一、聽力

1. 瀏覽題目

2.

勾劃題重點(diǎn)，關(guān)鍵詞

特別是一般疑問句的答語（是am,is,are,do,does,did,have,has,情態(tài)動詞等，一般疑問句用什么提問就用什么回答。）

還有記住：Could you please do sth.?表示委婉請求，回答要用：Yes,of course./ Yes,with pleasure./ Yes,no problem/ Yes,I''m glad to. yes,certainly./ sure. / Ok / No,I can''t. / Sorry,but..

表示征求對方意見：what/how about...？

Why not do sth.?/why don’t you do sth?

Let’s do sth!

Shall we do sth?

We should do sth.

You’d better (not)do sth.

It’s a good idea to do sth.

答語：OK./ Good idea./ All right!/ That sounds good./ sorry, I’m afraid not./ Of course not./

I’d love to, but…

常用特殊疑問句及回答(見下表)

3. 做好筆記，學(xué)會記下關(guān)鍵詞，比如時間，數(shù)字，年份等，因?yàn)楹芏鄷r候關(guān)于數(shù)字需要進(jìn)行計(jì)算，而不是簡單的答案

4. 聽短文時，特別注意題目的關(guān)鍵詞，以及選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞，帶著問題有目的地聽短文，沒聽到的及時看下一題，等下一遍的時候再做之前沒做的。

常用的特殊疑問句

二、單選

1. 解題技巧

1）閱讀審題

首先默讀試題中的英語句子，了解空格在句中所處的位置，句子缺少什么成分，初步確定答案的選擇范圍，然后再結(jié)合備選選項(xiàng)就會大致明白考查什么。

2）觀察分析

這是一個快速而又嚴(yán)密的思維過程。要求將題中所提供的條件和備選項(xiàng)的情況結(jié)合起來去分析、推理，排除那些明顯不符合題意，甚至本身就有錯的備選項(xiàng)，再在剩下的備選項(xiàng)中比較分析。

3）選擇判斷

在分析句子和備選項(xiàng)的基礎(chǔ)上，經(jīng)過反復(fù)驗(yàn)證，選出一個使句子語法正確、句意通順、符合邏輯的答案。

4）復(fù)查驗(yàn)證

將所選答案放在句中空格處再默讀全句。首先看是否通順，再在語法、意思和邏輯關(guān)系上推敲一下，完全符合條件則可放心。

2. 方法清單

1）直接判定法

直接判定法就是運(yùn)用所學(xué)的英語知識，結(jié)合題目所提供的信息，從備選項(xiàng)中直接選出正確答案。

There is _______wrong with my back and it hurts seriously.

A. anything B. something C. nothing

2）排除法

如果通讀完題干，弄清題意后，感到四個備選項(xiàng)似是而非，舉棋不定，這時不妨采取“逐個排除”的方法。將所給四個選項(xiàng)一一放到空白處去，經(jīng)過分析，將所有的干擾項(xiàng)篩選掉，剩下的一個選項(xiàng)即為正確答案。

He does his homework much____than he did two years ago.

A. careful B. more careful C. carefully D. more carefully

3）前后照應(yīng)法

前后照應(yīng)法實(shí)際上是借助語境來解題的一種方法。此法要求答題前首先要弄清題干的意思，然后根據(jù)上下文之間的關(guān)系，捕捉暗示的信息，從而得出正確的答案。

We have to finish the work now, ________?

A. don’t we B. haven’t we C. have we D. do we

4）邏輯推理法

有些題目的選項(xiàng)，從語法上看答案可能不止一個，甚至全部都可入選，但是有的句意不符合邏輯，通過邏輯推理才能將其排除。

----can you play the guitar?

----sorry. _____ I can sing English songs.

A. And B. But C. Or D. For

5）比較法

運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語法和詞匯知識，仔細(xì)分析比較四個選項(xiàng)，對其進(jìn)行時態(tài)，語態(tài)，語氣，非謂語形式及同義詞比較，最后選出正確答案。此法多用于解答那些較難的選擇填空題。

-----Have you ever climbed Mout Tai,Carol?

-----Yes, I____in Taian for a week last year and reached the top of it twice.

A. had stayed B. stay C. stayed D. have stayed

6）固定結(jié)構(gòu)判斷法

考查固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法

----you aren’t a student, are you?

---No, I________.

A. am B. am not C. was D. wasn’t

7）推算法

有的選擇填空題涉及簡單的數(shù)學(xué)知識，所給的四個答案從語法上看都是對的，要選出這種題的正確答案需要進(jìn)行推算。

Tom is seventeen. Jack is three older than Tom and two years younger than Todd. Todd is ___.

A. eighteen B. nineteen C. twenty-two D. sixteen

8）常識法

It was very ______when I spent my Christmas holiday in Sydney.

