later (b) demonstrates a mass with spiculated borders in the posterior aspect of the largest bulla, corresponding to the growth of the small nodule seen previously inside the smaller bulla. 2年后隨訪圖像顯示于大肺大皰后部見實(shí)性腫塊，邊緣毛刺，小肥大皰內(nèi)小結(jié)節(jié)增大所致。 Also note the parenchymal interstitial thickening, suggestive of carcinomatous lymphangitis, and bilateral pleural effusion. 需注意肺實(shí)質(zhì)間質(zhì)增厚，提示癌性淋巴管炎；雙側(cè)胸腔積液。 肺轉(zhuǎn)移肺轉(zhuǎn)移。 37歲女性，子宮轉(zhuǎn)移。 Axial CT images obtained with lung window settings (a, b) show several cavitated nodules, some with intracavitary nodules (arrows), in both lungs 橫斷面CT圖像肺窗顯示兩肺部多發(fā)空腔結(jié)節(jié)，部分見腔內(nèi)結(jié)節(jié)（箭頭） 肺畸胎瘤Teratoma. A 22-year-old woman presented with a history of 畸胎瘤。 22歲女性，有咳嗽和咯血病史。 Axial chest CT images obtained with the lung(a) and mediastinal (b) window settings reveal a thick-walled cavity in the left upper lobe, adjacent to the mediastinum, with an intracavitary mass (asterisk) and the air crescent sign. 橫斷面胸部CT肺窗（a）和縱隔窗（b）顯示在左肺上葉鄰近縱隔見厚壁空腔，腔內(nèi)見腫塊和空氣新月征。 Note that the solid content presents focal areas of fat density (arrows in b) 需注意實(shí)性成分局部呈現(xiàn)脂肪密度（b中的箭頭） |
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