| 一、語法專題-形容詞和副詞的比較級
（一）形容詞的比較等級(1)—用法講解
大多數(shù)的形容詞都有三個(gè)級別：原級、比較級、最高級。其中比較級表示“更……”，用于兩者之間的比較，用來說明“前者比后者更……”，比較級前面一般用much, even, a little修飾，其中even, much 只能修飾比較級。最高級表示“最……”，用于三者及三者以上之間的比較，用來說明“某人或某物在某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)最……”
① 形容詞的比較級(-er)和最高級(-est)的構(gòu)成
a. 規(guī)則變化之口訣：直接加；去e加；雙寫加；變著加
b. 不規(guī)則變化
| 原級
| 比較級
| 最高級
| | good / well
| better
| best
| | bad / ill
| worse
| worst
| | many / much
| more
| most
| | little
| less
| least
| | far
| farther, further
| farther, further
| | old
| older, elder
| oldest, eldest
|
② 形容詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成及用法
③ 比較級前的修飾語
still, even, any, quite(a bit), almost, nearly, just, rather；a little, a bit；much, a lot, far, many；twice, ten times, one fourth, two pounds, three years
【小試牛刀】
1. I can't run any ____________(far). Shall we stop for a while?
2. It is not so (hot) today as it was yesterday,
3. ______________ (hard) you study, ____________ (good) you will be at English.
4.--Which do you like ____________ (well), English, Maths or Chinese?
--English is my favorite subject.
5. Our country is becoming _______________ and ________________ (beautiful).
Keys: 1、farther 2、hot 3、The harder, the better 4、best 5、more， more beautiful
（二）形容詞的比較等級(2)—常見句型
① A=B A V as adj./adv. as B （與。。。一樣）
He is as tall as I/me. 他和我一樣高。
He is as good a teacher as his father.他和他的父親一樣是個(gè)好教師。
② A≠ B A V not as/so adj./adv. as B （與。。。不一樣）
They didn’t do as/so much work as you did. 他們干得事沒有你多。
I’ve never seen as/so old a car as this.我從來沒有見過像這樣舊的車。
③ A > B 或A < B A V 比較級 than B （比。。。<更>。。。）
Tom is two years older than his brother. 湯姆比他的弟弟大兩歲。
Our classroom is bigger than theirs. 我們的教室比他們的大。
④ 表示倍數(shù)A V twice/four times/… as adj./adv. as B（A是B的兩倍/四倍/…）
This room is twice as large as that one. 整個(gè)房間是那房間的兩倍大。
The earth is 49 times as big as the moon.地球是月球的49倍大。
⑤ 表示程度的遞增
主語 V 比較級 and 比較級 (…越來越…)
主語 V more and more adj./adv. (…越來越…)
The days are getting shorter and shorter.白天變得越來越長了。
Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我們的國家變得越來越美了。
⑥ 表示兩種情況同時(shí)變化
The 比較級 主語 V …，the 比較級 主語 V …(…越…越…)
The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.=If we get together more, we’ll be happier.
我們聚得越多，我們就會越高興。
The harder you study, the better you’ll be at English.= If you study harder, you’ll be better at English.
你學(xué)習(xí)越努力，你的英語成績越好。
⑦ 主語 be one of the 最高級 n.(pl.) in/of… (…是最…之一)
Beijing is one of the oldest cities in China.北京是中國最古老的城市之一。
⑧ 主語 V。 the 最高級 in/of… (…最…)
Ann studies hardest of all the girls in our class.安妮是我們班學(xué)習(xí)最用功的學(xué)生之一。
⑨ 主語 V。 the 比較級 of the two… (…<兩者中>較…的)
Lily is the taller of the twins.莉莉是這兩個(gè)雙胞胎中較高的那個(gè)。
⑩ 主語 V。 比較級 than any other n. (單數(shù)) in… (…比任何其他的更…)
主語 V。 比較級 than any of the other n. (復(fù)數(shù)) in…(…比任何其他的更…)
He is taller than any other student in his class.他比他班級中其他的任何學(xué)生高。
= He is taller than any of the other students in his class.
= He is the tallest students in his class.
