考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)法填空例析

“一般過(guò)式時(shí)”是近幾年語(yǔ)法填空謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考查的重點(diǎn)。此外，還考查了“過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)”以及表虛擬語(yǔ)氣的“had done結(jié)構(gòu)”。

[例1] The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote and poor village. (2007年廣東省高考)

解析：broke。sb. was doing sth. when sth. did表示“某人正在做某事時(shí)，這時(shí)發(fā)生了……”。

[例2] Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or 34 (push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. (2009年廣東省高考)

解析：pushed。根據(jù)前面的連詞or可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)與stepped在時(shí)態(tài)上保持一致。stepped和pushed作并列謂語(yǔ)。

[例3] After a four-day journey, the young man 33 (present) the water to the old man.

(2010年廣東省高考)

解析：presented。年輕人把水贈(zèng)送給老年人是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

[例4] He 19 (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.

(2011年廣東省高考)

解析：was pretending。根據(jù)下文giving it a voice可知，此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。was pretending和(was) giving作并列謂語(yǔ)。

[例5] He walked in as if he 17 (buy) the school. (2012年廣東省高考)

解析：had bought。as if從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與事實(shí)相反，表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，故用had done結(jié)構(gòu)。

[例6] Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane 40 (inform).

(2009年廣東省高考)

解析：was informed。她的母親高興地說(shuō)：“你的父親最終決定戒煙了?！?Jane被告知。由于動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去并且Jane是動(dòng)作的承受者，故此處填was informed。

[例7] Suddenly, he 16 (find) that he had run out of salt. (2013年廣東省高考)

解析：found。賓語(yǔ)從句中的had run out of salt為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，所以主句應(yīng)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故此處填found。

4.考查形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)

近幾年來(lái)，出現(xiàn)了對(duì)單音節(jié)形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)的考查。

[例1] The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be 39 (sweet).” (2010年廣東省高考)

解析：sweeter。根據(jù)句子邏輯含義及語(yǔ)法可知，此處應(yīng)填sweet的比較級(jí)sweeter。“nothing(具有否定含義的不定代詞)+謂語(yǔ)+形容詞比較級(jí)”表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義。句意為：沒(méi)有什么比它更甜的了(言外之意它是最甜的)。

[例2] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high). (2008年廣東省高考)

解析：higher。根據(jù)句子邏輯含義及語(yǔ)法可知，此處應(yīng)填high的比較級(jí)higher。句意為：這樣做了一整天之后，他非常勞累，但是他覺(jué)得很高興，因?yàn)榍f稼確實(shí)“長(zhǎng)得”更高了。

[例3] It might have made it a little 21 (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. (2012年廣東省高考)

解析：harder。

根據(jù)句子邏輯含義及語(yǔ)法可知，此處應(yīng)填hard的比較級(jí)harder。句意為：對(duì)于所有的人（學(xué)生）來(lái)說(shuō)，這更加困難，因?yàn)樗麄儾坏貌晦D(zhuǎn)身，但這并不能阻止班上的孩子們（這樣做）。

【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】

1. Hur

ry up, kids! The school bus (wait) for us!

2. Briggs will take over as general manager when Mitchell (retire).

3. It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber (rescue).

4. He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he (have) it for a very long time.

5. We are confident that the environment (improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution.

6. The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers (repair) one of the main pipes.

7. I felt very tired when I got home, and I (go) straight to bed.

8. A Midsummer Night’s Dream (open) at the Theatre Royal next week, and then tours throughoutScotland.

9. “What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I (be) president,” said the boy, with a smile.

10. — I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon

.

— I’m so sorry. But I (do) my homework.

11. From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface (cover) by water.

12. I’m calling about the apartment you (advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it?

13. It’s much (easy) to make friends when you have similar interests.

14. I think I am a (nice) person today than I used to be, and I hope I will not forget these experiences.

15. It may not be a great suggestion. But before a (good) one is put forward, we’ll make do with it.

參考答案及解析：

1. is waiting。由Hurry up可知，說(shuō)話者表述正在發(fā)生的事，故此處使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

2. retires。主句中的will take over為將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，那么when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，故填retires。

3. was rescued。根據(jù)前面的was可知，rescue這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，另climber為rescue這一動(dòng)作的承受者，故此處填was rescued。

4. had had。根據(jù)句子意思可知，have這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在sold之前，故使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

5. will be improved。根據(jù)are和further可知，improve這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來(lái)，又因?yàn)閕mprove和environment為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

6. are repairing。根據(jù)has been cut off temporarily可知，水源已被切斷且還未恢復(fù)，故repair這一動(dòng)作還正在進(jìn)行中，所以此處應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，填are repairing。

7. went。由并列連詞and和前面的felt可知，go這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

8. opens。雖然next week表將來(lái)的時(shí)間，但根據(jù)and then tours可知，此處為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，填opens。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或時(shí)間表要發(fā)生的事。

9. will be。根據(jù)前面的問(wèn)句可知，小男孩是在談?wù)撨€未實(shí)現(xiàn)的將來(lái)的理想，故此處填will be。

10. was doing。因?yàn)榇鹫Z(yǔ)是針對(duì)過(guò)去一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)進(jìn)行解釋的，故使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

11. is covered。根據(jù)句子意思可知，此處是在陳述客觀事實(shí)，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，又因?yàn)閍bout seventy-one percent of its surface是cover這一動(dòng)作的承受者，所以填is covered。

12. advertised。the other day意為“前幾天”，故此處為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

13. easier。much可修飾形容詞的比較級(jí)，再根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)填easy的比較級(jí)形式easier。

14. nicer。根據(jù)后面的than可知，此處應(yīng)填形容詞的比較級(jí)形式。

15. better。根據(jù)句子意思可知，此處是指“一個(gè)更好的建議”，故填better。