使用mapserver+qgis+openlayers搭建webGIS

xenophobe 2014-12-08

展開全文

自己今天一步一步做的，總結(jié)如下。

0. 檢查

檢查當(dāng)前MS4W是否支持OGC WMS服務(wù)

使用DOS命令行進(jìn)入MS4W的安裝路徑（如D:\ms4w\Apache\cgi-bin），執(zhí)行mapserv -v

C:\ms4w\Apache\cgi-bin>mapserv-v

MapServerversion 5.2.1 OUTPUT=GIF OUTPUT=PNG OUTPUT=JPEG OUTPUT=WBMP OUTPUT=PDF

OUTPUT=SWF OUTPUT=SVG SUPPORTS=PROJSUPPORTS=AGG SUPPORTS=FREETYPE SUPPORTS=ICO

NVSUPPORTS=FRIBIDI SUPPORTS=WMS_SERVER SUPPORTS=WMS_CLIENT SUPPORTS=WFS_SERVER

SUPPORTS=WFS_CLIENTSUPPORTS=WCS_SERVER SUPPORTS=SOS_SERVER SUPPORTS=FASTCGI SUP

PORTS=THREADSSUPPORTS=GEOS SUPPORTS=RGBA_PNG INPUT=JPEG INPUT=POSTGIS INPUT=OGR

INPUT=GDAL INPUT=SHAPEFILE

1. 安裝qgis

下載osgeo4w-setup.exe 最新版，直接運行，選擇桌面GIS即可

安裝完成后如下

2. 運行QGIS,生成*.map文件

在插件選項中，添加 mapserver export 插件

打開幾個shp圖層，右擊每個圖層，在屬性中設(shè)置使用oldsymbology,否則不能導(dǎo)出到mapserver

選了3個圖層，生成的map文件如下：

# Map file created from QGIS project file I:/GIS/freeGIS/QGIS/chianmap_final.qgs

# Edit this file to customize for your map interface

# (Created with PyQgis MapServer Export plugin)

MAP

NAME"QGIS-MAP"

# Map image size

SIZE 1200 800

UNITS meters

EXTENT 49.189774-3.159989 173.282634 76.327090

FONTSET'fontset.txt'

SYMBOLSET'symbols.txt'

PROJECTION

'proj=longlat'

'ellps=WGS84'

'towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0'

'no_defs'

END

# Backgroundcolor for the map canvas -- change as desired

IMAGECOLOR 255255 255

IMAGEQUALITY 95

IMAGETYPE agg

OUTPUTFORMAT

NAME agg

DRIVER AGG/PNG

IMAGEMODE RGB

END

# Legend

LEGEND

IMAGECOLOR255 255 255

STATUS ON

KEYSIZE 18 12

LABEL

TYPE BITMAP

SIZE MEDIUM

COLOR 0 0 89

END

# Web interfacedefinition. Only the template parameter

# is required todisplay a map. See MapServer documentation

WEB

# Set IMAGEPATHto the path where MapServer should

# write itsoutput.

IMAGEPATH'/tmp/'

# Set IMAGEURLto the url that points to IMAGEPATH

# as defined inyour web server configuration

IMAGEURL'/tmp/'

# WMS serversettings

METADATA

'ows_title' 'QGIS-MAP'

'ows_onlineresource' 'http://192.168.1.94:8080/cgi-bin/mapserv.exe?map=I:/GIS/freeGIS/QGIS/tt.map'

'ows_srs' 'EPSG:4326'

END

#Scale range atwhich web interface will operate

# Template andheader/footer settings

# Only thetemplate parameter is required to display a map. See MapServer documentation

TEMPLATE'fooOnlyForWMSGetFeatureInfo'

END

LAYER

NAME 'bou2_4p'

TYPE POLYGON

DUMP true

TEMPLATEfooOnlyForWMSGetFeatureInfo

EXTENT 49.189774-3.159989 173.282634 76.327090

DATA'I:\GIS\maps\chinamap_final\bou2_4p.shp'

METADATA

'ows_title' 'bou2_4p'

END

STATUS OFF

TRANSPARENCY100

PROJECTION

'proj=longlat'

'ellps=WGS84'

'towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0'

'no_defs'

END

CLASS

NAME'bou2_4p'

STYLE

WIDTH 1

OUTLINECOLOR 0 0 0

COLOR 21091 200

END

LAYER

NAME'chinaMapL'

TYPE LINE

DUMP true

TEMPLATEfooOnlyForWMSGetFeatureInfo

EXTENT 49.189774-3.159989 173.282634 76.327090

DATA'I:\GIS\maps\chinamap_final\chinaMapL.shp'

METADATA

'ows_title''chinaMapL'

END

STATUS OFF

TRANSPARENCY100

PROJECTION

'proj=longlat'

'ellps=WGS84'

'towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0'

'no_defs'

END

CLASS

NAME'chinaMapL'

STYLE

WIDTH 1

COLOR 182134 241

END

LAYER

NAME 'railway'

