這是第二部分,第一部分點(diǎn)此:全國卷英語語法填空解題技巧(一) 高考英語語法填空解題技巧 文 | 劉軍 【三】 語法填空識(shí)記單詞: 1. appear:v.出現(xiàn) → (appearance)n.外貌;出現(xiàn) 2. give - gave - given 給 3. think - thought - thought 認(rèn)為
thought:n.思想,想法→(thoughtful)adj.深思的;體貼的 4. leave - left - (left)留下 5. close:adj.近的 → (closely) adv.近 6. tradition:n.傳統(tǒng) → (traditional) adj.傳統(tǒng)的
nutrition:n.營養(yǎng) → (nutritional) adj.有營養(yǎng)的
nature:n.自然 → (natural) adj. 自然的
person:n.個(gè)人 → (personal) adj.個(gè)人的→(personally)adv.就個(gè)人而言 7. happy:adj.高興的 → (happiness) n.幸福 → (happier) adj.更高興的 →(happier為happy的比較級(jí),be happy with ... 對(duì)...滿意) 8. color:n.顏色,彩色 → (colorful) adj.彩色的
care:n.護(hù)理 → (careful) adj.小心的 → (carefully) adv. 小心
use:n.用處 → (useful)adj.有用的
wonder:v.想知道;n.奇跡 → (wonderful)adj.精彩的→ (wonderfully) adv.極好地 9. luck:n.運(yùn)氣 →(lucky)adj.幸運(yùn)的 → (luckily) adv.幸運(yùn)的是 → (unluckily) adv.不幸運(yùn)的是(but提示) 10. fortune:n.運(yùn)氣 → (fortunately) adv.幸運(yùn)的是 →(misfortune)n.不幸 → (unfortunately) adv.不幸運(yùn)的是(but提示) 11. eat:v.吃 → (eating)(為eat的動(dòng)名詞) n.吃→ eat - ate - eaten 12. call:v.把...稱為 → (called) (為call的過去分詞) 13. grow - grew - grown 生長 → (growth) n.生長 14. especial:adj.尤其的,特殊的 → (especially) adv.尤其 15. sell - (sold) 賣; buy - (bought) 買 16. main:adj.主要的 → (mainly) adv.主要 17. educate:v.教育 → (education) n.教育 18. feel - (felt) 感到;fall - (fell) 落下 19. practice:v./n.練習(xí) → (practically) adv. 實(shí)際上 20. recover:v.恢復(fù) → (recovery) n.痊愈 21. survive:v.幸存 → (survival)n.幸存 → (survivor)n.幸存者 22. understand - understood - understood 理解 → (misunderstand) 誤解 23.(responsible) adj.有責(zé)任感的 → (responsibility)n.責(zé)任感 → be responsible for 對(duì)...負(fù)責(zé)
24. able:adj.有能力的 → (ability) n.能力 25. honest:adj.誠實(shí)的 → (honestly) adv.誠實(shí)地 →(honesty)n.誠實(shí) 26. fool:v.愚弄;n.傻瓜 → (foolish) adj.愚蠢的 27. dead:adj.死的 → (deadly) adj. 致命的 28. tell - told - told 告訴;sell - (sold) 29. avail:v.有益 → (available) adj.可利用的
reason:n.原因 → (reasonable) adj. 合情合理的 30. please:v.使...高興;請(qǐng) → (pleased)adj. 高興的 → (pleasure) n.愉悅 →(pleasant)adj.令人愉快的 31. accept:v.接受 → (acceptance) n.認(rèn)可,接受 32. win - won 贏;differ:v.不同 - (different) adj.不同的 33. break - broke - broken 打碎 34. wear - (wore) - worn 穿
tear - (tore) - torn:v.撕破;流淚 n.眼淚 35. loss:n.損失 → lose:v.丟失;迷失 → lost:adj.迷路的;丟失的 36. wood:n.木材 → (woody) adj.木質(zhì)的 37. regular:adj.有規(guī)律的,定期的 → (regularly) adv.定期 38. possible:adj.可能的 → (possibly) adv.可能地
probable:adj.可能的 → (probably) adv.可能地 terrible:adj.可怕的 → (terribly) adv.可怕地 simple:adj.簡單的 → (simply) adv.簡直;簡單地 39. surprise:n.驚喜;v.使吃驚 → (surprisingly) adv.驚人地 increase:v.增加 → (increasingly) adv. 日益增加地 40. actual:adj.實(shí)際的 → (actually) adv.實(shí)際上 41. sudden:adj.突然的 → (suddenly) adv.突然 42. fall- (fell) - fallen 落下 43. build - built - (built) 修建 (rebuild:v.重建) 44. slow:adj.慢的;v.減慢 → (slowly) adv.慢地 45. blood:n.血液 → (bleed) v.流血 46. effect:n.效果 → (affect) v.影響 have an effect on sb 對(duì)...有影響 47. perform:v.表演 → (performer) n.表演者 → performance n.表演 48. decide:v.決定 → (decision) n.決定 49. contribute:v.貢獻(xiàn) → (contribution)n.奉獻(xiàn)(to) 50. develop:v.發(fā)展 → (development)n.發(fā)展(with) 51. assist:v.幫助 → (assistant)n.助手 52. arrive:v.到達(dá) → (arrival)n.到達(dá) 53. late:adj.晚的;adv.晚地 → (lately)adv.最近 →(latest)adj.最新的 【注】late,lately,later,latter,latest的區(qū)別