A. cold B. hot C. cool D. warm

9）關(guān)鍵詞法

He hardly hurt himself in the accident,___?

A. doesn’t he B. didn’t he C. did he D. does he

10）情景交際法

--Do you mind if I turn on the TV?

---____. My father is sleeping.

A. Better not. B. Not at all. C. No, I don’t mind. D. That’s all right.

三、完形填空

完形填空解題步驟

1.快速通讀全文，掌握短文大意。

快速掌握文中的時間、地點(diǎn)、人物及事件。認(rèn)真閱讀短文開頭的第一、二句，及每段的第一句，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)初步弄清短文寫了些什么內(nèi)容。準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測和推斷短文的主要意義。

2.抓住結(jié)構(gòu)、語意及邏輯三條線索，推斷和預(yù)測選項(xiàng)。

利用上下文的提示，用學(xué)過的知識和已有的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，掃清部分詞匯理解上的障礙。

在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容對空缺句子作合乎邏輯的推理。必須弄清空缺詞句的確切含義，空缺詞句與其前后句的意義銜接必須自然、合理，不可出現(xiàn)意義斷層或說東道西的情況，必須從空缺句的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)入手，從語法、詞語固定搭配、詞形變化等角度考慮，務(wù)必使所填的單詞準(zhǔn)確無誤。

根據(jù)詞的意義和用法進(jìn)行選擇，重復(fù)考慮語境。上下文找線索，上下文找提示。完形填空的文章都是一個意義相關(guān)聯(lián)的語篇，它圍繞一個話題論述，在行文中詞語重復(fù)、替代等現(xiàn)象是不可避免的。根據(jù)這個原則，某個空格所對應(yīng)的答案很可能就在上下文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞。所以，可以根據(jù)這些詞之間的有機(jī)聯(lián)系確定答案。

3.要特別注意語法，如單詞的各種形式的變化，種類句型的結(jié)構(gòu)等。

單詞的變化：

a。名詞的選擇，應(yīng)聯(lián)系文章主題及空格前后出現(xiàn)的有關(guān)詞，注意其性和數(shù)的一致，以及名詞所有格。

b。動詞的選用，要注意詞義和慣用搭配，或時態(tài)、語態(tài)以及非謂語動詞形式等，還要區(qū)分近義詞之間的用法差異及所給詞的形式。

c。選擇介詞，應(yīng)注意其慣用法，特別是與動詞或其他詞組成的固定搭配。

d。選擇代詞，要注意性、數(shù)是否準(zhǔn)確。

e。選擇連詞，要注意分析前后句或上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。也可從連詞的一些慣用法或固定搭配等入手，如not...until、as...as、not so..as或用because不用so,用but不用though等。

f。選擇形容詞和副詞，則須根據(jù)其所在句中的作用以及他前面的修飾語等來確定是什么詞性，是應(yīng)用比較級還是最高級，要注意詞義的區(qū)別，還要注意詞形變化。

G.若考查冠詞，則須依據(jù)短文空白后單詞的第一個音素來確定是用a/an,根據(jù)空格后名詞是表示特指還是泛指來確定用不定冠詞a/an還是定冠詞the,或根據(jù)冠詞的習(xí)慣用法來確定。

要注意句法題，搞清句子的種類、類型、省略和倒裝

a。句子的種類包括陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。一般以考查疑問句、感嘆句的詞序?yàn)槎嘁?，其次是祈使句的零時態(tài)等。

b。句子的類型有簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句和并列復(fù)合句。中考考查要點(diǎn)是在復(fù)合句里的狀語從句、賓語從句和直接/間接引語，也考查簡單的定語從句。

另外還要注意固定詞組、習(xí)慣用語、固定句型的積累、同義詞的辨析、生活常識的運(yùn)用以及中西方文化的差異。

在選擇答案時，可以用擇優(yōu)法和排除法和例舉對比法。

a。擇優(yōu)法是把各選項(xiàng)代入短文中，選出在詞義上符合要求，且在語法上又沒有語病的答案。

b。排除法是在代入選項(xiàng)時如發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)單詞意義不對，或詞與詞搭配不妥，或存在語法錯誤，或與上下文有矛盾，則迅速排除不合適的選項(xiàng)，剩下的就是正確答案。

在完形填空的多項(xiàng)選擇中，常常會遇到難以選擇的題目。需要調(diào)動頭腦里的知識“儲備”，例舉熟知的語言現(xiàn)象與之相比較，再做出明智的選擇。

反復(fù)推敲，攻克難關(guān)。如果做不出來的話，可能要改變一下思路。如實(shí)詞多與文章的內(nèi)容直接相關(guān)，虛詞多與文章的連貫性或句子結(jié)構(gòu)直接相關(guān)，如果從內(nèi)容上實(shí)在看不出要填哪個單詞的話，應(yīng)考慮是否需要填介詞、連詞等。

