1.雅思學(xué)術(shù)類考試適用性目前全球超過(guò)10,000所機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)可雅思成績(jī),包括英國(guó),澳大利亞,新西蘭,美國(guó),加拿大,荷蘭,法國(guó),德國(guó),瑞士,瑞典,新加坡,香港,馬來(lái)西亞,日本,南非等。并且近幾年,美國(guó)也有越來(lái)越多的院校認(rèn)可雅思成績(jī)。截止到2017年10月,雅思官方網(wǎng)站統(tǒng)計(jì)了認(rèn)可雅思成績(jī)的美國(guó)院校近3500所。下表例舉了受中國(guó)考生青睞的五所美國(guó)頂尖大學(xué)的雅思要求: 2.近兩年中國(guó)大陸學(xué)生雅思考試成績(jī)匯總和分析2015年全球雅思學(xué)術(shù)類考試學(xué)生成績(jī)匯總和排名 根據(jù)上表數(shù)據(jù),中國(guó)大陸以總成績(jī)5.7位居世界第33名;與2014年相比,總排名下降了4名,與同年排名第一的德國(guó)(7.3分)差距較大;相比較而言,其他亞洲國(guó)家如韓國(guó),日本,越南和泰國(guó)平均成績(jī)排名均比中國(guó)大陸平均成績(jī)排名靠前,與這些國(guó)家相比,中國(guó)大陸考生的雅思口語(yǔ)和寫作考試成績(jī)拉低了平均成績(jī),均分都沒(méi)有超過(guò)5.5分。同時(shí)值得一提的是中國(guó)大陸學(xué)生從2012年到2016年雅思成績(jī)平均分?jǐn)?shù)取得了近0.1分的提升,但口語(yǔ)和寫作成績(jī)的進(jìn)步較小,依然停留在均分5.5以下。如下表所示: 中國(guó)大陸學(xué)生雅思學(xué)術(shù)類考試近5年分?jǐn)?shù)比較 與此同時(shí)雅思官方統(tǒng)計(jì)出了入圍QS 世界大學(xué)排名前500名的中國(guó)大陸高等院校雅思考試總成績(jī)。從入圍QS世界大學(xué)排名前500名的21所中國(guó)高校對(duì)比來(lái)看,有17所大陸高校雅思平均成績(jī)高于6.0分,低于6.5分,其中排名第一的復(fù)旦大學(xué)平均成績(jī)?yōu)?.45分。 雅思官方數(shù)據(jù)同樣統(tǒng)計(jì)了這幾所高校的單項(xiàng)成績(jī),由表格數(shù)據(jù)可以看出,中國(guó)高校考生展示出了較硬的閱讀和聽(tīng)力能力,而口語(yǔ)和寫作的平均成績(jī)較拖后腿,如下表數(shù)據(jù)所示。 基于以上對(duì)近兩年來(lái)中國(guó)大陸雅思考生的成績(jī)分析,這篇文章針對(duì)中國(guó)雅思考生的最短板科目口語(yǔ)和寫作進(jìn)行2017年年度盤點(diǎn)總結(jié)和提出相應(yīng)備考建議。 2017年雅思口語(yǔ)年度盤點(diǎn)雅思口語(yǔ)考試總時(shí)長(zhǎng)是11到14分鐘,包括三部分:第一部分是Answer Questions(回答問(wèn)題) (總時(shí)長(zhǎng)4到5分鐘),主要內(nèi)容與日常生活相關(guān);第二部分是The Long Run(個(gè)人描述),考生會(huì)發(fā)到一張?jiān)掝}卡,一分鐘準(zhǔn)備,一到兩分鐘描述,主要描述對(duì)象包括人,地,事,物(總時(shí)長(zhǎng)3到4分鐘);第三部分形式也是Answer Questions, 但主要是由第二部的話題描述衍生出的社會(huì)問(wèn)題的討論,3到4個(gè)問(wèn)題(總時(shí)長(zhǎng)4到5分鐘)。 1.2017年雅思口語(yǔ)考試第一部分 回顧2017年雅思口語(yǔ)考試,第一部分仍舊保留了之前幾年的高頻話題,其中包括: 同時(shí)也衍生出了一些相似的較新話題,包括:snacks (小吃),camping (野營(yíng)),maths (數(shù)學(xué)),dreams (夢(mèng)),shoes(鞋)。 ?Snacks ?Camping ?Maths ?Shoes 由此可見(jiàn),考生不必對(duì)新話題過(guò)分恐慌,平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)多注意表達(dá)思路的拓展和練習(xí)鞏固,以及對(duì)話題詞匯的輸入儲(chǔ)備和輸出訓(xùn)練,便可以以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變。針對(duì)雅思口語(yǔ)考試第一部分,建議考生,第一:聽(tīng)清聽(tīng)懂考官的問(wèn)題,及時(shí)自然做到應(yīng)答;如果沒(méi)有聽(tīng)懂題目,可以讓考官重復(fù)問(wèn)題,例如“Could you repeat the question, please?”,不會(huì)影響到分?jǐn)?shù);第二:在直接回答問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)上,做到兩到三句拓展,例如解釋原因或舉例說(shuō)明,不宜過(guò)長(zhǎng),盡量用話題相關(guān)的詞匯(topic vocabulary)進(jìn)行拓展說(shuō)明,用連接詞將句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系連接起來(lái)。 2.2017年雅思口語(yǔ)考試第二部分 與第一部分相似,雅思口語(yǔ)考試的第二部分依舊保留了之前的一些常規(guī)考題,例如: 1.Describe a person who helped you in your studies or work. 2.Describe someone who said positive comments to you 3.Describe a happily married couple 4.Describe a group of people who made you smile 5.Describe a person you admire who is not from your country. 