TYPE LINE

DUMP true

TEMPLATEfooOnlyForWMSGetFeatureInfo

EXTENT 49.189774-3.159989 173.282634 76.327090

DATA'I:\GIS\maps\chinamap_final\railway.shp'

METADATA

'ows_title''railway'

END

STATUS OFF

TRANSPARENCY100

PROJECTION

'proj=longlat'

'ellps=WGS84'

'towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0'

'no_defs'

END

CLASS

NAME'railway'

STYLE

WIDTH 1

COLOR 13595 134

END

注意需要把里面的WIDTH 改為1，之前是0.91，否則會出錯

在apache目錄的htdocs下新建一map文件夾，將字體、symbols等文件

并且把map文件里面的FONTSET 和SYMBOLSET修改如下：

FONTSET 'fontset.txt'

SYMBOLSET 'symbols.txt'

3. 用瀏覽器訪問地圖服務(wù)

http://192.168.1.94:8080/cgi-bin/mapserv.exe?MAP=C:/ms4w/Apache/htdocs/map/tt.map&LAYERS=ALL&MODE=MAP

4. 更改apache的設(shè)置

在\Apache\cgi-bin復(fù)制mapserv.exe一份，改名xmap.exe

打開ms4w安裝目錄\Apache\conf\httpd.conf編輯

最后一行添加：

#用于碰到url中有/cgi-bin/xmap.exe，就調(diào)用../htdocs/map/test.map作為地圖

SetEnvIf Request_URI "/cgi-bin/xmap.exe"MS_MAPFILE=../htdocs/map/test.map

然后使用瀏覽器訪問

http://192.168.1.94:8080/cgi-bin/xmap.exe?LAYERS=ALL&MODE=MAP

結(jié)果如下：

5. 在openlayers 中調(diào)用

在調(diào)用自己的mapserver發(fā)布的wms服務(wù)時，地圖的option中，單位需要與wms的單位一致，如 units : "dd",否則距離量算不準(zhǔn)確。

最大最小分辨率決定了地圖在最小最大縮放時的大小

必須設(shè)置一個圖層為基層圖層，其他圖層為非基基礎(chǔ)圖層，并且透明度設(shè)置為true，如下：

var layer1 = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS("layer1", "http://localhost:8080/cgi-bin/xmap.exe?",{ layers: 'railway',transparent: "true",IMAGETYPE: 'PNG'}, { isBaseLayer: false});

var layer2 = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS("layer2", "http://localhost:8080/cgi-bin/xmap.exe?",{ layers: 'chinaMapL',transparent: "true",IMAGETYPE: 'PNG'}, { isBaseLayer: false});

var layer3 = new OpenLayers.Layer.WMS("layer3", "http://localhost:8080/cgi-bin/xmap.exe?",{ layers: 'bou2_4p',IMAGETYPE: 'PNG'}, { isBaseLayer: true});

map.addLayers([layer1,layer2,layer3]);

如下：

6. Qgis中可以設(shè)置地圖顯示樣式，比如polygon對象的顏色分級，label標(biāo)注字段、字體，圖層的顯示比例尺范圍等。

設(shè)置好以后，還是直接導(dǎo)出為mapserver所需的*.map文件，注意修改里面的

FONTSET 'fontset.txt'
SYMBOLSET 'symbols.txt'

以及WIDTH為1.

就可以用了，實時渲染就是非常慢，本機(jī)都慢。

7. 下一步用mapserver發(fā)布WFS。

add:

symbols.txt的內(nèi)容如下，直接拷貝即可：

Symbol
Name 'tent'
Type VECTOR
Filled TRUE
Points
0 1
.5 0
1 1
.75 1
.5 .5
.25 1
0 1
END
END
Symbol
Name 'star'
Type VECTOR
Filled TRUE
Points
0 .375
.35 .375
.5 0
.65 .375
1 .375
.75 .625
.875 1
.5 .75
.125 1
.25 .625
END
END
Symbol
Name 'triangle'
Type VECTOR
Filled TRUE
Points
0 1
.5 0
1 1
0 1
END
END
Symbol
Name 'square'
Type VECTOR
Filled TRUE
Points
0 1
0 0
1 0
1 1
0 1
END
END
Symbol
Name 'plus'
Type VECTOR
Points
.5 0
.5 1
-99 -99
0 .5
1 .5
END
END
Symbol
Name 'cross'
Type VECTOR
Points
0 0
1 1
-99 -99
0 1
1 0
END
END
Symbol
Name 'circle'
Type ELLIPSE
Filled TRUE
Points
1 1
END
END

Symbol
Type VECTOR
TRANSPARENT 0
Points
0 1
1 1
END
END
Symbol
Type VECTOR
TRANSPARENT 0
Points
1 0
1 1
END
END
Symbol
Type VECTOR
TRANSPARENT 0
Points
0 0
1 1
END
END
Symbol
Type VECTOR
TRANSPARENT 0
Points
0 1
1 0
END
END
Symbol
Type VECTOR
Points
0 1
1 0
-99 -99
0 0
1 1
END
END
Symbol
Type ELLIPSE
Filled TRUE
Points
1 1
END
END