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新目標(biāo)英語九年級第6-10單元重點難點考點及疑點內(nèi)容講解注釋

 許愿真 2014-06-22

Unit 6   I like music that I can dance to.

 

重點、難點、考點及疑點注釋
1. I prefer music that has great lyrics. (P44)我更喜歡有好歌詞的音樂。
prefer是及物動詞,意為“寧愿,更喜歡”,相當(dāng)于like better。
Which do you prefer(=like better), rice or bread?
你比較喜歡哪一樣,米飯還是面包?
句型
◎prefer sb to do sth 表示“寧愿某人做某事”。
They preferred their son to go to the countryside.他們寧可讓兒子去農(nóng)村。
◎prefer+(doing) sth+to (doing) sth表示“寧愿……而不愿……”。
I prefer pears to any other fruit. 我喜歡梨勝過其他的水果。
My grandma prefers taking a walk to sitting in front of the TV.
我奶奶寧愿去散步而不愿看電視。
◎prefer to do sth+rather than do sth表示“寧愿做……而不愿做……”。
My brother preferred to do his homework rather than go to the zoo.
我的弟弟寧愿做作業(yè)而不愿去動物園。
2.  I like music that I can dance to.(P44)我喜歡能伴舞的音樂。
dance to是“跟著跳舞”的意思。
They danced to the disco music. 他們跟著迪斯科音樂跳舞。
3.  The music reminds me of Brazilian dance music.(P46)這音樂使我回想起巴西的舞蹈音樂。
remind sb of sb/sth表示“使某人回想起某人/某物”。
This song reminds me of China. 這首歌曲使我想起了中國。
Thank you for reminding me of the meeting I have to attend.
謝謝你提醒我去開那個必須參加的會。
4.  What do you think of it? (P46)你認(rèn)為它怎么樣?
think of和what連用,表示“覺得……怎樣”,“認(rèn)為……如何”,常用來詢問對方對某人或某一事物的看法、感受、印象如何,相當(dāng)于How do you like...?
What do you think of the story?=How do you like the story?
你覺得這個故事怎么樣?
短語
◎think highly of... “對……評價高”。
We think highly of their research in the field.
我們對他們在這領(lǐng)域里的研究評價很高。
◎think ill of... “對……評價不好”。
Don’t think ill of him. 不要把他想得太壞。
5.  I can’t stand music that.... (P46)我不能忍受……音樂。
動詞stand在這里表示“忍受,經(jīng)受”。
I can’t stand the fellow. 我不能忍受那家伙。
Can you stand the pain? 你受得了這疼痛嗎?
6.  It does have a few good features, though. (P48)可是,它的確有一些好的特色。
助動詞does在本句中表示強(qiáng)調(diào),說明我們對正在討論的事感情強(qiáng)烈,does要重讀,后面接動詞原形。
You do look nice today. 你今天看起來真是漂亮。
She does talk a lot, doesn’t she? 她的確愛說話,不是嗎?
知識拓展
◎助動詞does可用在肯定句中,避免重復(fù)前面已經(jīng)用過的某個動詞。
She said she’d help me and she did. 她說她將幫助我,她也是這樣做的。
◎祈使句中用do可以使邀請的口氣更加客氣、熱情或友好。
Do sit down! 請坐!
7.  ... and some of her best loved photos are on display in this exhibition. (P48)……她的部分深受好評的攝影照片也在這次展覽會上展出。
本句中的on display表示“展出,陳列”,與on show同義。
They saw many old things on display (=on show).
他們看到許多展出的文物。
New spring suits are on display (=on show) in the shop window.
