情態(tài)動詞在中考英語中是相對簡單的語法點,搞清楚今天文章里講的就足夠應(yīng)對啦!趕緊學(xué)起來喲! 易錯知識點清單 1. can與be able to can和be able to表示能力時用法相同,但can只有原形和過去式(could)兩種形式,在其他時態(tài)中要用be able to來表示。另外be able to常常指經(jīng)過努力,花費了時間和勞力之后才能做到某事。如: Jim can''t speak English.吉姆不會說英語。 He could speak English at 5.他五歲時就會說英語。 We''ll be able to see him next week.下星期我們將會見到他。 2. can與may (1) can和may均可用來征求意見或許可,意為“可以”,一般可互換使用。如: Can/ May I help you?我能幫助你嗎? (2) can和may表示可能性時的區(qū)別: 1)在肯定句中用might,may,must,不用can; 2)在疑問句中表示推測用can,不用might,may,must; 3)在否定句中用can''t(不可能),不用may,must。 如: She may be in the classroom.她可能在教室里。 Where can they be now?他們現(xiàn)在可能在哪兒? That can''t be true.那不可能是真的。 3. may be與maybe may be中的may為情態(tài)動詞, be為動詞原形,在句中作謂語。而maybe是副詞,意思是“大概、也許”,相當(dāng)于perhaps,常放在句首,作狀語。如: He may be wrong,but I''m not sure. 也許他錯了,但我也不確定。 Maybe she''ll come this afternoon. 她可能今天下午來。 4. can''t與mustn''t (1) can''t 根據(jù)其基本用法可譯為”不會、不能“。如: I can''t speak English.我不會說英語。 We can''t do it now because it''s too dark. 天太黑了,我們現(xiàn)在不能干了。 (2) can''t在否定句中表示推測,意思是“不可能”。如: The man can''t be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher.那個人不可能是咱們老師,他年輕得多。 (3) mustn''t 意為“ 禁止、不許”,用來表達命令,表示強烈的語氣。 如: You mustn''t play football in the street. It''s too dangerous. 你不可以在街上踢足球,太危險了。 5. must與have to must側(cè)重于個人意志和主觀上的必要。have to側(cè)重于客觀上的必要,如: I know I must study hard.我知道我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。 My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厲害,我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。 I don''t have any money with me,so I''ll have to borrow some from my friend.我身上沒帶錢,只好向朋友借點了。 提分策略 隨著中考試卷越來越重視情境性和交際性,情態(tài)動詞也就成了中考的熱點。中考??嫉闹R點有:推測可能性、請求允許等。題型以選擇題為主。解題時,要注意以下方面: 1. 根據(jù)句子語氣選擇情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)動詞表示說話人的語氣和情感,所以在解答情態(tài)動詞有關(guān)的單選題時,一定要注意說話人的語氣,要結(jié)合具體的語境來分析和判斷。 【例1】(2014·貴州銅仁·30)—Must I water the flowers now,mum? —No,you . You do it later. A. mustn''t. must B. mustn''t,may C. needn''t,may D. needn''t,must 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。以must開頭的一般疑問句,否定答語常用needn''t,表示“不必要”,所以排除A、B兩項。應(yīng)答句后面一句語氣委婉,應(yīng)該用情態(tài)動詞may。故選C。 【答案】C 【例2】(2013·湖南邵陽·27)—Must I hand it in today? —No,you . You can do it tomorrow. A. mustn''t B. can''t C. needn''t 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。以must開頭的一般疑問句,否定答語常用needn''t,表示“不必要”。故選C。 【答案】C 【例3】(2013·湖北孝感·30)—Look at the young lady in red. Is it Mrs King? —No,it be her. She is wearing a white dress today. A. can B. may C. must D. can''t 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。may表示不確定的推測,譯為“可能”,談?wù)摽赡苄?而can 作“可以”講,表示允許;作“能夠”講,表示一種與生俱來的能力;must則是肯定而有把握的推測;can''t意為“不能,不可能”,常用于否定而有把握的推測,由題意可知答案選D。 【答案】D 2. 根據(jù)語境選擇情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)動詞在不同的語境中表示不同的含義,所以解題時要根據(jù)具體語境分析句子的意思,選用正確的情態(tài)動詞。 【例1】(2014·浙江寧波·26)— you leave now? You only arrived here an hour ago. 一Sorry,but so much homework is waiting for me. A. May B. Must C. Can D. Might 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。may可以,可能;must必須;can可以,能夠;might可能。句意:你現(xiàn)在必須走嗎?你才到了一個小時。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選B。 【答案】B 【例2】(2013·浙江義烏·18)—Mum,can I finish the work tomorrow? —No,you finish it today. Don''t put off today''s work till tomorrow. A. may B. can C. might D. must 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。