4.選項(xiàng)填完后，通讀全文，仔細(xì)檢查。

驗(yàn)證答案，修正錯誤，著重注意這幾點(diǎn)：

（1）文章是否順暢；

（2）所填單詞是否是最佳單詞；

（3）所填單詞搭配是否有誤。

解題技巧

【技巧1】前后照應(yīng)

利用上下文信息，選擇或填寫正確的詞是完型填空解題時最常用的方法之一。

在做四選一的完型填空時，我們有時會發(fā)現(xiàn)每一個選項(xiàng)從語法角度來講都可以說得通，遇到這種情況，我們應(yīng)細(xì)讀上下文，正確答案會在上下文中得到提示。試看以下例題：

【例1】What do I remember about my childhood? There were good things and bad things. We used to live______ , and my parents always got up early in the morning to feed the cows and sheep.

A. in a town B. on a farm C. on a busy street D. in a city

【例2】I always remember waking up to the smell of the breakfast my mother was cooking. What a wonderful smell! I used to _______ ,wash quickly and run downstairs. My breakfast would be waiting for me on the table.

A. leave the bed B.lie in bed C. jump out of bed D. get up

【技巧2】情感態(tài)度：較難題

其中形容詞，副詞中分為三種情感：

(1) 正情感：happy ，amazing等

(2)零情感：fast ，slow ，surprising等

(3) 負(fù)情感：sad ，disappointed等

【例】Among them, a weak boy with ugly teeth and thick glasses kept shaking. I had seen him around, and I knew he was always laughed at. He seemed unsure of himself, and was so pale that it ____ us to look at him.

A. Worried B. surprised C. taught D. hurt

【技巧3】固定搭配

【例1】On the train, Tom was looking __1__ for his ticket because the conductor was coming __2__ to his ticket.

1.A. out B. forward C. anywhere D. everywhere

2.A. down B. up C. in D. on

[例2 ] Whenever I’m ____, I still look back at that yearbook.

A. away B. out C. behind D. down

【技巧4】詞義辨析

在選項(xiàng)中設(shè)置四個詞性一致、意義相近的詞是完型填空命題時常用的手段之一。

在做此類題目時，必須要在特定的語境中選擇最佳，或者也可以推敲一些固定的詞組搭配來進(jìn)行選項(xiàng)。

在做首字母完型填空時，尤其應(yīng)注意空格所缺單詞的詞性及詞組搭配。

【例】A Japanese manager once said he himself and his workers would all stand while they were having meetings. Do you _________what he means?

A. think B. guess C. know D. understand

【技巧5】中心主旨

文章中最后一句通常為積極的態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)。

【例1】I had wanted to become president of Student Council to make a difference. I achieved that and more by working as a member of Jeff’s team. He became the most popular candidate and I was a large part of his_____ . The fact that it has made a difference in other people’s lives is the real prize. What a great feeling!

A. luck B. spirit C. life D. success

【例2】I honor my aunt, who taught me the things my ____ couldn’t. So every June for the past 40 years, in growing thankfulness to my Aunt Marion, I’ve sent her a Father’s Day card.

A. teachers B. mother C. father D. friends

【技巧6】簡單邏輯

分為因果，并列，轉(zhuǎn)折，否定。

【例1】For more than sixty years, Aunt Marion didn’t and still don’t think of herself. ___ she is forced to come up to the front, my aunt will stand in the back in family photos, and she doesn’t think that her efforts have made much…

A. Unless B. Although C. Since D. Before

【技巧7】情景還原

【例】The most amazing thing was that she taught me to read my_____ . I remember that I spent hours in front of the mirror and tried to repeat every word that I said.

A. eye B. face C. heart D. mouth

解題思路

1.跳過空格，通讀全文，把握大意

2.結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，綜合考慮，初定答案

3.瞻前顧后，先易后難，各個擊破

4.復(fù)讀全文，逐空驗(yàn)證，彌補(bǔ)疏漏

四、閱讀理解

一、閱讀理解考查題型

1.考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)：

2.猜測生詞含義：

3.推理判斷：

4.歸納主旨大意：

5.推測作者的態(tài)度、意圖和目的：

（一）事實(shí)性細(xì)節(jié)題

對時間、地點(diǎn)、特征、方式、數(shù)字等的尋找

對原因、結(jié)果、事實(shí)的正確理解

常用提問方式：

1. According to the passage, who (what, why, where, when，how many/much, how long)….?

2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is (not) true?

通常是特殊疑問句或判斷句子正誤

1.He / she should have an interest in making pizza. More importantly, he/ she should have work experience in a restaurant.