6.Describe a disagreement with a decision that someone made 7.Describe a good news about a person you know well. 8.Describe an occasion you helped someone 9.Describe something you planned to do but haven’t done yet. 10.Describe a time you were happy to have a mobile phone 11 Describe an English lesson 12.Describe a conversation with someone you don’t know 13.Describe a car journey. 14.Describe your ideal home. 15.Describe a place you visited as a child. 16.Describe a piece of art. 17.Describe a special cake. 18.Describe a time you teamed up with an old person 19.Describe something you got for free 20.Describe a big company/organization near year. 在原有常規(guī)題目的基礎(chǔ)上,考生也遇到了一些較新話題,參考如下: 1.Describe an occasion you received a good service from a company or shop. 2.Describe a beautiful person that you know. 3.Describe a holiday you recently had. 4.Describe a place where you can learn. 建議考生在備考時(shí),加強(qiáng)對(duì)話題關(guān)聯(lián)性的總結(jié)。例如Describe a positive experience that you had as a teenager; Describe a place where you can learn; Describe a journey; Describe a holiday you recently had等話題皆可以在同一個(gè)核心主題“旅游”的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合卡片(cue card)上的具體問(wèn)題進(jìn)行拓展描述,從而減輕備考負(fù)擔(dān)。同時(shí)在第二部分,考生需要加強(qiáng)對(duì)話題詞匯的積累和運(yùn)用,例如與旅游話題相關(guān)的guided tour(有導(dǎo)游安排的旅行);book ahead of time (提前預(yù)定);holiday resort(度假勝地);exotic environment(異域風(fēng)情)等。同時(shí),在平時(shí)備考訓(xùn)練中,建議考生多做計(jì)時(shí)??季毩?xí),避免在考試時(shí)無(wú)法充分描述到1到2分鐘。 就討論的旅游和地點(diǎn)話題附雅思考官Simon的高分范文作為參考: I’m going to describe the best known river in England, the river Thames. The river Thames is in the south of England, and it is famous because it flows right through the centre of London. It goes winding through all of the most iconic, famous tourist attractions and landmarks of the city. For example, it goes past the London Eye, the Houses of Parliament, with Big Ben, and it goes under Tower Bridge, probably the most famous bridge in London. So the land around this river, or on either side of this river is hectic, thriving, city-centre London. It ‘s right in the heart of the city, and of course it’s a cosmopolitan mix of cultures, business, tourism all around. It is where everyone goes to do sightseeing in the centre of the capital, and it’s got a lot of the history and heritage of London based around that area, in close proximity to the river itself. The reason I like this river, the river Thames, is because it is such an iconic location. It’s a backdrop