A. 形容詞
I was late for school. 我上學(xué)遲到了。 I was ten minutes late. 我遲到了十分鐘。
in the late afternoon 在下午較晚的時(shí)候,傍晚 in the late sixties 六十年代后期 in the late 1990's/1990s 在二十世紀(jì)九十年代末期 He began the work in late May. 他在五月底開始這項(xiàng)工作。 It is never too late to mend. [諺語] 改過不嫌晚。
a late president 一位已故的總統(tǒng) She was an admirer of the late president. 她欽佩前總統(tǒng)。
I got up late. 我起晚了。
I saw him as late as yesterday. 直到昨天我還看見過他。 (2) later
①后來。可單獨(dú)使用,用于過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)。
See you later. 再見!回頭見!
B. 形容詞,為late的比較級(jí),意為“較晚的”。 the later comers 來的較晚的人
A. 形容詞 ①最新的 the latest news 最新的消息 ②為late的最高級(jí),譯為“最晚的,最遲的”。 the latest comer 來得最遲的人 B. 副詞,為late的最高級(jí),譯為“最晚地,最遲地”。
I should be back by 11 o’clock at the latest. 我最遲11點(diǎn)回來。 (4)lately:副詞,與recently同義,通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),譯為“最近、近來”。 What have you been doing lately? 你最近在做什么? He came as lately as last week. 他最近在上周來過。 (5)latter:adj.后面的,后者的(the former, the latter前者,后者) The latter point is the most important. 后面提及的那一點(diǎn)是最重要的。 I prefer the former design to the latter. 比起后者的設(shè)計(jì)方案, 我更喜歡前者的。 54. deep:adj.深的;adv.深深地 → (deeply)adv.深深地 55. decorate:v.裝飾 → (decoration) n.裝飾品 56. difficult:adj.困難的 → (difficulty)n.困難 57. patience:n.耐心→(patient) adj.有耐心的→(impatient) adj.不耐心的→(patiently) adv.有耐心地
polite:adj.有禮貌的→(impolite) adj.沒禮貌的 58. perfect:adj.完美的→(perfection)n.完美→ (imperfection) n.不完美 59. hard:adj.努力的,困難的;adv.努力地 → (hardly)adv.幾乎不 hard work 繁重的工作;work hard 努力地工作(動(dòng)詞短語) Eg: (1)It is very hard for me to study English better. 要把英語學(xué)好對(duì)我來說是很困難的。 (2) He is so excited that he can hardly sleep. 他是如此地興奮以至于他幾乎不能入睡。 60. find - found - found 發(fā)現(xiàn),找到;found - founded - founded 成立 詳解:find意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)、找到”,為動(dòng)詞原形。found既是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞find的過去式和過去分詞,本身又是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形,意為“建立、成立、創(chuàng)辦”。 founded為動(dòng)詞found的過去式和過去分詞。如: He has already found his watch. 他已經(jīng)找到了手表。 The school was founded ten years ago. 這所學(xué)校是十年前創(chuàng)辦的。 61. choose - chose - (chosen) 選擇 shoot - shot - shot 射擊