The ad tells us that____

A. The assistant must be a man.

B. The assistant must have once worked in a restaurant.

C. Pucci pizza has branches all over China.

事實(shí)理解題解題技巧：

事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題一般在:

1文中有原句；

2找相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行比對;

3找近義詞或同義句;

4進(jìn)行簡單數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算;

在讀文章時把這些信息劃下來

（二） 猜測詞義

詞匯題是詢問文章中出現(xiàn)的某個詞、詞組或

句子含義的題型。

常見的提問方式有：

1) The word ….. refers to _____

2) The underlined ….. probably means ____________

1、根據(jù)定義、釋義

常用的：be, be called, mean，that is(to say)，in other words，call, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify等詞匯或破折號或定語從句等來表示。

Well, I’ve relearned it. I hope I have time left to enjoy the successes of others and to take pleasure in the day. That’s the heart of the watermelon.

“the heart of the watermelon” refers to__.

A. the best part of the watermelon.

B. the writer’s busy life

C. the writer’s decision of making money.

D. the writer’s hope of enjoying life.

2、根據(jù)上下文情景和邏輯進(jìn)行判斷

As they go around town, they help people. When they find lost children, they take the children home. If they see a fight, they put an end to it right away.

They know all the streets and roads well.

Often people ask them how to get to a place in town.

In the text, “put an end to” means __

A. stop B. cut C. kill D. Fly

3、根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞來猜測

表示因果關(guān)系的：because, as, since, for, so, as a result…

表示同義關(guān)系的：and, like, just as…the same as….

表示反義關(guān)系的：but, however, though, although, yet, instead (of)

There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand.

What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese? _____

A. 自來水 B. 大氣 C. 冰川 D. 蒸汽

1.I could see nothing because the light was so (faint.)

2.Tom is very rude, but his brother is quite (polite.)

3. She is beautiful, and her daughter is as (pretty )as her.

演練1

A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful.

It gives us some interesting phrases .

One is “to let the cat out of the bag.” It is the same as “to tell a secret”

Now when someone lets out a secret, he “l(fā)ets the cat out of the bag.”

Q:John lets the cat out of the bag” means he

A. makes everyone know a secret.

B. the woman bout a cat.

C. buys a cat in the bag.

D. sells the cat in the bag.`

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練2

If you want to be a musician, you usually have to move to an area that has a lot of jobs, such as New York City. The cost of living in these areas is usually very high. The third disadvantage is that you can’t have a stable family life. Different jobs will take a musician to different places, so most musicians are unable to have a regular family.

What does the underlined word “stable” mean in Chinese? ________

A. 幸福的 B. 穩(wěn)定的 C. 健康的

（4）根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及普通常識猜詞

1)China is our motherland.

2)Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies.

3)It''s really cold outside, and my hands are both numb.

Exercises: Guess the meaning of the new words quickly.

a.Wealthy means having lots of money.

b.Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to your health.

c. My mother-in-law, my husband’s mother, was a teacher. The boy had a happy family before. However, after the war, he became homeless.

d.You must stop dreaming and face reality.

（5）根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞意

在閱讀文章時，我們總會遇上一些新詞匯，有時很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞意，而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語法知識，這些問題便不難解決了。例如：　前綴un-表反義詞，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等。后綴- ment表名詞，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等。后綴-er、-or或-ist表同源名詞，如calculate/ calculator; visit/ visitor; law/ lawyer; wait/waiter; science/ scientist; art/ artist等。

（6）通過同義詞和同義關(guān)系猜測詞義

在文章中有時作者為了避免重復(fù)，或?yàn)榱吮磉_(dá)同一事物的不同種類，使用同義詞或近義詞。在這種情況下，我們就可以利用同義詞、近義詞的關(guān)系從熟悉的詞語推測不熟悉詞語的含義。

通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如happy and gay,即使我們不認(rèn)識gay這個詞，也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思；二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中所使用的同義詞。

Man has known something about the planets Venus, Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.

（7）通過反義詞和反義關(guān)系猜測詞義

有時作者為了說明相反的兩件事或兩個人，使用了一些反義詞或表示反義關(guān)系的詞語來進(jìn)行對比，我們可以利用已知單詞推斷未知單詞的詞義。

通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but,while,however等，二是看含not的習(xí)語或表示否定意義的詞語。

（8）通過舉例來猜測詞義

Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.

（9）通過描述猜測詞義

描述即作者為幫助讀者更深刻，更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。

The penguin is a kind of seabird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.

（10）根據(jù)單詞的發(fā)音進(jìn)行推測

英語中有些單詞來自漢語，與漢語發(fā)音有些相似，另外也有一些單詞譯成漢語時采用音譯，如：sofa,coffee,typhoon,aspirin,nylon

（三）推理判斷

考查邏輯推理能力、語言分析能力和綜合歸納能力。

下面哪些方式屬于推理判斷題？

1.We can infer(推斷) from the story that____

2.What’s the passage mainly about?

3.It can be inferred from the passage that

4.According to the story, what would happen next?

5.The first paragraph tells us that _______

6.What can we learn from the passage?