【小試牛刀】
1. It is not so______________ (beautiful) as the one back home.
2. Li Lin is not as______________ (active)as he used to be.
3. The air pollution is much______________ (serious)in our city than in theirs.
4. This is one of the______________(delicious)dishes in this restaurant.
5. Judy got the______________(many)new ideas of all the students here.
Keys: 1、beautiful 2、active 3、more serious 4、the most delicious 5、the most
（三）易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)講解
命題角度1 形容詞、副詞的位置以及易混淆的形容詞的用法
1.( 典型例題 ) This __ girls are Linda’s cousin.
A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty
C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish
[考場錯(cuò)解] D
[專家把脈] 本題考查考生多個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí)的位置關(guān)系。參見下文的規(guī)律總結(jié)。
[對癥下藥] A
2.(典型例題) to take adventure course will certainly learn a lot useful skills.
A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave
[考場錯(cuò)解] A
[專家把脈] 考生本題容易出錯(cuò)的地方是:通常單個(gè)形容詞作定語要前置，所以常常誤選丸英語中有些形容詞作定語時(shí)要后置，如:大多數(shù)以字母a開頭的形容詞；形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)等。本題中，enough作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞通常要后置。又因?yàn)閟tudents作句子的主語，要放在句子的開頭，修飾它的形容詞放在其后。故答案為C。
[對癥下藥] C
3.(典型例題 ) students are required to take part in the boat race.
A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese
[考場錯(cuò)解] B
[專家把脈] 本題容易受漢語習(xí)慣的影響從而導(dǎo)致誤選。解答的關(guān)鍵是弄懂其排列順序問題?？蓞⒁娤挛牡摹耙?guī)律總結(jié)”。
[對癥下藥] A
總結(jié)：
1.英語中某些副詞短語的意義和用法很重要。 這類短語常見的還有: more than， no more than， too much， much too， by far， more than， more… than， no less than， not less than 等，在平常練習(xí)中要加以注意。
2.意義相近的形容詞和副詞的用法要加以注意: hard， hardly; deep， deeply; high， highly; dead，deadly; most， mostly; fair， fairly; quite， fairly， rather; almost， nearly; such 等。
3.多個(gè)形容詞同時(shí)一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，多用下列順序:性質(zhì) 大小 形狀 新舊 顏色，有時(shí)也要看與名詞的密切關(guān)系，越密切越靠近名詞。多個(gè)詞同時(shí)作前置定語時(shí)的一般排列規(guī)律是:代詞性定語 冠詞／指／物主／所有格 數(shù)詞(先序后基) 形容詞 國籍／材料／用途形容詞或名詞或動名詞 被修飾的名詞。例如:a charming small round old brown French oak writing table.
訓(xùn)練：
1 Excuse me, but can I borrow your pencil- box?
A. blue cheap plastic B. cheap blue plastic C. plastic blue cheap D. plastic cheap blue
答案: B
解析:最近的是材料，最遠(yuǎn)的是一般性描繪形容詞cheap。
2 Mr. Evans is wise than smart. Few people can solve such a problem.
A. no less B. no more C. less D. more
答案: D
解析:more…than…與其說……不如說……。
3 Whoever has sense knows that smoking is harmftd to people’s health.
A. normal B. general C. ordinary D. common
答案: D
解析:根據(jù)語境，“擁有一般常識的人”，用common 來表示“普通的，平常的”。
命題角度2 形容詞、副詞的比較級結(jié)構(gòu)；形容詞、副詞前面使用冠詞的情況以及倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方法
1.(典型例題)David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels __ desire to go to bed.
A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least
[考場錯(cuò)解] A或C
[專家把脈] 解答本題首先要理解語境。David剛剛獲獎，還很興奮，那么睡覺的欲望當(dāng)然是很少了。the least表示“最少的”的意思。
[對癥下藥] D
2.(典型例題) Mary kept weighing herself to see how much__ she was getting.
A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest
[考場錯(cuò)解] B
[專家把脈] 本題最容易出錯(cuò)的地方是考生難以理解句意中暗含的比較，常常會誤選D.囚此，讀懂題干是關(guān)鍵。在此基礎(chǔ)上就不難理解瑪麗所做的目的是“看看 (比以前)重了多少”。
[對癥下藥] A
3.(典型例題) The house rent is expensive. I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I paying here.