商店櫥窗陳列著新式春裝。
8.  ...they don’t interest me as much. (P48)……它們同樣喚不起我的興趣。
(1)interest 作動詞時,表示“使發(fā)生興趣,引起注意”。
The story does not interest me. 這故事引不起我的興趣。
I try to interest him in our plan. 我設(shè)法使他對我們的計劃感興趣。
◎interest sb in doing sth
He tried to interest me in buying the house. 他想說服我買這座房子。
(2)as much在句中表示“同樣地,同等程度地”。
That is as much as saying I am a liar. 那無異于說我撒謊了。
9.  Whatever you do, don’t miss this exhibition. (P48)無論如何都別錯過這次展覽。
whatever在這里是連接代詞,意為“任何的事物”、“無論什么”、“無論什么樣的”等,是由“疑問詞+ever”構(gòu)成的。
Whatever has a beginning also has an end. 凡事有始必有終。
Whatever you do, you should always do carefully.
不管做什么,你都應(yīng)該認(rèn)真。
知識拓展
類似的詞還有whenever, wherever, however, whoever,分別是“無論什么時候”、“無論在哪里”、“無論什么方式”、“無論誰”的意思。
Whenever I meet him, he says hello to me with a smile.
無論什么時候我遇到他,他都微笑著和我打招呼。
The little boy went wherever his mother went.
不論他媽媽去哪兒,這個小男孩都跟著。
In my own house, I can do whatever I wish. 在自己家中,我可以隨心所欲。
Uncle Tom told his story to whoever wanted to listen.
誰愛聽,湯姆叔叔就把他的故事講給誰。
10.  ...I’m lucky to be here for my six-month English course. (P49)……我很幸運在這里上6個月的英語課。
six-month是由數(shù)詞加名詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞,中間用連字符連接起來作定語修飾后面的名詞。
a two-month holiday=two months’ holiday =a holiday of two months
兩個月的假期
a twenty-floor building =a building of twenty floors
一座二十層的樓
辨析
房間里有兩個18歲大的男孩。
誤:There are two 18-years-old boys in the room.
正:There are two 18-year-old boys in the room.
辨析
注意:連字符后緊跟的名詞必須用單數(shù)。
11.  I prefer quiet, traditional music so the concert suited me just fine. (P49)我更愿意聽安靜的傳統(tǒng)的音樂,因此音樂會更適合我的胃口。
(1)quiet 表示“平靜的,寧靜的”,是一個常用詞。
This is a quiet street. 這是一條寧靜的街道。
(2)suit 表示“適合,合適,相稱”,后面既可以接賓語,也可以不接賓語。
The dress suits well. 這衣服很合身。
The dress suits me well. 這衣服很合我身。
12.  My host family is taking me over to an Indian film festival next weekend. (P49)我的房東一家下周末將帶我去參加一個印度電影節(jié)。
host 的意思是“主人,東道主(可數(shù))”;host family則是指 “房東家”,表示“所借住的人家”。
China is the host country for the 2008 Olympic Games.
中國是2008年奧運會的東道主。
提示
在英語中,“女主人”常用hostess表示。
A good hostess makes her guests comfortable.
一個好的女主人使她的客人十分舒適。
13.  I’m not sure what to expect because I’ve never seen an Indian film. (P49)我沒有抱多大的指望,因為我從未看過印度電影。
expect是及物動詞,意為“期待,盼望”,其后面常跟動詞不定式、從句等。
She expects to come back on Sunday. 她預(yù)計星期天回來。
I expect that I’ll finish my homework in 10 minutes.
我預(yù)計10分鐘后就能做完作業(yè)。
提示
expect的后面還可以跟復(fù)合賓語。
What do you expect me to say to the teacher? 你希望我和老師說些什么?
14.  People who eat a balanced diet should be healthier than those who only eat biscuits and hamburgers, shouldn’t they? (P50)飲食平衡的人比僅吃餅干和漢堡包的人更健康,不是嗎?
本句中的diet意為“飲食,食物”,指的是習(xí)慣上吃的食物或規(guī)定要吃的食物,特指維持健康的定量或定質(zhì)的食物,如病人的療養(yǎng)飲食。
Proper diet and exercise are both important to health.