1、事實(shí)推理：先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的意思。

Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don’t want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kinds of danger and seem to be “bad” news.

According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV? ____

a.You often play football with your friends after school.

b.Your teacher has got a cold.

c.A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn’t been caught.

d.The bike in front of your house is lost.

When you cough or sneeze, please turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. Afterwards, you should say, “Excuse me.” This is a rule I set for my students. It is so simple, but many kids have never been told to do this.

What does the underlined word “this” mean?_

A.Don’t cough or sneeze in front of people

B.Don’t stand beside someone who coughs or sneezes.

C.Many people cough or sneeze on the underground train.

D.Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing and say sorry.

總結(jié)：

解題技巧：推斷題在文章無法直接找到答案，須在正確理解文章字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用邏輯推理的方法，綜合主旨句、主題句和上下文信息以及作者的措辭，作出總結(jié)性的判斷。同時要特別注意代詞所指代的對象。

閱讀理解題中難度最大且出現(xiàn)頻率很高的是推理判斷題，近幾年的中考每年都保持在2、3題左右。這種題要求考生根據(jù)文章中出現(xiàn)的暗示，抓住內(nèi)含語義，用邏輯思維的方法加以整理，然后做出合理的判斷。推理的方法大致可分為：簡單推理和復(fù)雜推理。

1、簡單推理：所謂簡單推理就是以表面文字為前提，以具體事實(shí)為依據(jù)進(jìn)行推理，做出判斷。這種推理方式比較直接，只要弄清事實(shí)，即可結(jié)合常識推斷出合理的結(jié)論。

2、復(fù)雜推理：復(fù)雜推理不但要以文字為依據(jù)，而且還要以文章的語境、內(nèi)涵為前提。這是一種間接而復(fù)雜的邏輯推理方式?？忌茢喑鑫恼聸]有表明但又合乎邏輯的推理，就必須由表及里地歸納或演繹。下面是幾種復(fù)雜的推理方法：(1)推測作者的寫作目的和意圖，此類的設(shè)題形式有：

The purpose in writing this text is to .

The author writes this passage to .

The author in this passage intends to .

推測作者的寫作目的,必須要先了解文章的主題,然后分析作者的論述方法、論述的重點(diǎn)和材料的安排。

(2)推測文章的觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論，此類設(shè)題形式有:

It can be inferred from the passage that .

What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?

From the passage we can conclude that .

這類問題問的不一定是全文的中心思想或作者的全部觀點(diǎn)，可能只是文章中的某一觀點(diǎn)。但要推測出文中的某一觀點(diǎn)，仍離不開對全文主要觀點(diǎn)或中心思想的把握。

(3)推斷文章的出處，設(shè)題形式有:

The passage is most likely to be taken from .

Where would this passage most probably appear?

The passage is most likely a part of .

這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處：

①報紙：前面會出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱;

②廣告：因其格式和語言特殊，容易辨認(rèn);

③產(chǎn)品說明：器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說明會告知服用時間、次數(shù)、藥量等。

(4)推斷短文中人物性格，設(shè)題形式有:

What do we know about somebody in the text?

What kind of man somebody is?

Somebody can be said to be .

做這類題時一定要注意：①準(zhǔn)確把握字里行間的意思，切忌用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn);②特別注意表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)的詞語。

(5)借助文章結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行推測：有些推斷題要從文章結(jié)構(gòu)的角度進(jìn)行分析，才能推斷出正確答案。因此，閱讀時不僅要注重詞、句的理解，而且還要分析語篇的組織結(jié)構(gòu)。

（四）歸納主旨大意:主要包括主題思想、寫作意圖、文章的題目等

常見的提問方式有：

(1）What is the main idea of the passage?

(2) The first paragraph tells us that _____

(3) Which of the following expresses the main idea?

(4) The passage is mainly about ______

(5) The best title for the story is _______

(6) Which of the following is the best title?

Can you find the topic sentence?

1. All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind.Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain .Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears.

2. Reading is a good habit, but the problem is , there’s too much to read these days, and too little time to read every word of it. There are hundreds of skills to help you read more in less time. Here are two skills that I think are especially good.

解題技巧：此類題目多出現(xiàn)于議論文和說明文。要確定文章的主題思想，最重要的是要找到主題句。主題句一般在段首或段尾，有時也在中間。

3. Do you know more and more Chinese artists have made regular donations to charity or put their efforts into charity work in China?

Here let’s know some of them.

What is the passage mainly about? ___

A. Chinese charity work.

B. Charity work of some Chinese artists.

C. Some famous Chinese artists.

D. Organizations started by Chinese artists.

解題技巧：

找主題句。一般新聞報道、說明文、議論文大都采用先總述、后分述的敘事方法，因此主題句大都在段首或篇首。

用歸納法寫文章時，往往表述細(xì)節(jié)的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此結(jié)尾。那么主題句往往就在段末或篇末。

（五）作者的意圖、態(tài)度和目的題

1、作者的語氣態(tài)度往往不會直接寫在文章里，只能通過細(xì)讀文章，從作者的選詞及修飾手段中體會出來。

常見的提問方式有：

(1) What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage?

