接下來(lái)我們分析DH加密算法,一種適基于密鑰一致協(xié)議的加密算法。
DH
Diffie-Hellman算法(D-H算法),密鑰一致協(xié)議。是由公開(kāi)密鑰密碼體制的奠基人Diffie和Hellman所提出的一種思想。簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)就是允許兩名用戶在公開(kāi)媒體上交換信息以生成"一致"的、可以共享的密鑰。換句話說(shuō),就是由甲方產(chǎn)出一對(duì)密鑰(公鑰、私鑰),乙方依照甲方公鑰產(chǎn)生乙方密鑰對(duì)(公鑰、私鑰)。以此為基線,作為數(shù)據(jù)傳輸保密基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)雙方使用同一種對(duì)稱加密算法構(gòu)建本地密鑰(SecretKey)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)加密。這樣,在互通了本地密鑰(SecretKey)算法后,甲乙雙方公開(kāi)自己的公鑰,使用對(duì)方的公鑰和剛才產(chǎn)生的私鑰加密數(shù)據(jù),同時(shí)可以使用對(duì)方的公鑰和自己的私鑰對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)解密。不單單是甲乙雙方兩方,可以擴(kuò)展為多方共享數(shù)據(jù)通訊,這樣就完成了網(wǎng)絡(luò)交互數(shù)據(jù)的安全通訊!該算法源于中國(guó)的同余定理——中國(guó)馀數(shù)定理。
流程分析:
1.甲方構(gòu)建密鑰對(duì)兒,將公鑰公布給乙方,將私鑰保留;雙方約定數(shù)據(jù)加密算法;乙方通過(guò)甲方公鑰構(gòu)建密鑰對(duì)兒,將公鑰公布給甲方,將私鑰保留。
2.甲方使用私鑰、乙方公鑰、約定數(shù)據(jù)加密算法構(gòu)建本地密鑰,然后通過(guò)本地密鑰加密數(shù)據(jù),發(fā)送給乙方加密后的數(shù)據(jù);乙方使用私鑰、甲方公鑰、約定數(shù)據(jù)加密算法構(gòu)建本地密鑰,然后通過(guò)本地密鑰對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)解密。
3.乙方使用私鑰、甲方公鑰、約定數(shù)據(jù)加密算法構(gòu)建本地密鑰,然后通過(guò)本地密鑰加密數(shù)據(jù),發(fā)送給甲方加密后的數(shù)據(jù);甲方使用私鑰、乙方公鑰、約定數(shù)據(jù)加密算法構(gòu)建本地密鑰,然后通過(guò)本地密鑰對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)解密。
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通過(guò)java代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:Coder類見(jiàn) Java加密技術(shù)(一)
- import java.security.Key;
- import java.security.KeyFactory;
- import java.security.KeyPair;
- import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
- import java.security.PublicKey;
- import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
- import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.Map;
-
- import javax.crypto.Cipher;
- import javax.crypto.KeyAgreement;
- import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
- import javax.crypto.interfaces.DHPrivateKey;
- import javax.crypto.interfaces.DHPublicKey;
- import javax.crypto.spec.DHParameterSpec;
-
- /**
- * DH安全編碼組件
- *
- * @author 梁棟
- * @version 1.0
- * @since 1.0
- */
- public abstract class DHCoder extends Coder {
- public static final String ALGORITHM = "DH";
-
- /**
- * 默認(rèn)密鑰字節(jié)數(shù)
- *
- * <pre>
- * DH
- * Default Keysize 1024
- * Keysize must be a multiple of 64, ranging from 512 to 1024 (inclusive).
