研究了android從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上異步加載圖像,現(xiàn)總結(jié)如下,感興趣的朋友可以了解下哈
研究了android從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上異步加載圖像,現(xiàn)總結(jié)如下: 復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下: private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) { handler.post(new Runnable() { public void run() { Drawable drawable = null; try { drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); } catch (IOException e) { } ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable); } }); } 上面這個(gè)方法缺點(diǎn)很顯然,經(jīng)測(cè)試,如果要加載多個(gè)圖片,這并不能實(shí)現(xiàn)異步加載,而是等到所有的圖片都加載完才一起顯示,因?yàn)樗鼈兌歼\(yùn)行在一個(gè)線程中。 然后,我們可以簡(jiǎn)單改進(jìn)下,將Handler+Runnable模式改為Handler+Thread+Message模式不就能實(shí)現(xiàn)同時(shí)開啟多個(gè)線程嗎? (2)在主線程中new 一個(gè)Handler對(duì)象,代碼如下: 復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下: final Handler handler2=new Handler(){ @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj); } }; 對(duì)應(yīng)加載圖像代碼如下: 復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下: //采用handler+Thread模式實(shí)現(xiàn)多線程異步加載 private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) { Thread thread = new Thread(){ @Override public void run() { Drawable drawable = null; try { drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); } catch (IOException e) { } Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ; message.arg1 = id; message.obj = drawable; handler2.sendMessage(message); } }; thread.start(); thread = null; } 這樣就簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)現(xiàn)了異步加載了。細(xì)想一下,還可以優(yōu)化的,比如引入線程池、引入緩存等,我們先介紹線程池。 (3)引入ExecutorService接口,于是代碼可以優(yōu)化如下: 在主線程中加入:private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); 對(duì)應(yīng)加載圖像方法更改如下: 復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下: // 引入線程池來管理多線程 private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) { executorService.submit(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); handler.post(new Runnable() { public void run() { ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable); } }); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } }); } 4)為了更方便使用我們可以將異步加載圖像方法封裝一個(gè)類,對(duì)外界只暴露一個(gè)方法即可,考慮到效率問題我們可以引入內(nèi)存緩存機(jī)制,做法是建立一個(gè)HashMap,其鍵(key)為加載圖像url,其值(value)是圖像對(duì)象Drawable。先看一下我們封裝的類 復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下: public class AsyncImageLoader3 { //為了加快速度,在內(nèi)存中開啟緩存(主要應(yīng)用于重復(fù)圖片較多時(shí),或者同一個(gè)圖片要多次被訪問,比如在ListView時(shí)來回滾動(dòng)) public Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>(); private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); //固定五個(gè)線程來執(zhí)行任務(wù) private final Handler handler=new Handler(); /** * * @param imageUrl 圖像url地址 * @param callback 回調(diào)接口 * <a href="\"http://www./home.php?mod=space&uid=7300\"" target="\"_blank\"">@return</a> 返回內(nèi)存中緩存的圖像,第一次加載返回null */ public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) { //如果緩存過就從緩存中取出數(shù)據(jù) if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) { SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl); if (softReference.get() != null) { return softReference.get(); } } //緩存中沒有圖像,則從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上取出數(shù)據(jù),并將取出的數(shù)據(jù)緩存到內(nèi)存中 executorService.submit(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png"); imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable)); handler.post(new Runnable() { public void run() { callback.imageLoaded(drawable); } }); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } }); return null; } //從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上取數(shù)據(jù)方法 protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) { try { return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png"); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } //對(duì)外界開放的回調(diào)接口 public interface ImageCallback { //注意 此方法是用來設(shè)置目標(biāo)對(duì)象的圖像資源 public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable); } } 這樣封裝好后使用起來就方便多了。在主線程中首先要引入AsyncImageLoader3 對(duì)象,然后直接調(diào)用其loadDrawable方法即可,需要注意的是ImageCallback接口的imageLoaded方法是唯一可以把加載的圖 像設(shè)置到目標(biāo)ImageView或其相關(guān)的組件上。 在主線程調(diào)用代碼: 先實(shí)例化對(duì)象 private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3(); 調(diào)用異步加載方法: 復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下: //引入線程池,并引入內(nèi)存緩存功能,并對(duì)外部調(diào)用封裝了接口,簡(jiǎn)化調(diào)用過程 private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) { //如果緩存過就會(huì)從緩存中取出圖像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不會(huì)被執(zhí)行 Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() { //請(qǐng)參見實(shí)現(xiàn):如果第一次加載url時(shí)下面方法會(huì)執(zhí)行 public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) { ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable); } }); if(cacheImage!=null){ ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage); } } 5)同理,下面也給出采用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+內(nèi)存緩存代碼,原則同(4),只是把線程池?fù)Q成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代碼如下: 復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下: public class AsyncImageLoader { //為了加快速度,加入了緩存(主要應(yīng)用于重復(fù)圖片較多時(shí),或者同一個(gè)圖片要多次被訪問,比如在ListView時(shí)來回滾動(dòng)) private Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>(); /** * * @param imageUrl 圖像url地址 * @param callback 回調(diào)接口 * @return 返回內(nèi)存中緩存的圖像,第一次加載返回null */ public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) { //如果緩存過就從緩存中取出數(shù)據(jù) if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) { SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl); if (softReference.get() != null) { return softReference.get(); } } final Handler handler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) msg.obj); } }; new Thread() { public void run() { Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl); imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable)); handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable)); } }.start(); /* 下面注釋的這段代碼是Handler的一種代替方法 */ // new AsyncTask() { // @Override // protected Drawable doInBackground(Object... objects) { // Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl); // imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable)); // return drawable; // } // // @Override // protected void onPostExecute(Object o) { // callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) o); // } // }.execute(); return null; } protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) { try { return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "src"); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } //對(duì)外界開放的回調(diào)接口 public interface ImageCallback { public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable); } } 至此,異步加載就介紹完了,下面給出的代碼為測(cè)試用的完整代碼: 復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下: package com.bshark.supertelphone.activity; import android.app.Activity; import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Message; import android.widget.ImageView; import com.bshark.supertelphone.R; import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader; import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader3; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URL; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class LazyLoadImageActivity extends Activity { final Handler handler=new Handler(); final Handler handler2=new Handler(){ @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj); } }; private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); //固定五個(gè)線程來執(zhí)行任務(wù) private AsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader(); private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3(); @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); // loadImage("http://www./images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); // loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); // loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); // loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); // loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); loadImage2("http://www./images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); // loadImage3("http://www./images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); // loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); // loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); // loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); // loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); // loadImage4("http://www./images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); // loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); // loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); // loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); // loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); // loadImage5("http://www./images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1); // //為了測(cè)試緩存而模擬的網(wǎng)絡(luò)延時(shí) // SystemClock.sleep(2000); // loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2); // SystemClock.sleep(2000); // loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3); // SystemClock.sleep(2000); // loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); // SystemClock.sleep(2000); // loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5); // SystemClock.sleep(2000); // loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { executorService.shutdown(); super.onDestroy(); } //線程加載圖像基本原理 private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) { handler.post(new Runnable() { public void run() { Drawable drawable = null; try { drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); } catch (IOException e) { } ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable); } }); } //采用handler+Thread模式實(shí)現(xiàn)多線程異步加載 private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) { Thread thread = new Thread(){ @Override public void run() { Drawable drawable = null; try { drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); } catch (IOException e) { } Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ; message.arg1 = id; message.obj = drawable; handler2.sendMessage(message); } }; thread.start(); thread = null; } // 引入線程池來管理多線程 private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) { executorService.submit(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png"); handler.post(new Runnable() { public void run() { ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable); } }); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } }); } //引入線程池,并引入內(nèi)存緩存功能,并對(duì)外部調(diào)用封裝了接口,簡(jiǎn)化調(diào)用過程 private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) { //如果緩存過就會(huì)從緩存中取出圖像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不會(huì)被執(zhí)行 Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() { //請(qǐng)參見實(shí)現(xiàn):如果第一次加載url時(shí)下面方法會(huì)執(zhí)行 public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) { ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable); } }); if(cacheImage!=null){ ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage); } } //采用Handler+Thread+封裝外部接口 private void loadImage5(final String url, final int id) { //如果緩存過就會(huì)從緩存中取出圖像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不會(huì)被執(zhí)行 Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader3.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader3.ImageCallback() { //請(qǐng)參見實(shí)現(xiàn):如果第一次加載url時(shí)下面方法會(huì)執(zhí)行 public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) { ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable); } }); if(cacheImage!=null){ ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage); } } } xml文件大致如下: 復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下: <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18px"><STRONG>< ?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> < LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas./apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <ImageView android:id="@+id/image1" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> <ImageView android:id="@+id/image2" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> <ImageView android:id="@+id/image3" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> <ImageView android:id="@+id/image5" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> <ImageView android:id="@+id/image4" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView> < /LinearLayout></STRONG></SPAN> |
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