A. as three times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much
[考場錯(cuò)解] A
[專家把脈] 在表達(dá)倍數(shù)時(shí)，比較級的修飾詞要放在 as...as結(jié)構(gòu)之前。同時(shí)本題又是一個(gè)省略句，這都是錯(cuò)誤的根源。具體用法參見下文的“規(guī)律總結(jié)”。
[對癥下藥] D
總結(jié)：
1.形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級前的冠詞用法:形容詞最高級前須加the，副詞最高級前都可以。做表語的形容詞前如果沒有比較范圍和比較對象也可省去the，比較級在特指意義時(shí)須加the，泛指時(shí)可數(shù)單數(shù)須加a／an.Most 原級形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中，前面用不定冠詞a，an或無冠詞時(shí)，并非是最高級意思，most意思為“very(非常)”。
2.形容詞比較級的倍數(shù)表達(dá)方式:比較級修飾詞 as adj.／adV.十a(chǎn)s和比較級修飾詞 as many／much n. as.在“as...as”結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一個(gè)as是副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)程度。當(dāng)某些副詞如so,as,too,how等用來修飾名詞前的形容詞時(shí)；不定冠詞放在該形容詞之后，名詞之前。后一個(gè)as引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。表示倍數(shù)的三個(gè)句 型是:
(1)… times as 形容詞原級 as…例如:
This table is three times as big as that one.
(2)… times 性質(zhì)名詞 of … 例如:
This table is three times bigger than that one.
3.比較級前可以用 even, still,a bit /little,much, a lot, far, by far, no, any等修飾，表示程度。最高級前可以有序數(shù)詞，by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really ,not quite, nothing like等來修飾。例如:
—Is your father any better? 你父親好些了嗎？
—Yes,much better.是的，好多了。
I’d like to buy the second most expensive laptop.
4.形容詞副詞比較的對象應(yīng)該相同但不能相互包容。常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)形式:
比較級 than any other 單數(shù)名詞；比較級 than anyone else；比較級 than any of the other 復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
例如:
China is larger than any other country in Asia /all the other countries in Asia.
The weather here is colder than that of Huanggang.
The computers made in our factory are better than those in your factory,
訓(xùn)練
1 You’d better go and buy some tomatoes for the dinner party, for you see, there are _ _ tomatoes left in the basket than I imagined.
A. far more B. far fewer C. many more D. many fewer
答案: B
解析:far修飾比較級。
2 — Are you satisfied with his work?
— Well, I’m afraid it couldn’t be __ .
A. any better B. the best C. any worse D. the worst
答案: C
解析:否定詞和比較級連用相當(dāng)于最高級。
3 Exercise is _ _ any other to lose unwanted weight.
A. so useful a way B. as a useful way C. as useful a way D. such a useful way
答案: C
二、反身代詞
（一）反身代詞用法講解
1、反身代詞的構(gòu)成
反身代詞又稱自身代詞，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。其中，第一、二人稱的反身代詞由“形容詞性物主代詞 后綴-self（單數(shù)）/ - selves（復(fù)數(shù)）”構(gòu)成，第三人稱的反身代詞由“人稱代詞的賓格 后綴-self（單數(shù)）/ - selves（復(fù)數(shù)）”構(gòu)成。
【家庭成員】
人稱
| 第一人稱
| 第二人稱
| 第三人稱
| 單數(shù)
| myself
| yourself
| himself herself itself
| 復(fù)數(shù)
| ourselves
| yourselves
| themselves
|
2、反身代詞的用法
① She called herself Xiao Zhang. 她自稱小張。
② We can look after ourselves well. 我們會照顧好自己的。
③ The poor boy in the story is myself. 故事里的那個(gè)可憐的男孩就是我自己
④ They finished the work themselves. 他們獨(dú)自完成了工作。
⑤ Did you see Mr. Wang himself? 你見過 王先生本人嗎？
【規(guī)律總結(jié)】
反身代詞可以作動詞或介詞的賓語，如例句①②；可以作表語，如例句③；可以作主語或賓語的同位語，用于加強(qiáng)語氣，意為“親自，本人”，如例句④⑤。
★一些常用的固定搭配
look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顧自己
teach oneself sth. / learn sth. by oneself 自學(xué)
enjoy oneself 玩得高興，過得愉快
help oneself to sth. 請自用……（隨便吃/喝些……）
hurt oneself摔傷自己
say to oneself 自言自語
（二）易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)講解
① 反身代詞不能單獨(dú)做主語，但可以做主語的同位語，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。例如：
我自己能完成作業(yè)。（誤）Myself can finish my homework.