to these great landmarks of the city: the historic buildings and famous tourist sites in the city. And I’ve got good memories of being there on a New Year’s Eve one year recently. In London, New Year’s Eve celebrations are all focused on the river, with the river and some of the landmarks as the backdrop to a big fireworks show. And so the river’s all lit up, and there’s a spectacular fireworks display put on, and lots of tourists and local people all watch it there together. That was really an unforgettable experience, and the river was central to it. 3.2017年雅思口語(yǔ)考試第三部分 雅思口語(yǔ)考試的第三部分和第一部分考試形式較相似,均為考官問(wèn)問(wèn)題,考生回答。區(qū)別于第一部分,第三部分從內(nèi)容上,更側(cè)重于對(duì)社會(huì)問(wèn)題的辯證性討論,即具備批判性思維(critical thinking)。因此在備考時(shí),建議考生多從問(wèn)題形式著手,拓展表達(dá)思路和相應(yīng)句式。其中常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題形式(question types)有: a.觀點(diǎn)類 e.g. Do you think students should wear uniform in school? b.變化類 e.g. How may eating habits change in coming decades? c.對(duì)比類 e.g. Why do some people prefer listening to the news from the internet, while others prefer TV news? d.優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)分析 e.g. What are the benefits of playing a sport? e.問(wèn)題解決類 e.g. What are the usual ways to dispose of waste in your country? 綜上所述,在備考雅思口語(yǔ)考試第三部分時(shí),考生重點(diǎn)需要在表達(dá)句型,表達(dá)思路和表達(dá)方法這三方面進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練。 4.雅思口語(yǔ)考試的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和備考建議總結(jié) 雅思口語(yǔ)考試有四項(xiàng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):Fluency (流利程度);Vocabulary (詞匯);Grammar (語(yǔ)法); Pronunciation (發(fā)音),每一項(xiàng)各占25%。 由評(píng)分表可以看出,考生在備考上: 第一在流利程度方面,需要做到對(duì)話題熟悉,可以流利作答,訓(xùn)練表達(dá)思路,靈活應(yīng)對(duì)話題;第二在詞匯方面,需要加強(qiáng)話題相關(guān)詞匯,固定搭配和俚語(yǔ)的積累和輸出練習(xí);第三在語(yǔ)法方面,需要對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)和復(fù)合句式的正確使用;第四在發(fā)音方面,需要注意對(duì)連讀的處理,以及對(duì)語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)的潤(rùn)色。 2017雅思寫作年度盤點(diǎn)2017年全年46場(chǎng)雅思考試終于在本月16日結(jié)束,縱觀全年寫作考試題目,可以得出這樣的結(jié)論:小作文的地圖題出現(xiàn)更為頻繁,大作文的優(yōu)劣對(duì)比題型也更為突出,同時(shí)全年大作文題目仍然以重復(fù)舊題為主。 Task 1/小作文 1)題型變化 如上圖所示,表格題和柱狀圖依舊是IELTS最青睞的題型,其中柱狀圖以16場(chǎng)考試穩(wěn)占第一。雖然表格題今年仍出現(xiàn)了9場(chǎng),但與2016年度相比出現(xiàn)場(chǎng)次呈大幅下降。另外,餅圖的考試頻次無(wú)變化;同時(shí),估計(jì)官方認(rèn)為折線圖太簡(jiǎn)單了,全年只出現(xiàn)過(guò)3場(chǎng)。值得注意的是,流程圖和地圖共11場(chǎng),比去年多了7場(chǎng),并且在12個(gè)月中只有3個(gè)月里面沒(méi)有這兩種題型??荚嚤壤扇ツ甑?/10上升至1/4! 2)備考建議 針對(duì)2018年備考策略,首先對(duì)于圖表題中的動(dòng)態(tài)圖(即包含時(shí)間變化的圖),筆者始終認(rèn)為圖表作文的基礎(chǔ)在于折線圖,即描述趨勢(shì)(也包括各最值);然后熟悉柱狀、餅圖的描述——橫向和縱向比較。學(xué)習(xí)該部分內(nèi)容還是要重視基礎(chǔ)表達(dá)訓(xùn)練(例如常見(jiàn)的上升和下降的多樣表達(dá)),待沖刺階段時(shí)再重點(diǎn)突破高頻圖表。