適當(dāng)?shù)娘嬍澈湾憻拰】刀己苤匾?br> The doctor has ordered me a special diet. 醫(yī)生給我安排了特殊的飲食。

 

Unit 7  Where would you like to visit?

重點、難點、考點及疑點注釋
1.  Where would you like to go on vacation, Sam? (P52)山姆,你想去哪兒度假呀?
(1)go on是不及物動詞詞組,意為“繼續(xù)”,其后不能跟名詞或代詞作賓語。
The teacher asked him to stop talking, but he still went on.
老師叫他別講,可他還是講個不停
◎go on后面可以接動詞不定式或動詞-ing形式,但它們的意義不同。
Let’s go on discussing the question. 咱們繼續(xù)談?wù)撨@個問題吧。
Let’s go on to discuss the question. 咱們接著談?wù)摿硗庖粋€問題吧。
短語
go on with表示“繼續(xù)”,后面可直接跟名詞或代詞作賓語。
Then Miss Gao went back to her desk and went on with the lesson.
然后高老師回到講桌后邊,繼續(xù)上課。
◎go on with可與go on doing sth 互換。
Go on with your work(=Go on doing your work).繼續(xù)做你的工作去吧。
提示
holiday還可以用來表示“節(jié)日”,“紀(jì)念日”。
Everyone was in his holiday clothes. 人人都穿上了節(jié)日的盛裝。
2.  v-ing型形容詞和v-ed型形容詞
本單元出現(xiàn)了大量v-ing型形容詞,那么大家對它的用法熟悉嗎?在英語中,某些動詞的后面加上-ing或-ed,可以變成形容詞。
v-ing型形容詞具有主動或進(jìn)行的含義,是人或物本身所具有的品質(zhì)。常見的詞有:
surprise—surprising 令人驚奇的                 excite—exciting令人興奮的
bore—boring 令人討厭的        interest—interesting 有趣的
develop—developing 發(fā)展中的        move—moving 感人的
inspire—inspiring 鼓舞人心的
v-ed型形容詞具有被動或已完成的含義,是由于受到某種影響而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常見的詞有:
surprise—surprised感到驚奇的        bore—bored 感到厭惡的
excite—excited 感到興奮的        interest—interested感興趣的
develop—developed 發(fā)達(dá)的         move—moved 受感動的
inspire—inspired受到鼓舞的         please—pleased 高興的
3. For your next vacation, why not consider visiting Paris? (P54)下一次假期為什么不考慮去巴黎呢?
(1)Why not+動詞原形相當(dāng)于Why don’t you+動詞原形,表示“為什么不……”,常用來向別人提建議。
Why not study hard? 為什么不努力學(xué)習(xí)?
Why don’t you ask the policeman for help? 怎么不向那個警察尋求幫助呢?
(2)consider 表示“考慮,細(xì)想”,相當(dāng)于think about,后面接動詞時,應(yīng)用動詞的-ing形式。
I first considered writing to him, but then decided to see him.
我開始想寫信給他,但后來決定去見他。
4.  Paris is the capital of France, and is one of the liveliest cities in Europe. (P54)巴黎是法國的首都,是歐洲最活躍的城市之一。
lively是形容詞,意為“活潑的,活躍的,有生氣的”,在句中作定語或表語,用來修飾人或物。
She is a lively girl. 她是個活潑的女孩。
The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games.
運動場上要進(jìn)行各種球類比賽,呈現(xiàn)出一派生氣勃勃的景象。
注意:
◎alive作形容詞,意為“活著的,在世的”,常作表語,但有時也作后置定語或補(bǔ)語。
He must be alive, for he is still breathing slightly.
他一定還活著,因為他還在輕微呼吸。
He is the only person alive in the accident. 他是這次事故中惟一活下來的人。
An enemy officer was caught alive. 一名敵人軍官被活捉了。
◎living是形容詞,意為“活著的”,常位于名詞之前或之后作定語;作表語時與alive意思相同。
We now know there are no living things on the moon.