（正）I myself can finish my homework.
② 反身代詞表示“某人自己”，不能表示“某人自己的東西”，因?yàn)樗鼪]有所有格的形式。表達(dá)“某人自己的（東西）”時(shí)，須要用one’s own. 例如：
我用我自己的蠟筆畫畫。（誤）I’m drawing with myself crayons.
（正）I’m drawing with my own crayons.
【趁熱打鐵】用合適的反身代詞填空。
1. Danny, can you do it by __________?
2. Lily is old enough to look after ________ now.
3. Please help _________ to the food, Jenny and Brian.
4. They are enjoying ___________ in the park now.
5. I want to go shopping. I want to buy _________ a T-shirt.
Keys:1. yourself 2. herself 3. yourselves 4. themselves 5. myself
三、祈使句
（一）祈使句用法講解
祈使句指的是表示命令、請求、建議或勸告的句子。其主語you常省略，謂語動詞用原形，句末用感嘆號或句號，讀降調(diào)。
1. 肯定的祈使句
（1）動詞原形 其他
Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 請起立。
（2）Be n./adj.
Be a good boy! 要做一個(gè)好孩子! Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 當(dāng)心！
（3）Let 賓語 動詞原形 其它成分
Let me help you. 讓我來幫你。 Let’s go to school together. 咱們一起上學(xué)去吧。
2. 否定的祈使句
(1) Don't 動詞原形
Don't stand up. 別站起來。
Don't be careless. 別粗心。
Don't let them play with fire. 別讓他們玩火。
(2) Let型的否定式有兩種:“Don't let 賓語 動詞原形 其它成分”和“Let 賓語
not 動詞原形 其它成分”。
Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 別讓他走。
Let them not play with fire. 別讓他們玩火。
(3) no開頭,用來表示禁止性的祈使句。
No smoking! 禁止吸煙!No fishing! 禁止釣魚!
3. 祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助動詞Do。
例如：Do shut up! 快住口！
4. 祈使句的回答 祈使句的動作通常是表示將來發(fā)生的動作，所以回答祈使句時(shí)，一般用
will或won’t。
在回答具有否定意義的祈使句時(shí)，要注意兩點(diǎn)：
1) 形式一致(即Yes與will保持一致；No與won’t保持一致)
2) 意思相反(即Yes是 “不”的意思；No是 “是”的意思)。
在回答時(shí)，要注意分析上下文語境中所提供的條件。
如：--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 請不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去機(jī)場接我弟弟。
（二）易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)講解
1、放句首時(shí)，要注意Don’t后面要用動詞原形；
2、當(dāng)人稱后面有標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號時(shí)，要注意是用祈使句還是用三單。
如：Lucy, don’t be late again.
Lucy, a 17-year-old girl, is not late again.
3、祈使句與or的搭配， 如：Hands up, or we’ll shoot.
【趁熱打鐵】
1. _______ late again, Bill!
A. Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not
2. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.
A. Not B. Won't C. Doesn't D. Don't
3. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.
A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing
4. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.
A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell
5 .Her doctor said: “________ work so hard”
A Stop B Don’t C Can’t D No
6. Sindy, ________ to be here at 8 o’clock
A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure
7.________ when you cross the road.
A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful
8. ________ in bed. It’s bad for your eyes.
A Not to read B Don’t read C Don’t to read D Not read
9 ______ tell a lie.