而靜態(tài)圖(不含時(shí)間變化的圖)數(shù)據(jù)偏繁雜,而且現(xiàn)在的雅思考試不再簡(jiǎn)單地出靜態(tài)圖,反而是動(dòng)態(tài),靜態(tài)圖結(jié)合考察,所以考生要注意獲取有效信息,突出重點(diǎn)信息。 對(duì)于地圖,考生首先需非常熟悉劍橋系列真題中的地圖題以及范文,熟悉掌握各種方位的表達(dá),并注意比較兩個(gè)圖before/after的變化。對(duì)于流程圖,信息量不會(huì)太多,但是難點(diǎn)在于怎么緊密銜接上下句,同時(shí)注意主動(dòng)/被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用。關(guān)于備考,烤鴨們不要再誤以為流程和地圖考試頻率低而大意。由于官方也很想反套路,預(yù)計(jì)明年這兩類作文的比例不會(huì)低。 Task 2/大作文 1)題型變化: 與2016年相比,題型比例變化不甚明顯,Agree/Disagree出現(xiàn)了18場(chǎng),占40%。今年Both Views和Report題型比例有所下降,反而Advantage/Disadvantage(優(yōu)劣勢(shì)討論)類題型比例增加。PS: 雅思寫作??碱}型分為4種,分別為: a)Agree/Disagree: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? b)Both Views: Discuss both views and give your opinion. c)Advantage/Disadvantage: Do the benefits outweigh the disadvantages? d)Report: XX. (一些現(xiàn)象或問(wèn)題) What are the reasons/effects/solutions? 2)話題變化 關(guān)于舊題重復(fù)率問(wèn)題,估計(jì)同學(xué)們看完這幅圖就崩潰了!全年46場(chǎng)考試中28場(chǎng)是原題照搬過(guò)去三年的舊題,其中2014年的原題占了19場(chǎng)。盡管官方多走了一步,勾兌了2015和2016年的題,也依然難掩其之懶惰。而從另一個(gè)側(cè)面可以看出,大作文的話題題庫(kù)相對(duì)固定,更有利于考生備考。 關(guān)于話題內(nèi)容變化,總的來(lái)說(shuō),2017的寫作題目符合雅思寫作一般話題的范圍,仍然以社會(huì)類為主。寫作題目中社會(huì)類話題(包括:政府、城市建設(shè)、政府資助、工作等話題)總共24場(chǎng),所占比例較大;教育類次之(10場(chǎng)),科技類(7場(chǎng)),剩下是其他話題。今年還考了一個(gè)關(guān)于小語(yǔ)種保護(hù)的“千年老題”。下面我們通過(guò)各類話題例題來(lái)看下一般的破題思路。(篇幅有限,只能列舉代表題目) 社會(huì)類例題: (CN 2017.01.21) The best way for governments to solve the problem of traffic congestion is to provide free public transport in 24 hours per day, and seven days a week. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (CN 2017.02.25) Some people think that government should spend money on looking for life on other planets, while other think it is a waste of money when some problems are not solved on the Earth. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (CN 2017.05.06) Some people believe that young people who commit serious crimes should be punished in the same way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 教育類例題: (CN 2017.01.07) Art classes, such as painting and drawing, are as important for children's development as other subjects, so they should be compulsory in high school. Do you agree or disagree? (CN 2017.03.25) In the past, the role of teacher was to provide information. Today, students have access to wide sources of information. There is, therefore, no role of teacher in modern education. Do you agree or disagree? (CN 2017.06.17) Some people think that a country benefit from a large proportion of young people university educated. Others think that sending young people to universities leads to graduate unemployment. Discuss both views and your opinion. 