我們現(xiàn)在知道月球上沒有生物。
Is his grandfather still living/alive? 他的祖父還活著嗎?
◎live讀作/laiv/時,也作形容詞,意為“活著的”,常放在名詞之前作定語,它一般不用來修飾人;live讀/liv/時,是動詞,意為“生活,生存”。
The cat was playing with a live mouse. 這只貓在玩弄一只活老鼠。
Pandas usually live in the south and the southeast of China.
熊貓通常生活在中國的南部和東南部。
5.  It doesn’t have any beaches or mountains, but there are still many things to do there. (P54)它沒有沙灘和山脈,但是在那兒仍然有很多的事情可做。
在本句中連詞or連接兩個被否定的并列成分。
The world’s favorite food isn’t English, Italian, Indian or Japanese, but it’s American fast food. 世界上最受歡迎的食品不是英國食品、意大利食品、印度食品和日本食品,而是美國快餐。
辨析:
他沒有弟弟, 也沒有妹妹。
誤:He has no brothers and sisters.
正:He has no brothers or sisters.
辨析:
在否定句,or是“也不”的意思,而and表示的卻是肯定的意義。因此,上句還可以寫為He has no brothers and no sisters。
知識拓展
連詞or在“祈使句+or+簡單句”句型中, 表示“否則,不然”,引出一個相反的結(jié)果,本句型可以轉(zhuǎn)換為含否定的if從句。
Get up early, or you’ll be late for school.
→If you don’t get up early, you’ll be late for school.早點起,否則你就會遲到。
短語
◎either...or表示“不是……,就是……”;“或者……,或者……”。
Either you or I am right. 不是你對就是我對。
◎sooner or later意為“遲早”。
Don’t worry. Sooner or later, we can speak English well.
別擔(dān)心,遲早我們能說好英語。
6.  ...including the Eiffel Tower and Notre Dame Cathedral, one of the most famous churches in the world. (P54)……包括埃菲爾鐵塔和巴黎圣母院,世界上最著名的教堂之一。
(1)本句中的include意為“包括”,“連……在內(nèi)”,指包括或容納某東西成為整體的一部分,側(cè)重于對比整體與部分。
The money I gave you includes Xiao Wang’s. 我給你的錢里包括了小王的。
The coins included examples of almost all the types of Chinese coin.
這些硬幣包括了幾乎所有的中國硬幣的品種。
特別提示
contain意為“含有,包含,里面裝有”,指某物容納比其更小的東西,側(cè)重所含的量與成分。
The basket contains a variety of fruits. 這個籃子里裝有各種水果。
These foods should contain some fat, some fiber, a little salt and so on.
這些食物應(yīng)該含有一些脂肪、纖維,還應(yīng)該有一點鹽等等。
(2)本句中的famous 是形容詞,常用于be famous as或be famous for結(jié)構(gòu)中,意為“因……而聞名”。
◎當(dāng)主語是表示人的名詞時,be famous as表示“以某種身份而出名”,be famous for表示“以某種知識、技能或作品而出名”。
Einstein was famous as a great scientist. 愛因斯坦以一位偉大的科學(xué)家而著名。
Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity. 愛因斯坦以他的相對論而著名。
7.  Isn’t it supposed to be very hot? (P54)難道天氣不應(yīng)該是很熱的嗎?
(1)這是一個否定形式的一般疑問句,用來表示說話人提出自己的建議或看法,并希望得到對方肯定的答復(fù)。有時它也表示驚訝、不相信、挖苦、批評等意義,其構(gòu)成是:Isn’t(Aren’t, Don’t, Won’t, Can’t, Couldn’t, Didn’t, Haven’t, Hasn’t等)+主語?
Isn’t he a League member? 難道他不是團(tuán)員嗎?
Haven’t you known him yet? I saw you having dinner with him just now.