- * </pre>
- */
- private static final int KEY_SIZE = 1024;
-
- /**
- * DH加密下需要一種對(duì)稱加密算法對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)加密,這里我們使用DES,也可以使用其他對(duì)稱加密算法。
- */
- public static final String SECRET_ALGORITHM = "DES";
- private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "DHPublicKey";
- private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "DHPrivateKey";
-
- /**
- * 初始化甲方密鑰
- *
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static Map<String, Object> initKey() throws Exception {
- KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator
- .getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- keyPairGenerator.initialize(KEY_SIZE);
-
- KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
-
- // 甲方公鑰
- DHPublicKey publicKey = (DHPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
-
- // 甲方私鑰
- DHPrivateKey privateKey = (DHPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
-
- Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);
-
- keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
- keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);
- return keyMap;
- }
-
- /**
- * 初始化乙方密鑰
- *
- * @param key
- * 甲方公鑰
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static Map<String, Object> initKey(String key) throws Exception {
- // 解析甲方公鑰
- byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);
- X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
- KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
-
- // 由甲方公鑰構(gòu)建乙方密鑰
- DHParameterSpec dhParamSpec = ((DHPublicKey) pubKey).getParams();
-
- KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator
- .getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
- keyPairGenerator.initialize(dhParamSpec);
-
- KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
-
- // 乙方公鑰
- DHPublicKey publicKey = (DHPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
-
- // 乙方私鑰
- DHPrivateKey privateKey = (DHPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
-
- Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);
-
- keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
- keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);
-
- return keyMap;
- }
-
- /**
- * 加密<br>
- *
- * @param data
- * 待加密數(shù)據(jù)
- * @param publicKey
- * 甲方公鑰
- * @param privateKey
- * 乙方私鑰
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, String publicKey,
- String privateKey) throws Exception {
-
- // 生成本地密鑰
- SecretKey secretKey = getSecretKey(publicKey, privateKey);
-
- // 數(shù)據(jù)加密
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm());
- cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
-
- return cipher.doFinal(data);
- }
-
- /**
- * 解密<br>
- *
- * @param data
- * 待解密數(shù)據(jù)
- * @param publicKey
- * 乙方公鑰
- * @param privateKey
- * 乙方私鑰
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] data, String publicKey,
- String privateKey) throws Exception {
-
- // 生成本地密鑰
- SecretKey secretKey = getSecretKey(publicKey, privateKey);
- // 數(shù)據(jù)解密
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm());
- cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
-
- return cipher.doFinal(data);
- }
-
- /**
- * 構(gòu)建密鑰
- *
- * @param publicKey
- * 公鑰
- * @param privateKey
- * 私鑰
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- private static SecretKey getSecretKey(String publicKey, String privateKey)
- throws Exception {
- // 初始化公鑰
- byte[] pubKeyBytes = decryptBASE64(publicKey);
-
- KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(pubKeyBytes);
- PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
-
- // 初始化私鑰
- byte[] priKeyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey);
-
- PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(priKeyBytes);
- Key priKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
-
- KeyAgreement keyAgree = KeyAgreement.getInstance(keyFactory
- .getAlgorithm());
- keyAgree.init(priKey);
- keyAgree.doPhase(pubKey, true);
-
- // 生成本地密鑰
- SecretKey secretKey = keyAgree.generateSecret(SECRET_ALGORITHM);
-
- return secretKey;
- }
-
- /**
- * 取得私鑰
- *
- * @param keyMap
