一步一步用 java 設(shè)計生成二維碼

在物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的時代，二維碼是個很重要的東西了，現(xiàn)在無論什么東西都要搞個二維碼標志，唯恐落伍，就差人沒有用二維碼識別了。也許有一天生分證或者戶口本都會用二維碼識別了。今天心血來潮，看見別人都為自己的博客添加了二維碼，我也想搞一個測試一下.

主要用來實現(xiàn)兩點：

1. 生成任意文字的二維碼.

2. 在二維碼的中間加入圖像.

一、準備工作。

準備QR二維碼3.0 版本的core包和一張jpg圖片。

下載QR二維碼包。

首先得下載 zxing.jar 包, 我這里用的是3.0 版本的core包

下載地址: 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)遷移到了github: https://github.com/zxing/zxing/wiki/Getting-Started-Developing,

當然你也可以從maven倉庫下載jar 包: http://central./maven2/com/google/zxing/core/

二、程序設(shè)計

 1、啟動eclipse，新建一個java項目，命好項目名（本例取名為QRCodeSoft）。點下一步：

2、導(dǎo)入zxing.jar 包, 我這里用的是3.0 版本的core包：點“添加外部JAR(X)…”。

3、新建兩個類，分別是：

BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java

QRCodeUtil.java

關(guān)鍵代碼在于：BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java 和QRCodeUtil.java , 其中測試的main 方法位于 QRCodeUtil.java 中。

BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java程序代碼：

package qrcodesoft;


import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;

public class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource {
    private final BufferedImage image;
    private final int left;
    private final int top;

    public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) {
        this(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());
    }

    public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left,
            int top, int width, int height) {
        super(width, height);

        int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
        int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
        if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "Crop rectangle does not fit within image data.");
        }

        for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++) {
            for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++) {
                if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000) == 0) {
                    image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF); // = white
                }
            }
        }

        this.image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight,
                BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
        this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
        this.left = left;
        this.top = top;
    }

   
    public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) {
        if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "Requested row is outside the image: " + y);
        }
        int width = getWidth();
        if (row == null || row.length < width) {
            row = new byte[width];
        }
        image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1, row);
        return row;
    }

   
    public byte[] getMatrix() {
        int width = getWidth();
        int height = getHeight();
        int area = width * height;
        byte[] matrix = new byte[area];
        image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix);
        return matrix;
    }

   
    public boolean isCropSupported() {
        return true;
    }

   
    public LuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) {
        return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this.left + left,
                this.top + top, width, height);
    }

   
    public boolean isRotateSupported() {
        return true;
    }

   
    public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() {
        int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
        int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
        AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0, 1.0,
                0.0, 0.0, sourceWidth);
        BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight,
                sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
        Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics();
        g.drawImage(image, transform, null);
        g.dispose();
        int width = getWidth();
        return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top,
                sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width);
    }
}

QRCodeUtil.java的程序代碼：

package qrcodesoft;


import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.Shape;
import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;
import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.Result;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;


public class QRCodeUtil {

    private static final String CHARSET = "utf-8";
    private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG";
    // 二維碼尺寸
    private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300;
    // LOGO寬度
    private static final int WIDTH = 60;
    // LOGO高度
    private static final int HEIGHT = 60;

    private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath,
            boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        Hashtable hints = new Hashtable();
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
        BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content,
                BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE, hints);
        int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
        int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
                BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
            for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
                image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000
                        : 0xFFFFFFFF);
            }
        }
        if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) {
            return image;
        }
        // 插入圖片
        QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress);
        return image;
    }

   
    private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath,
            boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        File file = new File(imgPath);
        if (!file.exists()) {
            System.err.println(""+imgPath+"   該文件不存在！");
            return;
        }
        Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
        int width = src.getWidth(null);
        int height = src.getHeight(null);
        if (needCompress) { // 壓縮LOGO
            if (width > WIDTH) {
                width = WIDTH;
            }
            if (height > HEIGHT) {
                height = HEIGHT;
            }
            Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height,
                    Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
            BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height,
                    BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
            Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();
            g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 繪制縮小后的圖
            g.dispose();
            src = image;
        }
        // 插入LOGO
        Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics();
        int x = (QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 2;
        int y = (QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 2;
        graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null);
        Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6);
        graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));
        graph.draw(shape);
        graph.dispose();
    }

   
    public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath,
            boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath,
                needCompress);
        mkdirs(destPath);
        String file = new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg";
        ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath+"/"+file));
    }

   
    public static void mkdirs(String destPath) {
        File file =new File(destPath);   
        //當文件夾不存在時，mkdirs會自動創(chuàng)建多層目錄，區(qū)別于mkdir．(mkdir如果父目錄不存在則會拋出異常)
        if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
            file.mkdirs();
        }
    }

   
    public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath)
            throws Exception {
        QRCodeUtil.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false);
    }

   
    public static void encode(String content, String destPath,
            boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, needCompress);
    }

   
    public static void encode(String content, String destPath) throws Exception {
        QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, false);
    }

   
    public static void encode(String content, String imgPath,
            OutputStream output, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath,
                needCompress);
        ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output);
    }

   
    public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output)
            throws Exception {
        QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, output, false);
    }

   
    public static String decode(File file) throws Exception {
        BufferedImage image;
        image = ImageIO.read(file);
        if (image == null) {
            return null;
        }
        BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(
                image);
        BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));
        Result result;
        Hashtable hints = new Hashtable();
        hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
        result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);
        String resultStr = result.getText();
        return resultStr;
    }

   
    public static String decode(String path) throws Exception {
        return QRCodeUtil.decode(new File(path));
    }
   
   
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String text = "http://www.";
        QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "d:/MyWorkDoc/my180.jpg", "d:/MyWorkDoc", true);
    }
   
}

生成不帶logo 的二維碼

程序代碼

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String text = "http://www.";
        QRCodeUtil.encode(text,"","d:/MyWorkDoc",true);

運行這個測試方法，生成的二維碼不帶 logo , 樣式如下:

java 生成二維碼" title="一步一步教你用 java 生成二維碼">

java 生成二維碼" title="一步一步教你用 java 生成二維碼">

有興趣可以用手機掃描一下

生成帶logo 的二維碼
logo 可以用自己的頭像，或者自己喜歡的一個圖片都可以 , 采用如下代碼

程序代碼

唯一的區(qū)別是，在前面的基礎(chǔ)上指定了logo 的地址，這里測試都用了c盤的圖片文件
java 生成二維碼" title="一步一步教你用 java 生成二維碼">

java 生成二維碼" title="一步一步教你用 java 生成二維碼">

用手機掃描，能出現(xiàn)要出現(xiàn)的文字，點擊就進入自己的網(wǎng)站，看起來還不錯， 整個源代碼，提供在下載測試:

java barcode sample