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初中英語代詞的用法（人稱代詞-1） 代詞: 代換名詞、形容詞等詞語的詞 一．人稱代詞 1. 形式 人稱代詞的五種基本形式： 人稱 單復(fù)數(shù) 主 格 賓 格 形容詞性 物主代詞 名詞性 物主代詞 反身代詞 第一 人稱 單 數(shù) I me my mine myself 復(fù) 數(shù) we us our ours ourselves 第二 人稱 單 數(shù) you you your yours yourself 復(fù) 數(shù) you you your yours yourselves 第三 人稱 單 數(shù) he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 復(fù) 數(shù) they them their theirs themselves 2. 人稱代詞的基本用法： 主格：用作句子的主語,放在動詞前（疑問句式放在特殊動詞后）； e.g She lives in Toronto, Canada. Does he speak English? 賓格：用作句子的賓語,放在動詞或介詞后； e.g Yesterday my mother bought me a new bike. I usually go to movies with her on weekends. 形容詞性物主代詞：用作句子的定語,之后必須帶名詞； e.g This is my book. That’s his book. 名詞性物主代詞：相當(dāng)于一個名詞詞組,之后不能帶名詞（其代換的名詞需在前文中出現(xiàn)）； e.g His book is much newer than mine(= my book). 反身代詞：一般放在動詞后,要求同主語人稱一致. e.g She teaches herself English. 初中英語代詞的用法（人稱代詞-2） 考點(diǎn)要求 1. 人稱代詞填空時的方法（步驟）--四步推斷法確定應(yīng)用形式 第一步：看其后是否有名詞,如有則用形容詞性物主代詞,如無則考慮其余形式； e.g Where does ____ friend come from? A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours 答案為B.因?yàn)樗竺鎺в忻~friend. 注意：如其后的名詞為雙賓語中的間接賓語,名詞前用賓格. e.g Mr. Smith teaches us English. 第二步：看其是否代換了名詞詞組,如是則用名詞性物主代詞,如不是則考慮其余三個； e.g This isn’t my pen. _____ is in my pencil case. A. I B. Me C. My D. Mine 答案為D.因?yàn)樵诖怂鷵Q了my pen. 第三步：看其是否在動詞前,如在動詞前,則用主格,如在動詞后,則考慮剩下的兩個； e.g Nancy is mach fatter than _____ am. A. I B. me C. my D. myself 答案為A.因?yàn)樗挥趧釉~am前作主語. 第四步：如在動詞后,應(yīng)考慮其是否同主語人稱一致,如一致則用反身代詞,如不一致則用賓格. e.g Nobody teaches _____ English. She teaches _____. A. her; her B. herself; herself C. her; herself D. herself; her 答案為C.因?yàn)樗鼈兌嘉挥趧釉~teaches后作賓語；其中第一空同主語人稱不一致,使用賓格,第二空同主語人稱一致,使用反身代詞. 2. 幾個人稱代詞連用時的位置關(guān)系：幾個人稱代詞同時作某一成分時,應(yīng)將第二人稱放在最前面,而將第一人稱放最后. e.g You , he and I are good friends. These books are for you and me. 3. 名詞性物主代詞作主語時,主謂一致關(guān)系：名詞性物主代詞作主語時,其后的謂語動詞形式應(yīng)同它所代換的名詞形式保持一致. e.g My shoes are cheap. But his _____ expensive. A. is B. are C. be D. am 答案為B.因?yàn)榇藭r的his代換了his shoes,其代換的名詞為復(fù)數(shù),be用are. 4. 反身代詞的正確寫法（單復(fù)數(shù)的判斷）以及所屬關(guān)系的表示： （1）在使用反身代詞時,應(yīng)注意根據(jù)句中的某些詞語推斷其單復(fù)數(shù)形式,并注意其正確寫法. e.g Please help _____ to some cakes, children. A. you B. yourself C. yourselves D. your 答案為C.因?yàn)椤癶elp yourself to some…”是一個固定句式（意為“請隨便吃點(diǎn)……”）,我們可根據(jù)children認(rèn)定對象為復(fù)數(shù). （2）在說明“某人自己的”時,不能用反身代詞加所有格符號表示,而應(yīng)用“形容詞性物主代詞 own 名詞”表示. e.g 錯：He drove himself’s car to go camping last Sunday. 對：He drove his own car to go camping last Sunday. 5. 雙重所有格的使用：在“數(shù)詞 名詞 of 人稱代詞”這樣的詞組中,人稱代詞應(yīng)使用名詞性物主代詞,同of一起構(gòu)成雙重所有格形式. e.g 錯：Lucy is a good friend of me. 對：Lucy is a good friend of mine. 初中英語代詞的用法（復(fù)合不定代詞） 二、復(fù)合不定代詞 由some; any; no; every和body; thing; one構(gòu)成的合成詞 考點(diǎn)要求 1. 