A Hardly B Not C No D Never
Keys: 1-5 BDADB 6-9 DCBD
四、should和had better
（一）should用法講解
1. 用于第一人稱疑問句，表征詢意見。如：Should I open the window? 我可以開窗戶嗎？
2. should表義務(wù)，可用于各種句式，通常指將來。
如：You should do what your parents tell you. 你應(yīng)該照你父母的話去做事。
He should do some work, but he doesn’t want to.他應(yīng)該做些工作，但是他不想做。
也可指現(xiàn)在。如：
You shouldn’t be sitting in the sun. 你不應(yīng)該坐在陽光下。
3. should表推測，暗含很大的可能。如：
It’s 4:30. They should be in New York by now. 現(xiàn)在是四點(diǎn)半，他們應(yīng)該到達(dá)紐約了。
（二）had better用法講解
1. had better的基本用法特點(diǎn)
其意為“最好”、“應(yīng)該”，后接動詞原形，與情態(tài)動詞should用法相似，其中的had通常縮略為 ‘d。如：
You’d better get some sleep．你最好去睡一會兒。
We had better go before it rains. 我們最好在下雨前就去。
2. had better如何構(gòu)成否定式和疑問式
構(gòu)成否定式時(shí)，通常將not置于had better之后(而不是had之后)；而構(gòu)成疑問式時(shí)，則通常將had(而不是had better)置于主語之前。如：
I’d better not disturb him．我最好別去打擾他。
What had we better do? 我們最好怎么辦?
【注】在否定疑問句或反意疑問句中可將not與had連用。如：
Hadn’t we better go now? 我們是不是現(xiàn)在就去呢?
3. had better后接進(jìn)行式
有時(shí)后接動詞的進(jìn)行式，表示最好馬上做某事如：
I think I’d better be going．我想我最好還是馬上走。
You’d better be getting your clothes ready. 你最好馬上把衣服準(zhǔn)備好。
【趁熱打鐵】
一、句式轉(zhuǎn)換：
1、 You should go to school on time.(否定句)
_________________________________________________________________
2、 You had better get here early.(否定句)
_________________________________________________________________
3、 You should dress neatly.(同義句)
_________________________________________________________________
4、 We’d better put the rubbish in the bin.(劃線提問)
_________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1 You shouldn’t go to school on time. 2 You had better not get here early.
3. You had better dress neatly 4. Where should we put the rubbish?
二、單選
( )1. This dictionary belongs to Rita. You ____________ it home without letting her know.
A. had better not to take B. shouldn’t take C. needn’t take D. shouldn’t be taking
( )2. This is a very important project，so you _______ plan it very carefully.
A. should B. will C. dare D. need
( )3. You had better ________ football near the street，it’s very dangerous.
A. not to play B. don’t play C. not play D. to not play
( )4. Our money is very limited， so you ___________ so much money on so dear a skirt.
A. shouldn’t spent B. shouldn’t be spending C. needn’t spent D. won’t spend
Keys: BACA
五、may的用法
1、can, could的用法
1. 表能力，意為“能、會”。
例：Can you play basketball? 你會打籃球么？
2. 表懷疑、猜測，常用于否定句和疑問句中。
例：He can’t be in the room. 他不可能在房間里。
3. 表請求或允許，多用于口語中，意為“可以”，相當(dāng)于may.
例：You can(may) go now. 你現(xiàn)在可以走了。
4. could是 can的過去式，可以表示過去的能力。
例：I can swim when I was seven years old.我七歲時(shí)就會游泳。
–Could I go to the movie this weekend, Dad?
-- Yes, you ______. But you have to come back before nine.
A. shall B. must C. need D. can
【答案】D
2、may的用法
1. 表推測，意為“可能，也許”，用于肯定句中。
He may come tomorrow. 他明天可能會來。
2.表請求、許可，意為“可以”。
例：May I borrow your book? 我可以借用你的書么？
注意：may表請求，用于主語為第一人稱的一般疑問句時(shí)，
其否定回答用mustn’t或can’t, 不用may not, 意為“不可以，不允許，禁止”。
例：--May I go now? 我現(xiàn)在可以走了么？
--No, you mustn’t. 不，不可以。
3. can 和may均可用來表示征求意見或允許，意為“可以”，一般可互換使用。
may 的基本用法就是表示請求時(shí)的“可以”和猜測時(shí)的“可能”，但要再次強(qiáng)調(diào)may 表示猜測時(shí)是可以用在肯定句、否定句中的。另外，may引起的一般疑問句，其回答需要注意：肯定回答可以使用may或者can都可以，但否定回答則不能用may not, 只能用can’t 或者mustn’t.