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
- throws Exception {
- Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);
-
- return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
- }
-
- /**
- * 取得公鑰
- *
- * @param keyMap
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static String getPublicKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
- throws Exception {
- Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);
-
- return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
- }
- }
再給出一個(gè)測(cè)試類:
- import static org.junit.Assert.*;
-
- import java.util.Map;
-
- import org.junit.Test;
-
- /**
- *
- * @author 梁棟
- * @version 1.0
- * @since 1.0
- */
- public class DHCoderTest {
-
- @Test
- public void test() throws Exception {
- // 生成甲方密鑰對(duì)兒
- Map<String, Object> aKeyMap = DHCoder.initKey();
- String aPublicKey = DHCoder.getPublicKey(aKeyMap);
- String aPrivateKey = DHCoder.getPrivateKey(aKeyMap);
-
- System.err.println("甲方公鑰:\r" + aPublicKey);
- System.err.println("甲方私鑰:\r" + aPrivateKey);
-
- // 由甲方公鑰產(chǎn)生本地密鑰對(duì)兒
- Map<String, Object> bKeyMap = DHCoder.initKey(aPublicKey);
- String bPublicKey = DHCoder.getPublicKey(bKeyMap);
- String bPrivateKey = DHCoder.getPrivateKey(bKeyMap);
-
- System.err.println("乙方公鑰:\r" + bPublicKey);
- System.err.println("乙方私鑰:\r" + bPrivateKey);
-
- String aInput = "abc ";
- System.err.println("原文: " + aInput);
-
- // 由甲方公鑰,乙方私鑰構(gòu)建密文
- byte[] aCode = DHCoder.encrypt(aInput.getBytes(), aPublicKey,
- bPrivateKey);
-
- // 由乙方公鑰,甲方私鑰解密
- byte[] aDecode = DHCoder.decrypt(aCode, bPublicKey, aPrivateKey);
- String aOutput = (new String(aDecode));
-
- System.err.println("解密: " + aOutput);
-
- assertEquals(aInput, aOutput);
-
- System.err.println(" ===============反過(guò)來(lái)加密解密================== ");
- String bInput = "def ";
- System.err.println("原文: " + bInput);
-
- // 由乙方公鑰,甲方私鑰構(gòu)建密文
- byte[] bCode = DHCoder.encrypt(bInput.getBytes(), bPublicKey,
- aPrivateKey);
-
- // 由甲方公鑰,乙方私鑰解密
- byte[] bDecode = DHCoder.decrypt(bCode, aPublicKey, bPrivateKey);
- String bOutput = (new String(bDecode));
-
- System.err.println("解密: " + bOutput);
-
- assertEquals(bInput, bOutput);
- }
-
- }
控制臺(tái)輸出:
- 甲方公鑰:
- MIHfMIGXBgkqhkiG9w0BAwEwgYkCQQD8poLOjhLKuibvzPcRDlJtsHiwXt7LzR60ogjzrhYXrgHz
- W5Gkfm32NBPF4S7QiZvNEyrNUNmRUb3EPuc3WS4XAkBnhHGyepz0TukaScUUfbGpqvJE8FpDTWSG
- kx0tFCcbnjUDC3H9c9oXkGmzLik1Yw4cIGI1TQ2iCmxBblC+eUykAgIBgANDAAJAdAWBVmIzqcko
- Ej6qFjLDL2+Y3FPq1iRbnOyOpDj71yKaK1K+FhTv04B0zy4DKcvAASV7/Gv0W+bgqdmffRkqrQ==
-
- 甲方私鑰:
- MIHRAgEAMIGXBgkqhkiG9w0BAwEwgYkCQQD8poLOjhLKuibvzPcRDlJtsHiwXt7LzR60ogjzrhYX
- rgHzW5Gkfm32NBPF4S7QiZvNEyrNUNmRUb3EPuc3WS4XAkBnhHGyepz0TukaScUUfbGpqvJE8FpD
- TWSGkx0tFCcbnjUDC3H9c9oXkGmzLik1Yw4cIGI1TQ2iCmxBblC+eUykAgIBgAQyAjACJRfy1LyR
- eHyD+4Hfb+xR0uoIGR1oL9i9Nk6g2AAuaDPgEVWHn+QXID13yL/uDos=
-
- 乙方公鑰:
- MIHfMIGXBgkqhkiG9w0BAwEwgYkCQQD8poLOjhLKuibvzPcRDlJtsHiwXt7LzR60ogjzrhYXrgHz
- W5Gkfm32NBPF4S7QiZvNEyrNUNmRUb3EPuc3WS4XAkBnhHGyepz0TukaScUUfbGpqvJE8FpDTWSG
- kx0tFCcbnjUDC3H9c9oXkGmzLik1Yw4cIGI1TQ2iCmxBblC+eUykAgIBgANDAAJAVEYSfBA+I9nr
- dWw3OBv475C+eBrWBBYqt0m6/eu4ptuDQHwV4MmUtKAC2wc2nNrdb1wmBhY1X8RnWkJ1XmdDbQ==
-
- 乙方私鑰:
- MIHSAgEAMIGXBgkqhkiG9w0BAwEwgYkCQQD8poLOjhLKuibvzPcRDlJtsHiwXt7LzR60ogjzrhYX
- rgHzW5Gkfm32NBPF4S7QiZvNEyrNUNmRUb3EPuc3WS4XAkBnhHGyepz0TukaScUUfbGpqvJE8FpD
- TWSGkx0tFCcbnjUDC3H9c9oXkGmzLik1Yw4cIGI1TQ2iCmxBblC+eUykAgIBgAQzAjEAqaZiCdXp
- 2iNpdBlHRaO9ir70wo2n32xNlIzIX19VLSPCDdeUWkgRv4CEj/8k+/yd
-
- 原文: abc
- 解密: abc
- ===============反過(guò)來(lái)加密解密==================
- 原文: def
- 解密: def
如我所言,甲乙雙方在獲得對(duì)方公鑰后可以對(duì)發(fā)送給對(duì)方的數(shù)據(jù)加密,同時(shí)也能對(duì)接收到的數(shù)據(jù)解密,達(dá)到了數(shù)據(jù)安全通信的目的!
相關(guān)鏈接:
Java加密技術(shù)(一)——BASE64與單向加密算法MD5&SHA&MAC
Java加密技術(shù)(二)——對(duì)稱加密DES&AES
Java加密技術(shù)(三)——PBE算法
Java加密技術(shù)(四)——非對(duì)稱加密算法RSA
Java加密技術(shù)(五)——非對(duì)稱加密算法的由來(lái)DH
Java加密技術(shù)(六)——數(shù)字簽名算法DSA
Java加密技術(shù)(七)——非對(duì)稱加密算法最高ECC
Java加密技術(shù)(八)——數(shù)字證書(shū)
Java加密技術(shù)(九)——初探SSL
Java加密技術(shù)(十)——單向認(rèn)證
Java加密技術(shù)(十一)——雙向認(rèn)證
Java加密技術(shù)(十二)——*.PFX(*.p12)&個(gè)人信息交換文件
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