自身的意義以及對句式的要求：構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞的兩個部分分別表示不同的意義和對句式的要求以及考慮其表人還是表物. body用來表人；thing用來表物；one既可表人也可表物. some表示“某”,用于肯定陳述句或用情態(tài)動詞引導(dǎo)的問句中； any表示“某”,用于否定句或問句； no表示“沒有”,用于肯定句說明否定意義； every表示“每一”,用于肯定句或問句. 2. 主謂一致性關(guān)系：復(fù)合不定代詞任何時候都看為單數(shù),作主語時,謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式. e.g 錯：Everybody in our class are interested in English. 對：Everybody in our class is interested in English. 3. 定語后置關(guān)系：對復(fù)合不定代詞進(jìn)行修飾的詞語必須后置放在它的后面. e.g 錯：I have important something to tell you. 對：I have something important to tell you. 4. none和其它復(fù)合不定代詞的用法區(qū)別：none在句中不能單獨(dú)作主語,但可同of連用帶名詞一起作主語；其它復(fù)合不定代詞可單獨(dú)作主語,但不能同of連用. e.g 錯：He is new here, so none knows him. 對：He is new here, so no one knows him. 錯：Nobody of them has been to England before. 對：None of them has been to England before.. 5. 代換復(fù)合不定代詞的人稱代詞：在使用人稱代詞代換復(fù)合不定代詞時,應(yīng)考慮其表人還是表物,表人時,用they代換,表物時,用it代換. e.g Something is wrong with your computer, isn’t it? Nobody has been there before, have they? 初中英語代詞的用法(不定代詞） 三．不定代詞 用于代換上文中可數(shù)名詞的all, both, each, either, none, neither ( every)等表示不定概念的詞語 考點(diǎn)要求 1. 考慮表示“兩者”還是“兩者以上”：選用不定代詞時,首先應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文的關(guān)聯(lián)以及句中某個關(guān)鍵詞語對不定代詞的限制,考慮其說明“兩者”還是“兩者以上”的人或物. 如說明“兩者”,選用both、either、each或neither. 如說明“兩者以上”,選用all、（every）、each或none. e.g. The twin sisters are both good at math. None of the students in our class wants to go there. 2. 考慮表示肯定還是否定：選用不定代詞時,還應(yīng)根據(jù)句子意義考慮應(yīng)該使用表肯定的詞語還是表否定的詞語. 如說明肯定,使用all、both、either、each或（every）. 如說明否定,使用neither或none. e.g. None of us wants more because we are all full. 3. 考慮作限定詞使用時同名詞的關(guān)系：除none以外的不定代詞都可用作限定詞,其后所帶的名詞應(yīng)考慮使用適當(dāng)?shù)男问? all可帶復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；both只能帶復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；either、neither、each、every只能帶單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞.不定代詞作限定詞使用時,用來表示總量關(guān)系,為前位限定詞,應(yīng)放在整個名詞詞組的最前面,其中all、both可同中位限定詞和數(shù)詞連用,但either、neither、each、every作限定詞時,同其余限定詞相排斥. e.g All the students in our class are going to take part in the sports meeting. Every boy in our class is going swimming this afternoon. 4. 考慮作主語時主謂一致性關(guān)系：不定代詞作主語時,應(yīng)考慮其說明單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),以便確定謂語動詞是否應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式（-s形式）以及be動詞使用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù). both和all作主語時,看作復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞不用-s形式,be動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式； either、each、neither單獨(dú)作主語時,看作單數(shù),謂語動詞用-s形式,be動詞用單數(shù)形式； either、each、neither、none同of一起構(gòu)成詞組作主語時,如of后帶人稱代詞,一般將其看為單數(shù),如of后帶復(fù)數(shù)名詞,既可看為單數(shù),也可看作復(fù)數(shù)（初中英語中?？醋鲉螖?shù)）. e.g All of the students are going hiking next weekend. Both of the twin brothers have been there several times. None of them is going to the movie tonight. Neither of the boys is / are going to watch the football match this afternoon. 