(2) The writer probably feels that ______

(3) What is the writer’s main point?

(4) What is the writer’s attitude towards…?

(5) In the passage the writer tries to tell us that _______

(6) The writer suggest(暗示) that __________

(7) The writer wants to prove that ___________

注意：題目都是圍繞作者的意圖、目的和態(tài)度

解題技巧: 正確理解文章中反映作者態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵詞，同時通過選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞來推斷正確答案，學(xué)會根據(jù)作者使用的詞語的褒貶性去判斷作者的態(tài)度，要區(qū)別作者的態(tài)度和其他人的態(tài)度，不應(yīng)把你自己的態(tài)度滲透其中。

Today I can iron pretty well. I know where to start on a shirt and the right way to do the trousers. Now when I think about it, I don’t think she is an old lady. I think she might have been about my age now. Anyway, when I iron, I think of her and silently thank her for all the things I learned.

Now the writer _______

A. is still afraid of the lady B. hates the strict lady.

C. admires the disabled lady. D. is very grateful to the lady.

Read the passage and finish the exercises

Happiness is important for everyone. Most people want to be happy but few know how to find happiness. Money and success don’t bring lasting happiness. Happiness depends on ourselves. In other words, we make our own happiness.

Some people believe that if they are wealthy, they will be able to do anything they want, which means happiness. On the other hand, some people believe that holding a high position in the government is happiness. In this way, you have not only money, but also many other things which can’t be bought by money. However, other people believe that having lots of money is not happiness, nor is holding a high position in the government. These people value(重視) their beliefs, or their intelligence, or their health. They think these can make them happy.

Here are a few ways to help you be happier.

The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, we spend so much time thinking about the future, for example, getting into college or getting a good job that we don’t enjoy the present. You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. People who have close friends usually enjoy happier and healthier lives.

The second secret of happiness is to be active. Many people go dancing or play sports. People can forget about their problems and only think about the activities.

Finally, many people find happiness in helping others. According to studies, people feel good when they volunteer their time to do many meaningful things for other people. If you want to feel happier, do something nice for someone. You can help a friend with his or her studies, go shopping to get food for an old neighbor, or simply help around the house.

Now maybe you know how to find happiness!

( ) 1. Some people who hold a high position in the government think they can ________.

( ) 2. The underlined word “wealthy” means________ in the article.

( ) 3. We can infer（推斷） that Many people find it happy to ____.

( ) 4. The passage mainly tells us ________.

( ) 5. The writer thinks the secret of happiness is that people _______

Summary:

1．要充滿自信

2．要善于抓關(guān)鍵句和主題句

3．要有文中信息支持點(diǎn)

4．要掃讀全文

二、閱讀理解題目的設(shè)置方式：

邏輯推理型

1） 根據(jù)常識判斷

One day we invited some friends to dinner. When it was about six o’clock, my wife found that we had little bread. So she asked our five-year-old daughter, Kathy, to buy some.

One day, Kathy’s parents invited some friends to______.

A.have breakfast B. have lunch

C. have supper D. have a party.

邏輯推理型

2) 根據(jù)計(jì)算判斷

If everyone sets their air conditioning (空調(diào))at 26℃,Beijing will save 400 million kilowatt-hours(千瓦時) of electricity in one summer. That’s one-third of all the usage of the city in the season,” said a TV advertisement.

Beijing will use_____ million kilowatt-hours electricity in one summer. A. 1200 B. 800 C. 400

3)歸納主旨句

常用提問方式：

1. According to(根據(jù)) the passage, we know that____

2. The title (標(biāo)題) of the passage can be________.

3. The writer tells us_________.

4. From the story we can see/ learn / say_____

5. The main idea of this passage is______.

6. What is this passage about?

The ways of guessing the new words in context: 遇到生詞要冷靜

A. 利用構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行猜測

根據(jù)單詞的前綴與后綴進(jìn)行猜詞。如，care(小心) →careful(小心的) →carefully (小心地); write(寫) → rewrite (改寫)。

un- ; dis-;-less : 不無 ; mis-: 錯誤 ;

re-: 再，重復(fù)，重新 ; -ern: 表方向

-er ,-or, -ist : 表示人 ;

2. 根據(jù)“合成詞”猜測。

如：school + bag → schoolbag

down+stairs → downstairs

Exercises: Match the meaning with the new words.

1)Rebuild 不安全的

2)Modernize 誤解

3)man-made 重建

4)unsafe 現(xiàn)代化

5)misunderstan-ding 人造的

Exercises: Choose the right answer.

