項(xiàng)目概況：
建筑設(shè)計(jì)：Philippe Gazeau
地址：法國，巴黎（149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France）
面積：60000.0 平方米
時(shí)間：2013
照片版權(quán)：Philippe Ruault

項(xiàng)目簡介：
來自建筑師的介紹。該建筑容納404張病床，其中包括兒科重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室的120個(gè)床位和一般看護(hù)室。其功能的主要分布依據(jù)為樓層、共享設(shè)備以及醫(yī)生。盡管存在銜接上面的困難，一個(gè)緊湊的急癥平臺(tái)：位于二層，兒科急癥室（每年70 000例急診）將位于醫(yī)學(xué)成像室的旁邊，與臨近康復(fù)室的多發(fā)事故接待室相連接，和旁邊14間小兒外科手術(shù)室鏈接。醫(yī)療和技術(shù)平臺(tái)包括兒科成像、手術(shù)室、監(jiān)控室和導(dǎo)管實(shí)驗(yàn)室，共計(jì)20間病房。為了注重效率和資源，實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的優(yōu)化，這些空間由各學(xué)科之間共享。中間護(hù)理和重癥監(jiān)護(hù)的結(jié)合：在一樓，重癥監(jiān)護(hù)病房安排在手術(shù)中間護(hù)理病床旁邊，共有67張病床，可直接經(jīng)垂直通道連接手術(shù)室，毗鄰急癥室的護(hù)理室。

項(xiàng)目地塊
規(guī)劃建設(shè)新拉埃內(nèi)克大樓的地塊位于內(nèi)克爾兒童醫(yī)院的基地范圍內(nèi)。內(nèi)克爾兒科醫(yī)院的景觀令人驚嘆，這種令人驚奇的景觀設(shè)計(jì)是通過它的多樣性：其中包括尺度，線腳元素，顏色和建筑物的材料，按照一定的規(guī)律并排放置，并沒有試圖建立統(tǒng)一或集成在現(xiàn)有的建筑和城市環(huán)境的規(guī)劃方案中。各種與相鄰結(jié)構(gòu)和環(huán)境之間存在的關(guān)系被忽略。因?yàn)樵?926年內(nèi)克爾和兒童組織Malades兩家醫(yī)院成立時(shí) ，該項(xiàng)目并沒有發(fā)展和擴(kuò)大，也沒有做長遠(yuǎn)合理的規(guī)劃。

大都會(huì)的機(jī)會(huì)
當(dāng)城郊的景觀正在高速變化的時(shí)候，類似巴黎的主要城市中心似乎已經(jīng)耗盡或放棄他們?nèi)?chuàng)造和更新的潛力。把建筑當(dāng)成在現(xiàn)實(shí)都市里的一個(gè)生活環(huán)境，并提供無限變化來對(duì)抗鄉(xiāng)愁給現(xiàn)代城市帶來的恐懼感。為了扭轉(zhuǎn)這一趨勢(shì)，必須抓住探索和翻新城市改造的所有機(jī)會(huì)，特別是那些涉及在城市中心的主要公共建設(shè)用地，保留和發(fā)展他們的活動(dòng)，同時(shí)繼續(xù)在鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)層面上進(jìn)行建設(shè)。

重建地塊
內(nèi)克爾醫(yī)院處在一個(gè)完全封閉的地塊里面。在這種情況下，城市空間處理應(yīng)該致力于觸發(fā)一個(gè)廣闊的空間和必要的劇變，以補(bǔ)救這種缺陷，使醫(yī)院對(duì)城市更加開放，從根本上改變場地以允許深入翻新。首先由醫(yī)療項(xiàng)目的限制因素可以有效地指導(dǎo)和支持新樓在Duroc選址，然后研究側(cè)重于利用所有拆除的建筑所提供的可能性，并決定將建筑放在該地塊的中心。

這種層級(jí)化的方式通過處理各種體積的實(shí)體重新定義塞弗爾路（Rue de Sèvres）的醫(yī)院的形象。向外部開放使其在交通節(jié)點(diǎn)獲得強(qiáng)烈的沖擊感，使醫(yī)院的形象能夠從公共空間立即顯現(xiàn)出來。直到目前，該項(xiàng)目還在進(jìn)行長期的高度構(gòu)建。這反映了建筑層面上對(duì)于巴黎這個(gè)慢慢腐朽的被責(zé)難的大城市的現(xiàn)實(shí)和人們的反應(yīng)。這也是一個(gè)值得協(xié)商和平衡的項(xiàng)目，只要拆除一些破敗建筑物，遠(yuǎn)比去復(fù)原整個(gè)建筑更有效，同時(shí)展示整個(gè)歷史區(qū)域最有趣的部分。最后，該項(xiàng)目在非常中心的地區(qū)提供了一公頃優(yōu)美的自然公園。