shoot sb 擊斃/中/傷某人;shoot at sb 瞄準(zhǔn)某人 62. repeat:v./n.重復(fù) → (repeatedly) adv.重復(fù)地 63. behave:v.表現(xiàn)→(behavior) n.行為(=behaviour) 64. ill:adj.病的→(illness) n.疾病 65. convenient:adj.方便的→ (convenience) n.便利 66. press:v.按→ (pressure) n.壓力 67. teach - taught - (taught) 教 68. thank:v.感謝 →(thankful)adj.感激的→(thankfully) adv.感謝地 69. moral:adj.道德的→ (morality) n.道德 70. home:n.家→(homeless) adj.無家可歸的 end:n.結(jié)尾→ (endless) adj.無窮無盡的 hope:v.希望→(hopeless)adj. 絕望的→(hopeful)adj.有希望的 71. flower:v.澆花;n.花→(flowered) adj.花式的 72. poor:adj.貧窮的→ (poverty) n.貧窮 73. music:n.音樂→ (musician) n.音樂家→(musical)adj.音樂的;n.音樂片 74. fail:v.失敗→(failures) n.失敗的事/人 75. approximate:adj.大約的→ (approximately) adv.大約 76. active:adj.積極的→ (activity) n.活動(dòng) 77. satisfy:v.使...滿意→ (satisfaction) n.滿意→(satisfying)adj.令人滿意的(=satisfactory)→(satisfied)adj.滿意的(be satisfied with ... ) 78. agree:v.同意→(disagree) v.不贊成 →(agreement)n.同意 79. describe:v.描述→(description) n.描述 80. move:v.移動(dòng)→ (movement) n.移動(dòng) 81. expect:v.期望→(unexpectedly) adv.出乎意料地 82. angry:adj.生氣的→(anger) n.怒氣 83. condition:n.條件→(unconditional) adj.無條件的;無限的 84. laugh:v.笑→ (laughter) n.笑(不可數(shù)) 85. friendly:adj.友好的→(friendliness) n.友好 86. rely:v.依靠→(reliable)adj.可靠的 87. injure:v.傷害→(injury)n.傷害 88. advertise:v.做廣告→(advertisement)n.廣告 89. believe:v.相信→( belief)n.信念→(unbelievable)adj.難以置信的 90. apologize:v.道歉→(apology)n.道歉 91. curious:adj.好奇的→(curiosity)n.好奇心 92. wait:v.等待→(waiter)n.男服務(wù)員→(waitress)n.女服務(wù)員 act:v.扮演→(actor)n.男演員→(actress)n.女演員 93. strong:adj.強(qiáng)壯的→(strength) n.力量;長處,強(qiáng)項(xiàng) weak:adj.虛弱的→(weakness)n.缺點(diǎn)→(weaken)v.削弱→(weakening)adj.弱化的 94. impress:v.使印象深刻→(impressive)adj.給人深刻印象的→( impression)n.印象 (make/leave a deep impression on sb 給某人留下深刻印象) 95. achieve:v.實(shí)現(xiàn);達(dá)到;完成→(achievement)n.成就 96. special:adj.特殊的→(specialist)n.專家→(specially)adv.特別地;尤其 97. entertain:v.使歡樂→(entertainment)n.娛樂 98. humor:n.幽默→(humorous)adj.幽默的 99. fail:v.失敗→ (failure) n.失敗 100. vary:v.變化→(various) adj.各種各樣的→(variety) n.多樣性;種類 (vary from A to B 從A到B變化;a variety of 各種各樣的) 【注】variety 多樣性(不可數(shù)名詞);種類(可數(shù)名詞,復(fù)數(shù)為varieties) 101. permit:v.允許,許可;n.許可證,執(zhí)照→ (permission) n.允許 102. society:n.社會(huì)→ (social) adj.社交的 103. fly:v.飛→(flight) n.航班 104. success:n.成功→(succeed)v.成功→(successful)adj.成功的 →(successfully) adv.成功地 105. drink - drank - drunk 喝 106. confident:adj.有信心的→(confidence)n.信心 107. conclude:v.下結(jié)論;結(jié)束→(conclusion)n.結(jié)論 108. glass:玻璃(不可數(shù)名詞)→(glasses)眼鏡 a glass of milk 一杯牛奶 two glasses of milk 兩杯牛奶 109. courage:n.勇氣→(courageous)adj.有勇氣的
encourage:v.鼓勵(lì)→ (encouragement) n.鼓勵(lì) 110. hide(v.藏) - hid - hid/hidden
forbid(v.禁止)- forbad/forbade - forbidden (forbidden adj.禁止的) 111. reserve:v.預(yù)定;保留→(reservations) n.保留意見;預(yù)定 112. memory:n.記憶→(memorize) v.記住 113. count:v.數(shù)數(shù)→(countless) adj.無數(shù)的 114. intend:v.打算 →(intended)adj.預(yù)期的→ (intention) n.目的,意圖 intend/plan to do sth 打算做某事;intended goals 預(yù)期的目標(biāo) 115. legal:adj.合法的→(illegally) adv.非法地 116. globe:n.地球→(global) adj.全球的 【四】 語法填空識(shí)記短語: 1. 值得做...... (1) be (well) worth doing sth Eg: This book is well worth reading for you. 這本書非常值得你讀。