A項表示“可能,也許”,B項表示“能、會”,C項“may的婉轉(zhuǎn)形式或其過去式”,D項表示“必須”。根據(jù)句意:“——媽媽,我能明天完成工作嗎?——不,你必須今天完成。不能把今天的事拖到明天?!笨芍绢}選D。 【答案】D 專項訓(xùn)練 1. (2014·江蘇揚州·6)—David,is that man your Chinese teacher? —It be him. He''s having a meeting. A. mustn''t B. can''t C. needn''t D. won''t 2. (2014·山東濟南·32)Miss Hu''s bicycle is blue. So the red one be hers. A. could B. can''t C. must D. might 3. (2014·上海奉賢區(qū)·40)—How often do I need to feed the birds? —They food every day,or they will be hungry. A. must give B. mustn''t give C. must be given D. mustn''t be given 4. (2013·天津)—Excuse me,when are we going to have a picnic? —I''m not sure. Ask our monitor. He know. A. need B. can C. may D. shall 5. (2013·江蘇南京)The lady in this photo be over fifty! She looks so young! A. mustn''t B. must C. can''t D. can 6. (2013·山東濟南)—I hear you''ve got a new iPhone 4S. I have a look? —Yes,certainly. A. May B. Do C. Shall D. Should 7. (2013·浙江杭州)—Have you decided which senior high school to choose? —Not yet. I go to Moonlight School. A. must B. may C. need D. should 8. (2013·河北)—Must we wear our school uniform this afternoon? —No,you . All of us will go on an outing. A. mustn''t B. can''t C. needn''t D. couldn''t 9. (2013·安徽)—Dad,must I practice the piano today? —No,you . You may do it tomorrow. A. needn''t B. mustn''t C. shouldn''t D. can''t 10. (2013·湖南長沙)—You be happy with the strong public support you''ve received. —Yes,you''re right. I''m really excited. A. may B. can C. must D. need 11. (2013·湖北武漢)—Shall we take a taxi? —No,we . It''s not far from here. A. can''t B. mustn''t C. shouldn''t D. needn''t 12. (2013·陜西)— I do the laundry first? —No,you . You can do your homework first. A. Must;mustn''t B. Can;mustn''t C. Must;needn''t D. May;needn''t 13. (2013·遼寧)School students smoke because it is against the school rules. A. needn''t B. couldn''t C. won''t D. mustn''t 【答案與解析】 1. B 解析:考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。由應(yīng)答句“He''s having a meeting.”判斷,前面一句表示可能性,所以排除A、C、D三項。故選B。 2. B 解析:考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。由前面一句“胡老師的自行車是藍色的”判斷,紅色的那一輛不可能是她的,應(yīng)該用can''t表示不可能。故選B。 3. C 解析:考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。應(yīng)答句中的主語是動作的承受者,應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài),所以排除A、B、D三項。故選C。 4. C 解析:考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。由I''m not sure. Ask our monitor, please. “我不清楚,問問我們班長吧”可知答案選C項,意為“也許”,表猜測。 5. C 解析:考查情態(tài)動詞用法。由She looks so young!“她看起來這么年輕啊!”可知答案選C項,意為“不可能”。 6. A 解析:考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。由上下文可知聽說對方買了一部新手機,所以想一睹為快,故答案選A項,意為“可以”,表請求或許可。 7. B 解析:考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。由上文可知還沒有決定上哪一所學(xué)校,故答案選B項,意為“也許”,表猜測。 8. C 解析:考查情態(tài)動詞的否定回答。must的否定回答是needn''t,故答案選C項。 9. A 解析:考查情態(tài)動詞的否定回答。must的否定回答是needn''t,故答案選A項。 10. C 解析:由Yes, you''re right. I''m really excited.“是的,我確實很激動。”可知答案選C項,意為“一定”,表猜測。 11. D 解析:考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。由It''s not far from here.“離這兒不遠?!笨赏浦獩]必要乘出租,故答案選D項,意為“不必”。 12. C 解析:考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。由You can do your homework first.“你可以先做作業(yè)”可推知不必先洗衣服,故答案選C項。must的否定回答用needn''t。 13. D 解析:考查情態(tài)動詞否定式的詞意辨析。由because it is against the school rules“因為這是違反學(xué)校規(guī)定的”可知答案選D項,意為“不應(yīng)該、不準(zhǔn)、不允許”。 |
|