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一：什么是情態(tài)動詞? 情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度。 二：情態(tài)動詞的特點 1）有一定詞義； 2）不受主語人稱和數(shù)的變化影響； 3）與主要動詞的原形（或稱不帶to的不定式）一起構(gòu)成謂語（除ought to作固定詞組看待）。 三：情態(tài)動詞的基本用法 1. can (could) 1）表示能力，could主要指過去時間。 Two eyes can see more than one. 兩只眼比一只眼看得清。 Could the girl read before she went to school? 這女孩上學(xué)前能識字嗎？ 2）表示可能（理論上或是邏輯判斷上）。 The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing. 氣溫可降至—60℃，也就是零下60℃。 He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足夠的錢買新車。 You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走時勿吸煙，那樣可能會引起火災(zāi)。 3）表示允許。 Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新鋼筆嗎？ He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room. 他問他可不可以把書帶出閱覽室。 4）表驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。 Where can (could) they have gone to? 他們會去哪兒了呢？ He can’t (couldn’t) be over sixty. 他不可能超過六十歲。 How can you be so careless? 你怎么這么粗心？ 5）比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法。 Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 幫我一把好嗎？ I’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer today. 恐怕我們今天不能給你答復(fù)。' 2. may (might) 1）表允許，might可以指過去時間，也可指現(xiàn)在時間，語氣更委婉。 You may take whatever you like. 你喜歡什么就拿什么。 He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告訴我可以在房間里抽煙。 May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一張你寶寶的照片嗎？ 在回答以may引起的問句時，多避免用這個詞，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don’t ./ You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.等，以免顯得太嚴(yán)峻或不客氣。 2）表可能（事實上）?？梢灾高^去時間，也可以指現(xiàn)在時間，但語氣更加不肯定。 He may be at home. 他可能在家。 She may not know about it. 她可能不知道這件事。 He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他擔(dān)心他們可能不同意他的意見。 They might be having a meeting, but I’m not sure. 他們有可能在開會，不過我不肯定。 3. must 1）表示義務(wù)。意為“必須”（主觀意志）。 We must do everything step by step. 我們一切都必須循序漸進地做。 You mustn’t talk to her like that. 你不可能那樣對她說話。 --Must we hand in our exercise—books now? 我們現(xiàn)在就要交練習(xí)本嗎？ --No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. 不必。（這種情況下，一般不用mustn’t） 2）表示揣測。意為“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。 He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他準(zhǔn)是病了。他的臉色蒼白。 She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴著鉆石項鏈，一定很有錢。 4. shall 1）表征詢意見，用于第一、第三人稱疑問句。 Shall I get you some tea? 我給你點茶好嗎？ Shall the boy wait outside? 讓那男孩在外面等嗎？ What shall we do this evening? 我們今晚做什么？ 2）表說話人的意愿，有“命令、允諾、警告、決心”等意思，用于第二、第三人稱陳述句。 You shall do as I say. 按我說的做。（命令） You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答復(fù)。（允諾） He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他會后悔的，我告訴你。（警告） Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我們執(zhí)行這項計劃。（決心） 5. will 1）表意愿，用于各種人稱陳述句。 I will do anything for you. 我愿為你做任何事。 None is so blind as those who won’t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。 If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意讀這本書，我會把它借給你。 2）表請求，用于疑問句。 Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold. 請你把窗戶關(guān)上好嗎？有點冷。 Won’t you drink some more coffee? 再來一點咖啡好嗎？ 3）表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動作。 Fish will die out of water. 魚離開水就不能活。 The door won’t open. 這門打不開。 The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 那男孩常常坐在那里好幾個鐘點，看著車輛行人通過。 6. should 1）表義務(wù)。意為“應(yīng)該”（某件事宜于做），用于各種人稱。 You should be polite to your teachers. 你對老師應(yīng)該有禮貌。 You shouldn’t waste any time. 你不應(yīng)該浪費時間。 2）表推測，意為“想必一定、照說應(yīng)該、估計”等。 The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 這部新電影是一流演員主演的，估計拍得很好。 They should be home by now. 照說他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)當(dāng)已經(jīng)到家了。 7.would 1）表意愿。 They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他們不讓他進去因為他衣著破舊。 I said I would do anything for you. 我說過我愿意為你做任何事。 2）表委婉地提出請求、建議或看法。 Would you like another glass of beer? 再來杯啤酒好嗎？ Would you mind cleaning the window? 請把窗戶擦一下好嗎？ They wouldn’t have anything against it. 他們不會有什么反對意見。 3）表過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或過去的一種傾向。 Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻煩都會向她求助。他告訴我盒子打不開了。 8. ought to 1）表義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”（因責(zé)任、義務(wù)等該做），口氣比should稍重。 You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父親，應(yīng)當(dāng)管他。 You oughtn’t to smoke so much. 你不應(yīng)該抽這么多煙。 2）表推測，暗含很大的可能，語氣較弱。 Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韓梅該知道他的電話號碼。 There’s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天應(yīng)該是個好天。 9. used to 表示過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在不復(fù)發(fā)生或存在。疑問式和否定式有兩種。 He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.他過去住在鄉(xiāng)下，現(xiàn)在住在城里。 There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down. 街道拐角處過去有座樓房，現(xiàn)在拆了。 I usedn’t (didn’t use) to smoke. 我過去不抽煙。 Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你過去常步行去學(xué)校嗎？ 四： need和dare的用法 need和dare既可用作情態(tài)動詞，也可用作實義動詞。用作情態(tài)動詞時，主要用于否定句和疑問句。用作實義動詞時，可用于各種句式。 1）：用作情態(tài)動詞 --Need I come? --Yes, you must. --我需要來嗎？ --需要。 