科技類例題: (CN 2017.02.18) Some people think that the development of technology has made our life more complex, and the solution is to live a simpler life without that technology. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (CN 2017.03.30) In the past, people stored knowledge in the books. Nowadays, it is stored on the Internet. Do the benefits outweigh the drawbacks? (CN 2017.08.12) Some people have benefited from modern communication technology, but some people have not benefited from it at all. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 3)備考建議 從以上題型變化和話題變化2部分內(nèi)容中,我們可以怎么做才能更高效備考2018年的雅思寫作呢?首先,題型上來(lái)說(shuō),2018年的題目仍然會(huì)以Agree/Disagree題型為主??忌⒁獯祟愵}目要注意避免簡(jiǎn)單一邊倒——例如,對(duì)于“(CN 2017.05.06)Some people believe that young people who commit serious crimes should be punished in the same way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree? ”這道題,假設(shè)考生同意該觀點(diǎn),寫出2個(gè)分論點(diǎn)之后要加上對(duì)于反面的讓步和反駁論述(讓步:部分青年人會(huì)受到過(guò)重判罰;反駁:但是嚴(yán)重罪行對(duì)于社會(huì)的危害很大,像成年人去判罰更警醒青年人避免犯嚴(yán)重罪行,畢竟預(yù)防危害才是更有效的治理方法。),這樣會(huì)更符合評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中Task Response中對(duì)于“addresses all parts of the task”(7.0分)的要求。 然后,因?yàn)閺膬?nèi)容上來(lái)說(shuō),社會(huì)類題目一直都很???,所以建議考生要重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)2014-2017年社會(huì)類真題的解題思路。該類題目一般包含“政府和公民”2大主體,所以思考的時(shí)候建議也從這2個(gè)角度去思考。最后,建議考生一定要按照老師所給的真題匯總?cè)タ偨Y(jié)一般思路以及對(duì)應(yīng)表達(dá),為什么這點(diǎn)非常重要?首先評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中對(duì)于Coherence and Cohesion的要求是這樣的:“l(fā)ogically organises information and ideas; there is clear progression throughout”(7.0分)—— 老師課上能帶著你去把一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)講清楚,避免跳躍或者含糊不清。例如“(CN 2017.06.17)Some people think that a country benefit from a large proportion of young people university educated. Others think that sending young people to universities leads to graduate unemployment. Discuss both views and your opinion. ”這道題,對(duì)于第2個(gè)方面的解釋,很多學(xué)生直接說(shuō):“學(xué)生畢業(yè)出來(lái),工作很難找,所以降低就業(yè)率”。但是,這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)其實(shí)沒(méi)有講清楚“為什么會(huì)難找工作”——可以這么來(lái)修改:某些學(xué)生在大學(xué)所學(xué)專業(yè)不能夠?qū)蝇F(xiàn)在社會(huì)所需要的人才,而且這些學(xué)生也不夠努力去學(xué)習(xí)必須的工作技能,所以企業(yè)不給她們工作offer,所以社會(huì)就業(yè)率下降。 總結(jié)2017年大陸雅思寫作總體難度穩(wěn)定,雖然題型出現(xiàn)小變化,不過(guò)沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)大的變動(dòng),大作文真題仍然以重復(fù)舊題為主。小作文部分請(qǐng)注意復(fù)習(xí)地圖題的寫法,大作文部分仍然要以近幾年的真題為練習(xí)材料,同時(shí)仍然要熟悉各話題的常規(guī)思路,尤其是社會(huì)類,教育類和科技類。 |
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來(lái)自: 昵稱48535789 > 《待分類》