-- _____ I take the newspaper away?
--No, you mustn’t. You _____ read it only here.
A. Must, can B. May, can C. Need, must D. Must, must
【答案】B
【趁熱打鐵】
1. The man in the office ________ be Mr. Black, because he went home just now.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
2. John___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. may B. can C. has to D. must
3 —May I take this book out? —No, you___.
A. can't B. may not C. needn't D. aren't
4. —He___ be in the classroom, I think.
—No, he ___ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.
A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; can't D. may; mustn't
5. ___ I take this one?
A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do
CAACA
六、動詞不定式的用法
1、動詞不定式作賓語
一些動詞，如want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare,等，常接動詞不定式作賓語。當(dāng)動詞不定式作賓語時(shí)，如果后接賓語補(bǔ)足語，常用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之后。應(yīng)注意有些動詞后面可接不定式作賓語，也可接動名詞作賓語，但所表達(dá)的意義不同。
常見的有：（1）stop to do sth.停止正在做的事，去做另一件事；stop doing sth. .停止正在做的事
（2）go on to do sth. 做完一件事后，繼續(xù)做另一件事；go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事
（3）remember/forget to do sth.記住／忘記去做某事；remember/forget doing sth. 記得／忘記做過某事
有一些動詞后面后面是省略to的情況，如see, watch, look at, hear, make, let, help等。
?？荚~組：expect to do 期望做。 refuse to do 拒絕做。 plan to do計(jì)劃做。 decide to do 決定做。
agree to do 同意做。 learn to do 學(xué)會做。 hope to do 希望做。 prepare to do 準(zhǔn)備做。
want to do 想做。 choose to do 選擇做。 wait to do 等待做。wish to do 希望做。
2、動詞不定式作狀語
動詞不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動詞，表示目的，結(jié)果或原因。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，有時(shí)可以把動詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order或so as。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有too adj./adv. to dosth.等。
【趁熱打鐵】
1. It took half an hour _______(get) to the World Park from Kitty’s school.
2. It was interesting _______(see) so many places of interest from all over the world.
3. They want _______(save) time by using shorter words and phrases.
4. Kitty’s classmate Daniel taught himself how _______(make) a home page.
5. He put his photos on it for everyone _______(look) at.
6. Help him _______(put) the photos in the correct order.
7. He made the girl _______(cry) yesterday.
8. It’s time for class. Please stop _______(talk).
9. I’d like _______(go) to the Temple of Heaven.
Keys: 1. to get 2. to see 3. to save 4. to make 5. to look 6. (to)put 7. cry 8. talking 9. to go
七、句子結(jié)構(gòu)
簡單句的五個(gè)基本句型
主語 ＋ 不及物動詞 She came．/ My head aches.
主語 ＋ 及物動詞 ＋賓語 She likes English.
主語 ＋ 系動詞 ＋主語補(bǔ)語 She is happy．
主語 ＋ 雙賓動詞 ＋間接賓語 ＋直接賓語 She gave John a book．
She bought a book for me.
主語 ＋ 賓補(bǔ)動詞 ＋ 賓語 ＋ 賓語補(bǔ)語She makes her mother angry．
【趁熱打鐵】
1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．
7. ---I love you more than her，child． 8. Tees turn green when spring comes.
9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching www.rr365.com
13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song.
15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．16.We will make our school more beautiful.
17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．18. She showed us her many of her pictures.
19. The old man lives a lonely life.
20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.