項(xiàng)目其它信息：
Commissioned Architect: Philippe Gazeau
Project Director: Jacques Forte?
Work Director: Michel Delamotte
Landscape Designer: Pascal Cribier & Phytoconseil
Engineering: Jacobs France
Economist: LTA
Opc: Cicad-ce?roc
Programmiste: Apor
Cost: EUR 138 000 000 excl. VAT / EUR

（本文貢獻(xiàn)方：archdaily，iarch；組織：樹狀模式）

From the architect. The La?nnec building has a capacity of 404 beds including 120 for intensive care and intermediate care in all paediatric disciplines. The main medical functions are grouped by complete levels and share the same equipment and doctors. Despite the contextual difficulties, a compact emergency platform: On the upper ground floor, paediatric emergencies (70 000 emergencies per year) will be located beside the imaging department, contiguous with the reception of polytraumatised patients, which is next to the recovery room, alongside the 14 operating theatres in the main paediatric surgery block. The medical and technical platform includes paediatric imaging, operating theatres, post-surgery monitoring rooms and the catheterisation laboratory, making a total of 20 procedure rooms. It is shared between the various disciplines, with a permanent focus on efficiency and optimisation of resources. Combined intermediate care and intensive care: On the 1st floor, the surgical intermediate care beds are grouped next to the intensive care beds, forming a homogeneous unit of 67 beds with direct vertical link to the operating theatres and the medical intermediate care beds adjacent to emergencies.

Asphyxiated site. The land planned for construction of the new La?nnec building is located on the Necker hospital for sick children site. The landscape of the Necker hospital for sick children is striking through its diversity: of scales, modenatures, colours and materials of the buildings, placed side by side with no attempt to create unity or integrate in the existing architectural and urban environment. The various types of relation with neighbouring constructions and plots are ignored. The hospital developed and expanded with no long-term logic, no global plan since the merger of the two hospitals, Necker and Enfants Malades, in 1926.

Metropolitan opportunity. While the built-up landscape on the outskirts of towns changes at high speed, the major urban centres like Paris seem to have exhausted or abandoned their potential to innovative and renew. The desire to install architecture in a metropolitan reality considered as a living environment offering unlimited changes comes up against the fear of imagining the contemporary city without nostalgia. To reverse this trend, all opportunities for renovation and urban transformation must be grasped and explored, especially those concerning the major institutional sites in town centres, to retain and develop their activities while continuing to build the town on the town.

Restructured site. Necker hospital is stifled inside an enclave completely closed in on itself. In this case, the urban operation consists in triggering a vast and necessary upheaval to remedy this lack of relation and open the hospital onto the city more widely, while radically metamorphosing the site to allow in-depth renovation. After first demonstrating that the vital proximity constraints required by the medical project could usefully direct and support the choice of a more urban position for the new building on the Duroc junction, studies then focused on exploiting the potentials offered by demolishing all the building cluttering up and stifling the centre of the plot. Releasing a vast exterior space in the centre of the island, made feasible by locating the new project on the junction, creates three parallel assemblies, two strips built each side of a large central garden. This radical new urban scheme improves the overall vision by deliberately integrating the architecture of the old buildings kept, stressing the importance paid to the exterior spaces, and gives the central garden a key role in the site remodelling. Locating the project at the corner of rue de Sèvres and boulevard Montparnasse offers the new hospital maximum legibility over the district.

The hierarchised treatment of the various volumetric entities redefines the image of the hospital on rue de Sèvres. The opening to the exterior makes a strong impact at the junction, giving an immediate and obvious picture of the hospital from the public space. The project is also highly structuring in the long term, open to future development not based, as has been the case until now, on piecemeal availability of land opportunities. This demonstrates the ability of a pragmatic and reactive architectural vision to regenerate a large condemned institutional urban site, progressively decaying, in the heart of Paris. It is also a negotiated and balanced project insofar as the demolition of some run-down and unsuitable buildings, is more than compensated by the rehabilitation and show-casing of the most interesting historical heritage within the new site plan. Finally, this project saves ground space by offering, in the very heart of the site and the district, a landscaped park of almost one hectare in natural ground, after having built twice as much surface area as was demolished.