1. A lot of the world’s natural resources like oil come from poor countries.

A. 環(huán)境 B. 資源 C. 汽油

2. The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.

A. 帽子 B. 雨鞋 C. 眼鏡

3. My mom was a little heavy. And I was almost as plump as my mom.

A. 豐滿 B. 苗條 C. 強(qiáng)壯

4. Children have schoolbags with two straps to carry them.

A. 口袋 B. 肩帶 C. 紐扣

三、閱讀理解解題方法

1.先看文章,再看試題.

2.先看試題,然后帶著問題再看文章.(常用方法)

四、閱讀理解解題步驟

1.掃讀:即快速閱讀,通覽全文.發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵句(特別要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的頭一句.

2.細(xì)讀:集中精力研讀課文,分清文章體裁,把握文章中心和主要內(nèi)容,進(jìn)而掌握文章細(xì)節(jié)信息(五個W,who,what,when,where,why)

3.查讀:認(rèn)真檢查,盡量減少答題錯誤.

Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very forgetful. For example, Mr.Bell sometimes goes to his office for work on Sunday morning, for he thinks it is Monday. And Mrs.Bell some- times forget to cook supper for the family.

One summer they planned to fly to New York for their holidays. They got to the airport only ten minutes before the plane took off. So time was short. But suddenly Mrs. Bell said she must tell Alice,their daughter, not to forget to lock the front door when she went to school. As Alice was then at school,they couldn’t tell her about it by telephone. So they hurried to the post office. Mrs.Bell wrote a short note to Alice while Mr.Bell bought a stamp and an envelo- pe. Soon the note was ready. They put the stamp on the envelope in a hurry and dropped it in the letter box. But suddenly Mrs.Bell began to cry. The short note was still in her hand. She had put the plane tickets in the envelope.

1.Read the article for 2 minutes, and find the key sentence of the article.

( )(1). The word “forgetful ” means______.

A.忘記 B.健忘的 C.難忘的

( )(2).How did they plan to go to New York onesummer?

A.by plane B.by train C.by bus

( )(3). Because Alice was then ay school , they had to ________to Alice.

A. phone B.write a note C.send a E-mail

( )(4). What did they drop ____in the letter box?

A. a note B. the tickets C. the money

( )(5). The main idea of this passage is______.

A. Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very forgetful.

B. Mr.and Mrs.Bell planned to fly to New York.

C. Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very old.

五閱讀技巧：

1. 瀏覽問題，通讀全文

2. 抓住中心句

（標(biāo)題，首段，每段的首尾句，總---分--- 總,總---分）

3. 克服以下不良習(xí)慣： 心讀，一個詞一個詞的看，只讀不記

4. 遇到生詞要沉著冷靜

判斷正誤型閱讀和任務(wù)型閱讀

以上涉及到的都是在中考題中出現(xiàn)最多的選擇型閱讀測試題的做題技巧。除此之外，還有正誤型閱讀和任務(wù)型閱讀兩種考查形式。正誤型閱讀出現(xiàn)的逐漸減少，難度降低，一般試題在短文中可以直接找到答案，也可以用上述的方法來做題，這里不多講述。任務(wù)型閱讀：

任務(wù)型閱讀是近年來推出的新題型，命題靈活，題型多樣，可能是問答題，也可能是翻譯句子，填寫表格信息等，能夠很好地考查學(xué)生的英語綜合能力。但是只要我們注意養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀心理，提高閱讀速度，就能做好這種題。解題時注意：

1. 瀏覽試題，明確要求。帶著問題去讀短文，有的放矢。

2. 瀏覽全文，捕捉有用信息。閱讀時，注意有關(guān)的人物、事件、時間、地點(diǎn)、起因及一些定義、數(shù)據(jù)

和一些關(guān)鍵詞語，可以做出標(biāo)記，有目的地把文后題目和短文中相關(guān)信息加以比較，從而找到正確

答案。3. 復(fù)讀全文，抓住細(xì)節(jié)。答題時有問題，要重新在短文中尋找答案， 注意短文的首尾句或每一段的首尾句，那往往是事件的結(jié)果或作者的態(tài)度、意圖等。

4. 再讀全文，核對答案。要用全文的主題大意重新審核各題答案，看前后是否一致，是否符合短文的主旨大意，細(xì)節(jié)方面是否和短文一致，是否有拼寫和語法錯誤等。

補(bǔ)全對話?？荚掝}梳理

◆計(jì)劃

1.—How long are you waiting for/ will you stay here/have you been here?

—For two weeks/ a month/ two days.

2.—Are you planning/Do you have any plans for the summer vacation?

—Yes, I am planning/ plan to travel during the summer vacation.

3. —Where/When/ What shall we meet?

—At the gate of the museum/our school./In front of my house./At the bus station./At the bottom of the mountain./ About 7:00./ On Saturday.