1.主語 ＋ 系動詞 ＋ 表語 2.主語 ＋ 系動詞 ＋ 表語
3.主語 ＋動詞 ＋ 賓語 ＋ 賓語補(bǔ)足語 4.主語＋雙賓動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語
5.主語 ＋及物動詞 ＋賓語 6.主語 ＋動詞 ＋ 形式賓語it＋ 賓語補(bǔ)足語 賓語
7.主語 ＋及物動詞 ＋賓語 8.主語 ＋ 系動詞 ＋ 表語
9.主語 ＋動詞 ＋ 賓語 ＋ 賓語補(bǔ)足語 10.主語＋雙賓動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語
11.主語＋雙賓動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語 12主語 ＋及物動詞 ＋賓語
13.主語 ＋及物動詞 ＋賓語 14.主語 ＋動詞 ＋ 賓語 ＋ 賓語補(bǔ)足語
15.主語 ＋ 系動詞 ＋ 表語 16.主語 ＋動詞 ＋ 賓語 ＋ 賓語補(bǔ)足語
17.主語 ＋ 系動詞 ＋ 表語 18.主語＋雙賓動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語
19.主語 ＋ 不及物動詞 20.主語 ＋ 不及物動詞
八、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
(一）定義
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，是表示過去某個(gè)具體時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的事情或動作。
（二）結(jié)構(gòu)
was/were doing (現(xiàn)在分詞）
（三）用法
1、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動作或者事情。常用的時(shí)間狀語this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如：
?。?）We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我們在看電視。
?。?）What was he researching all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在研究什么？
2. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語、副詞或從句來表示。如： What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?
昨天晚上九點(diǎn)她在做什么？ (介詞短語表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))
When I saw him he was decorating his room.
當(dāng)我看見他的時(shí)候他正在裝飾房間。 (when從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))
3. 在復(fù)合句中，如果主要動作和背景動作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么主從句的動詞都可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：
While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
他邊等車邊看報(bào)。 (兩個(gè)動作都是延續(xù)的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.
他擦車時(shí)我在做飯。(兩個(gè)動作同時(shí)進(jìn)行)
4、表示在過去即將發(fā)生的動作。如：
She asked him whether he was coming back for supper.
5、表示過去的反復(fù)性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與副詞always,constantly,continually,frequently等連用，常常帶有說話人的某種感情色彩。如：
His mother was always working like that.他目前總是那樣工作。
6. 通常不能用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的動詞主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(擁有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。
（四）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別
（1）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)，兩者都表示過去發(fā)生的動作,但過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一特定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動作,而一般過去時(shí)表示在過去時(shí)間完成的動作?例如:
I was typing a letter last night. 昨晚我在打一封信?(可能沒打完)
I typed some letters last night. 我昨晚打了一些信?(已經(jīng)打完)
A. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動作在持續(xù)或未完成，而一般過時(shí)往往表示某一動作已經(jīng)完成。
I was reading the book at that time. (未讀完，“讀”的片段)
I read the book yesterday. (已讀完，表整個(gè)“讀”)
B、一般過去時(shí)表示只做一次動作，而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動作反復(fù)地進(jìn)行。
She waved to me. 她朝我揮了揮手。
It was raining all night.(優(yōu)先用was raining ,rained 為持續(xù)動詞，故也可使用)
He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暫動詞與持續(xù)時(shí)間連用，表反復(fù)，連續(xù)發(fā)生，不可用一般過去時(shí))
【趁熱打鐵】
1. I ______ a meal when you _____ me.
a. cooked, were ringing b. was cooking, rang c. was cooking, were ringing d. cooked, rang
2. He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.
a. tries b. tried c. was trying d. will try
3. While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.
a. was watching, was hearing b. watched, was hearing c. watched, heard d. was watching, heard
4. They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.
a. were watching b. watch c. watched d. are watching
5. What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon?
a. did, read, was seeing b. did, read, saw c. were, reading, saw d. were, reading, was seeing
6. It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _____ ready to fly to England.
a. are getting b. get c. were getting d. got
7. Lei Feng _____ always _____ of others when he ______ in the army.
a. is, thinking, was b. was, thinking, is c. did, think, is d. was, thinking, was
8. A girl ______ my pen fall off the table when she _____ me.
a. saw, passed b. was seeing, passed c. was seeing, passed d. was seeing, was passing
9. We ____ for tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us ______.
a. were waiting, waiting b. were waiting, wait c. waited, waiting d. waited, wait
10. He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.
a. helps b. would help c. was helping d. is helping
1-5 BCDAC 6-10 CDAAC |
語8A期末語法復(fù)習(xí)資料