5、不定代詞作同位語時的位置關(guān)系：不定代詞作主語同位語時,應(yīng)放在謂語動詞前,特殊動詞（情態(tài)動詞、助動詞）后；作賓語同位語時,應(yīng)緊跟在賓語后. e.g The students all went to the movie except Mike. We will all go to Beijing for vacation this summer. It’s necessary for us all to learn English well. Then mix it all up. 初中英語代詞的用法(other的用法） 四、other的用法：other, another, others, the other, the others的用法區(qū)別. 四、other的用法：other, another, others, the other, the others的用法區(qū)別 基本用法 other：形容詞,其后可帶復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如帶單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,其前應(yīng)加上適當(dāng)?shù)南薅ㄔ~； another：限定詞,其后帶單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；代詞,代換上文中提及的可數(shù)名詞（單數(shù),泛指）； the other：限定詞,其后可帶名詞；代詞,代換上文中提及的可數(shù)名詞（單數(shù),定指）； others：代詞,其后不能帶名詞,代換上文中提及的可數(shù)名詞（復(fù)數(shù),泛指）； the others：代詞,其后不能帶名詞,代換上文中提及的可數(shù)名詞（復(fù)數(shù),定指）； 注意：限定詞同名詞之間只能使用other. 考點(diǎn)要求 注意兩個句式、一個搭配和兩個區(qū)別 1、兩個句式的用法 （1）One … the other … 一個 …… 另一個 注意：使用該句式時,其前應(yīng)出現(xiàn)說明具體數(shù)量的數(shù)詞two；如出現(xiàn)的數(shù)詞大于two,one可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況調(diào)整成其它數(shù)詞；如出現(xiàn)的數(shù)詞減去one或調(diào)整后的數(shù)詞后仍大于“1”時,the other應(yīng)變?yōu)閠he others或“the other 數(shù)詞”（兩個數(shù)詞相加應(yīng)等于所給數(shù)詞）. e.g There are two apples here. One is for you, the other is for your sister. There are five apples here. Two are for you, the others are for your sister. There are five apples here. Two are for you, the other three are for your sister. （2）Some … others … 一些 …… 另一些 注意：使用該句式時,其前應(yīng)出現(xiàn)說明不定數(shù)量的詞語；如出現(xiàn)說明具體數(shù)量的數(shù)詞,others前應(yīng)加上the. e.g There are many people on the beach. Some are swimming, others are enjoying the sun. Mrs. Smith bought 25 books. Some were for her daughter, the others were for her son. 2、一個搭配：any同other連用時應(yīng)注意之點(diǎn)： Any others：any同單一的other連用,other應(yīng)使用others； Any other 單數(shù)名詞：any后如還帶有名詞,用other,名詞用單數(shù)； Any of結(jié)構(gòu)：any of后的other前應(yīng)加the,如含名詞用other,名詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如不含名詞,用others. e.g Of all the cities in China, Shanghai is bigger than any others. Of all the cities in China, Shanghai is bigger than any other city. Of all the cities in China, Shanghai is bigger than any of the others. Of all the cities in China, Shanghai is bigger than any of the other cities. 3、兩個區(qū)別： （1）同數(shù)詞連用時another和more的區(qū)別 another用于數(shù)詞前,more用于數(shù)詞后. e.g To finish the work in time, we need another two men. To finish the work in time, we need two more men. （2）other和else的區(qū)別 Other用于名詞前；else用于wh-詞或復(fù)合不定代詞后,其后不能帶名詞. e.g What other animals do you like? Do you have anything else to tell us? What else did you buy last week? 4、初中英語中除上述情況外,一般都用another. e.g This pair of shoes doesn’t fit me. Please show me another pair. |
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