(用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義) (2)be worthy to be done (3)be worthy of being done Eg: This book is well worthy of being read for you. = This book is well worthy to be read for you. 這本書非常值得你讀。(用被動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義) 2. couldn’t help doing sth 情不自禁得做......; couldn’t help to do sth 不能幫助做...... Eg: (1) We couldn’t help laughing when we heard this funny story. 當(dāng)我們聽到這個(gè)滑稽的故事時(shí),我們都情不自禁地笑了。 (2) I couldn’t help you to do housework because I’m busy with my study. 我不能幫助你做家務(wù),因?yàn)槲颐τ趯W(xué)習(xí)。 3. name A after B:以B的名字為A命名 Eg: Tom named his son after his father. 湯姆以他父親的名字為他的兒子取名。 = His son was named after his father.(常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)) 4. judge from/by ... 由...判斷 Eg:(1) Don’t judge a person by his appearance.不要以貌取人。 (2)Judging from his accent, he must be an American. 從他的口音判斷,他一定是個(gè)美國佬。 5. compare A with/to B:把A與B做比較;compare A to A':把A比作A' Compared with his room, my room is even smaller. 與他的房間比,我的房間還小一點(diǎn)。(even/much + 比較級(jí)) 6. break down (機(jī)器)出故障;(汽車)拋錨
break out (戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、洪水、火災(zāi))爆發(fā) (不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài))
break into 破門而入,闖入 7. deep, deeply的區(qū)別 這兩個(gè)副詞的共同意思是“深”。其區(qū)別在于: (1)deep作“深深地”解,常用來修飾具體的或有形的動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作意義很強(qiáng)的分詞; 而deeply作“深入地”“深刻地”解,通常用于引申的場(chǎng)合或比喻的意義,起增強(qiáng)語氣的作用。例如: We went deep into the jungle. 我們走進(jìn)叢林深處。 I deeply regret your misfortune. 對(duì)你的不幸我深表遺憾。 (2) 修飾形容詞時(shí)習(xí)慣用deeply,不能用deep。例如: I'm deeply sorry for what has happened. 我對(duì)發(fā)生的事情深感遺憾。 (3) 形容靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)時(shí)只能用deep, 不能用deeply。例如: The ship sank deep into the sea. 這船深沉海底。 8. learn from sb 向某人學(xué)習(xí); learn a lesson 吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn);
learn sth from sb 從某人那里學(xué)到... We should learn from each other. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)相互學(xué)習(xí)。 Try and learn from the failure. 要努力從失敗中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。 She needs to learn a lesson about telling the truth. 她要吸取教訓(xùn)才能說實(shí)話。 We can learn a lot from talk shows. 我們可以從脫口秀中學(xué)到很多東西。 9. as a result/consequence 結(jié)果(所以);as a result of 由于(因?yàn)? As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. 因此我們不得不給菜地澆水。 He was late as a result of the snow. 由于大雪他遲到了。 10. make up one’s mind(有單復(fù)數(shù)之分) to do sth 下定決心做某事
in one’s opinion(無單復(fù)數(shù)之分) 在...看來 11. It takes sb + 一段時(shí)間 + to do 做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間 12. be/become addicted to doing sth 沉溺于...中 He is addicted to drinking. 他嗜好喝酒。 13. call on/upon sb to do sth 號(hào)召某人做... 14. be based on/upon... 以...為基礎(chǔ)/根據(jù);建立在...的基礎(chǔ)上 (1)base on “以……為根據(jù)”,用法應(yīng)是 base A on B. 如: ① Edison based his ideas on scientific experiment. 愛迪生的想法是建立在科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上的。 ② You should base your opinion on facts. 你的意見都要以事實(shí)為根據(jù)。 (2)be based on “以……為根據(jù)”,用法是A be based on B ① What he said is based on fact. 他所說的話是以事實(shí)為根據(jù)的。 ② The story is based on real life. 那故事是根據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活而寫的。 ③ Some modern languages are based on Latin. 在些現(xiàn)代語言是以拉丁文為基礎(chǔ)的。 15. get rid of ... 消除... 16. But as life would have it 但是生活注定是難以捉摸 17. 以下to為介詞:(后加名詞/動(dòng)詞ing形式) the/a key to success/succeeding 成功的關(guān)鍵; the/a path to success 通向成功之路 be/get used to doing sth 習(xí)慣做某事 = be/get accustomed to doing sth
in addition to doing sth 除了做... equal to doing sth (勝任)有能力做某事 look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事
pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事 devote ... to doing sth 奉獻(xiàn)…去做某事 make contributions to doing sth 為…做貢獻(xiàn) = contribute to doing sth object to doing sth 反對(duì)做某事 refer to doing sth 提到做某事 lead to doing sth 導(dǎo)致做某事 stick to doing sth 堅(jiān)持做某事 get down to doing sth 開始認(rèn)真做某事 be/become addicted to doing sth 沉溺于...中 see to doing sth 注意做某事 Eg:I must see to getting the dinner ready. 我必須注意把飯準(zhǔn)備好。
18. 以下to為不定式標(biāo)志:(后加動(dòng)原) can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 spare/leave no efforts to do sth 不遺余力做某事 make an effort/efforts to do sth 努力做某事
try/do one’s best to do sth 盡某人的最大努力去做某事= do all sb can to do sth 盡力做某事 There is no time/chance to do sth 沒時(shí)間/機(jī)會(huì)做某事 It/There is no use (in) doing sth 做某事毫無意義 have no choice but to do sth 除了做...之外沒有其他的選擇(表將去做) = have nothing to do but do sth = can do nothing but do sth (前帶do后必省to, to為不定式標(biāo)志) Eg:I want nothing but to borrow a magazine from you.
He could do nothing but wait for the bus to come. 19. keep/stay + adj. 如:keep quiet保持安靜;stay calm 保持鎮(zhèn)定 20. To one’s surprise/amazement/delight 讓某人感到吃驚/高興的是... 21. (at) one time or another; one, the other
Most of my friends have cheated on tests in school at one time or another. 我的大多數(shù)朋友在學(xué)校測(cè)驗(yàn)時(shí)都曾經(jīng)作過弊。 22. It is possible/probable/likely that:……是可能的 sb is likely (like) to do sth 某人可能做…… 23. It occurred to sb that... 某人突然想起 ...
It occurred to sb to do sth 某人突然想起做某事 It occurred to me that I had not handed in my paper. 我突然想起我還沒有交論文。 It didn't occur to him to ask for help. 他沒想到請(qǐng)別人幫忙。 24. avoid being done 避免被...( avoid doing sth) To avoid being caught by the police, he ran very fast. 25. can’t bear/stand/tolerate(容忍) doing sth 不能容忍做... I can’t bear/stand/tolerate being kept waiting. 我不能容忍久等。 26. be surprised at (doing) sth 對(duì)...感到吃驚 = be surprised to do sth I’m surprised at what you say. 我對(duì)你所說的話感到吃驚。 I’m surprised to see you here. 看見你在這兒,我很吃驚。 = I’m surprised at seeing you here.
27. in search of:搜尋... 【注】search作動(dòng)詞指“尋找”,后面跟尋找的范圍,而search for后面跟 尋找的目標(biāo)。如: Are they still searching for their child? 他們還在尋找他們的孩子嗎? |
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