You needn’t telephone him now. 你現(xiàn)在不必打電話給他。 I don’t think you need worry. 我想你不必發(fā)愁。 She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一個人出去。 How dare you say I’m unfair? 你竟敢說我不公平？ Not one of them dared mention this. 他們誰也不敢提這件事。 2）：.用作實義動詞 You don’t need to do it yourself. 你不必親自做這件事。 We need to tell them the news. 我們需要把這消息告訴他們。 The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。 We should dare to give our own opinion. 我們要敢于提出自己的觀點。 He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬頭看。 I dare day he’ll come again. 我想他會再來的。 （I dare say…為固定習(xí)語） 五：情態(tài)動詞后跟完成式和進行式的用法 1.情態(tài)動詞后跟完成式，表“應(yīng)當(dāng)已經(jīng)……”，“想必已經(jīng)……”，“本來可以……”等意。 I should have finished the work earlier. 我應(yīng)當(dāng)早一點完成這項工作的。 He isn’t here. He must have missed the train. 他還未到，一定是沒趕上火車。 Where can (could) he have gone? 他能到那里去了呢？ You may (might) have read about it. 你可能在報上已經(jīng)讀到這件事了。 You could (might) have been more careful. 你本來可以更細(xì)心的。 He needn’t have worried about it. 他本不必為此事?lián)摹?/p> There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party. You ought to have come, but why didn't you? 昨天的聚會非常有意思。你本應(yīng)該來，為何不來呢？ 2. 情態(tài)動詞后跟進行式，表示“想必正在……”，“可能正在……”，“應(yīng)當(dāng)正在”等意。 It’s twelve o’clock. They must be having lunch. 現(xiàn)在是十二點。他們一定正在吃飯。 They may be discussing this problem. 他們可能正在論討這個問題。 He can’t be telling the truth. 他說的不可能是真話。 She shouldn’t be working like that. She’s still so weak. 她不應(yīng)當(dāng)那樣干，她身體仍那么弱。 六：幾組詞的辨異 1. can 和be able to 1）情態(tài)動詞can只有兩種時態(tài)形式，現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could，而be able to有多種時態(tài)形式。 Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 瑪麗會彈鋼琴。她五歲起就會彈了。 2）用在過去時中，could經(jīng)常表示能夠做某事，事實上不一定去做，而was∕were able to則表示“過去做成了某事”。在否定句中兩者可通用。 He couldm across the English Channel. But he didn't feel like it that day. 他能游過英吉利海峽，但那天他不想游。 Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前趕到了家里。 2. must和 have to must表示主觀意志，而have to表示由于客觀因素不得不做某事。must沒有過去式，除在間接引語中可用于表示過去時間，在直接引語中表示過去時間應(yīng)該用had to代替。 I told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必須戒煙。 We had to get everything ready that night. 我們那晚得把一切準(zhǔn)備就緒。 3. would和used to 1）used to表示過去與現(xiàn)在或過去某時與后來的情況有不同，而would只表過去的情況。 People used to think that the earth was flat. 過去人們認(rèn)為地球是平的。（現(xiàn)在人們不這么認(rèn)為。） She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country. 在鄉(xiāng)下時，她總是在早晨去散會兒步。（可能現(xiàn)在仍有散步的習(xí)慣。） 2）used to可表示過去的習(xí)慣動作和經(jīng)常的情況，而would只表示過去的習(xí)慣動作。 He used to ∕would smoke while writing. 過去他寫東西時常抽煙。 She used to be fat. 她過去很胖。 1. I __________ you, because I thought I must be wrong. A. dare not ask B. dare not to ask C. dare not asking D. dare to not ask 2. There __________ some flowers in the garden. A. were used to be B. used to be C. uses to be D. used to be having 3. '__________ I take it out?' 'I'm sorry, you __________.' A. Could ...couldn't B. Might...might not C. Could...can D. May...can't 4. You were stupid to climb the tree. You __________ hurt yourself. A. may B. might C. will D. might have 5. You __________ those letters. Why didn't you ? A. should post B. should have posted C. must have posted D. ought to post. 6. All the lights are on, the Smiths __________ up. A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get 7. He __________ lead a horse to the water but he __________ not make it drink. A. will...can B. may...can C. may...dares D. dare...can 8. 'Need we do this job now?' 'Yes, __________.' A. you need B. you should C. you must D. you can 9. __________ to have lunch with us today? A. Do you likes B. Would you like C. Will you liked D. Have you liked 10. He said that you __________ watch TV all the evening if you wished. A. may B. must C. can D. might 11. -Is John coming by train? --He should, but he __________ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may 12. Peter __________ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. A. must B. can C. may D. will 13. Michael __________ be a policeman, for he's much too short. A. needn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. won't 14. I thought you __________ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes. A. may B. might C. can D. could 15. I wonder how he __________ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say 16. Come on! We __________ hurry because there isn't much time left. A. may B. must C. can D. need 17. Amy did best in the English test. She __________ hard last week. A. must have working B. should have worked C. should work D. must work 18. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone __________ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 19. ---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ---Oh, did you? You __________ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 20. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack __________ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can 參考答案： 1.A2.B3.D4.D5.B6.C7.B8.C9.B10.D11.D12.C13.B14.B15.D16.B17.A18.D19.A20.C |
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