4.—What are you going to do this summer?/Where are you going this summer?/ What’s your plan/What are your plans for this summer?

—I am going /want to visit my grandparents/ Beijing.

5. —What do you plan to watch tonight / want to be when you grow up?

—I plan to watch Days of Our Past/ I want to be an engineer.

6.—How are you going to do that?

—I’m going to study math really hard.

◆個人經(jīng)歷及感受

1.—What’s wrong/ the matter with you? /What happened?

—I lost my backpack./ I failed in the exam. / I lost the way.

2. —Have you decided on the place？

—Not yet. I’m looking for a place I’ve never been to. / Yes, I decided to go to Shanghai.

3.—How are you feeling now?

—Much better/Not so good/Not very well.

4. —What film（did you see）?/What’s the name of the film? / How’s the film/What do you think of the film?

—Harry Potter Ⅲ./ It’s interesting/ boring/ exciting.

5. —Have you ever been to the Great Wall/ America/ Thailand？

—Yes，I have been there twice./Not yet. I will go with my parents this weekend. /Never, I plan to go there the next year.

6.—How’s it/ everything going?

—Great! /Not bad. /Terrible!

◆咨詢建議

1.—What shall/can I do/Can you give me some suggestions/advice?

—You’d better / I think you should go to Lost and Found for help.

2.—What about going to that new Italian restaurant/ Why don’t/not we see a movie？/Shall we have something to eat before the movie?

—Great idea！/ That’s a good idea. / It sounds good to me. / Sure.

◆問路

1.—Where is it?

—It’s just on the second floor in the office building./It’s across from /beside/next to/on the left/on the right of the Bank of China.

2.—Where is /Can/Could you tell me where I can find /which is the way to /how to get to /how can I get to the nearest hotel?

—It’s around the corner./ It’s next to/behind/across from/in front of the People Park./Please go straight the road, and at the end of the road you can see it./ Go along the road and turn left/right at the first corner, and you can find it.

3.—Where is the best place to have dinner around here?

—Well. It’s hard to say. There are so many good restaurants, and my personal favorite is Panda Express. / I’ll point it out when we pass it.

◆個人信息

1.—Where are you(visiting)from/Where do you come from?

—I’m(visiting) from/come from Zhengzhou/Luoyang.

2.—What does he/she /your friend look like?

—He/She is very tall/of medium height/has long straight hair.

3. —How old are you/ is your sister/ brother/ mother/father?

—I am 16 years old/ She/ He is 14/12/30/35 years old.

4. —What’s your/your father’s/mother’s job?

—I’m just a student/He/She is a worker/teacher/doctor.

5. —What do you often do in your free time?

—Read books/Climb mountains/ Do some sports.

◆詢問時間

1.—When /What time did you lose your backpack?

—Half an hour ago. /This Saturday morning./At seven o’clock.

2.—How soon will you arrive？

—In ten minutes.

3. —What day is it today?

—It’s Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday/Saturday/Sunday.

◆邀請

1.—Would/ Do you like to watch a movie/ play/ go hiking/ travel / go camping with me?

—Sure! / Sounds great./Yes, I’d love to. /Sorry, I have to take care of my mother in the hospital.

2. —May I invite you to have a dinner/go shopping with me?

—That would be nice. /That is very kind of you, but I won’t be free at that time.

◆請求允許

1. —Can I take a camera with me? I want to take some photos. /Can I smoke here?

—I’m afraid you can’t. We are not allowed to take photos/ smoke inside the museum/ in public places.

2. —Would you mind opening the window/ putting out the cigarette/ not smoking here?

—Not at all. / Of course not./You’d better not. /Sorry, I will do it right now.

3.—Excuse me, Lucy! May I use your eraser?

—Sorry，Bob. I’ve just lent it to Tom/OK, here you are.

4. —Will you help me cheer her up/solve this problem?

—OK. /Of course/No problem.

◆看病就醫(yī)

1.—What’s wrong with you?/What’s your trouble?/What’s up?/What happened to you?

—I have got a fever/a cold./ I’ve got a headache. /There is something wrong with my stomach./I just fell off the bike. And I have got a pain in my arm.

2. —Is there anything wrong with you?

—Yes，I get a cold for three days.

3.—How long have you been like this？

—I have been ill for a week/ two days.

◆學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)與生活

1.—How do you learn English?

—I learn by studying with a group/listening to English tapes/communicating with a foreigner.

2.—How do you get to school?

—I ride my bike/take a bus/walk.

3.—How long does it take to get to school?

—It takes about 15 minutes/half an hour/an hour.

4.—How far is it from your home to school?

—It’s only about two kilometers/five minutes’ walk.

5.—How often do you go to the movies?

—I go to the movies maybe once a month/twice a week.

6.—What were you doing at eight last night/morning?

—I was taking a shower/doing my homework/cleaning my room.