雷達(dá)里奧《原則》53

有些人更依賴于記憶中所學(xué)的知識來做決策，另一些人則更依賴于自己的獨立推理。我把第一種人稱為基于記憶的學(xué)習(xí)者，第二種人叫做基于推理的思考者。當(dāng)我使用“學(xué)習(xí)”這個詞的時候，我打算表達(dá)的意思是“通過被他人教導(dǎo)而獲得知識”，當(dāng)使用“思考”這個詞的時候，我的意思是“通過自己探索來解決問題”?；谟洃浀膶W(xué)習(xí)者通過回憶他們所學(xué)的知識來作出決策。他們利用自己的記憶庫，按照存儲在那里的教導(dǎo)行事。這就是典型的左腦思考者?；谕评淼乃伎颊吒P(guān)注所發(fā)生事情背后的原理。這就是典型的右腦思考者。當(dāng)所學(xué)的知識（比如資產(chǎn)評估模型）與邏輯（比如全天候）發(fā)生沖突時（注：這句話我還沒有理解，如果有人理解，請留言告知，十分感謝），你可以分辨出它們之間的區(qū)別。記憶型學(xué)習(xí)者會對非傳統(tǒng)的觀念持懷疑態(tài)度，因為他們習(xí)慣接受被教導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容，而無法做出自己的判斷。相反，那些更依賴推理的人不會太在意傳統(tǒng)，而會根據(jù)觀點的價值進行評估。記憶型學(xué)習(xí)者也更喜歡與共識保持一致，推理型思考者則相反。記憶型學(xué)習(xí)者更愿意維持現(xiàn)狀，變得小心謹(jǐn)慎，而推理型思考者則較少受到偏見的影響，更具創(chuàng)新精神。學(xué)校的成績主要與學(xué)習(xí)型思考有關(guān)，而無法反映一個人的推理能力。最有能力的學(xué)習(xí)者很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)，因為他們曾經(jīng)是最好學(xué)校里最好的學(xué)生。而優(yōu)秀的思考者卻很難發(fā)現(xiàn)，因為真實世界很難記錄下他們的思考過程。

將“學(xué)習(xí)型”和“思考型”，按照-5到+5來標(biāo)記，你認(rèn)為自己處在什么位置？

你對自我評估的正確性有多少信心？

原文：

Some people rely more on remembering what they were taught when making decisions, and others rely more on their independent reasoning. Let’s call the first group memory-based learners and the second group reasoning-based thinkers. When using the word “l(fā)earning” I intend to convey “acquiring knowledge by being taught,” and when using the word “thinking” I mean “figuring it out for oneself.” Memory-based learners approach decision-making by remembering what they were taught. They draw on their memory banks and follow the instructions stored there. They are typically left-brained. Reasoning-based thinkers pay more attention to the principles behind what happens. They are typically right-brained. You can tell the difference when what is learned (e.g., CAPM) conflicts with what is logical (e.g., All Weather). People who rely on memory-based learning will typically be more skeptical of unconventional ideas because their process is to more readily accept what they have been told and because they are less able to assess it for themselves. Those who rely on more on reasoning won’t care much about convention and will assess ideas on their merits. Those who rely on memory-based learning also tend to align themselves with the consensus more than people who rely on reasoning. Memorybased learners are more willing to accept the status quo, while reasoning-based thinkers are less biased by it. They are more likely to be innovative, while those who rely on learning are likelier to be cautious. Performance in school will correlate well with the quality of one’s learning-based thinking, but will not reliably correlate with one’s reasoning-based thinking. The most able learners are easily found, since they are, or were, the best students from the best schools. The best thinkers are tougher to find, as there are no obvious funnels through which they pass, especially before they develop track records in the “real world.”