你難道還不認(rèn)識他嗎?剛才我還見你和他一起吃飯了呢。
(2)be supposed to 的意思與should近似,意為“被期望或被要求做某事”。
Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or the single one?
我是應(yīng)該打掃所有房間還是這個單間?
You’re supposed to start work at 8∶30 every morning.
你應(yīng)該每天早晨八點半開始工作。
8.  My family and I want to take a trip this summer somewhere in the east of China. (P56)今年夏天,我和家人想到中國東部的某個地方去旅行。
(1)名詞trip指短距離的旅行,常含有回到原出發(fā)地之意。有時在口語中也指遠(yuǎn)程旅行,這時可與journey替換。
Have a good trip. 一路順風(fēng)。
During the four-hour trip, he wandered from car to car.
在四小時的旅途中,他在各個車廂之間逛來逛去。
9.  I hope you can provide me with some information about the kinds of vacations that your firm can offer. (P56)我希望你能給我提供一些貴公司能提供的各種假期旅游的信息。
(1)provide 作動詞,表示“供應(yīng),供給;預(yù)先約定”,可作及物動詞,也可作不及物動詞。
The farm provided them all the food they needed.
農(nóng)場提供他們所需要的全部食物。
(2)firm表示“公司,商號,商行”等意思,常指商行,不用于商號名稱。
He is thinking of starting another firm in Paris.
他正在考慮在巴黎另開一家公司。
特別提示
offer可作名詞,意為“提供,提議,提出”,后面接名詞或動詞不定式作賓語。
He offered me a glass of wine. 他給了我一杯酒。
The driver offered to drive us to the station.
那位司機(jī)主動提出送我們?nèi)セ疖囌尽?br> 10.  It would be nice if our hotel had rooms with kitchens so we could save money by cooking our own meals. (P56)如果我們住的賓館房間帶有廚房那就太好了,那樣的話我們可以自己做飯,也就節(jié)省錢了。
(1)with kitchens是介詞短語,在句中作定語修飾rooms。with在這里意為“具有,帶有”,由其連接的介詞短語在句中作定語修飾名詞,常用以說明人或物的特征;作狀語時,表示一個伴隨狀態(tài)。
Mrs Smith is a woman with big eyes and long hair.
史密斯太太是一位大眼睛、長頭發(fā)的婦女。
(2)動詞save 在本句中是“節(jié)省”的意思。
If you want to save time, you’d better make a list before you go shopping.
如果你想節(jié)省時間,去買東西之前,先列一張購物清單。
知識拓展
save還有“拯救”,“搶救”,“搭救”;“儲存”,“保存”等多種意思。
A lot of land has been saved by the Great Green Wall.
綠色長城拯救了許多土地。
My father saved a lot of money in the bank.
我父親在銀行里存了許多錢。
11.  We all dream about things that we would like to do, and things we hope to achieve in the future. (P58) 我們都夢想著自己想要做的事情,以及我們希望將來要實現(xiàn)的事情。
本句中的in the future意為“將來,未來”,即in the time yet to come。
Who can tell what will happen in the future?
誰能知道將來會發(fā)生什么?
In the future, shopping can be done by videophone.
在將來,購買東西能在可視電話中進(jìn)行。
特別提示
in future意為“今后”,相當(dāng)于from now on。
In future, be more careful with your spelling.
今后你要更加注意你的拼寫。
I advise you not to eat fruit that isn’t ripe in future.
我勸你今后不要吃不熟的水果。
12.  According to the survey, less realistic dreams are also common... (P58)根據(jù)調(diào)查得知,不現(xiàn)實的夢想也很普遍……。
本句中的common意為“普通的”,“常見的”,“不足為奇的”,有時常發(fā)生,對每個人、每個地方都普遍的意思。
Snow is common in cold countries. 在寒冷的國家,下雪是常見的事情。
特別提示
usual意為“平常的”,“通常的”,指在某一地方、某一時間或某一人身上所常見的,往往指常用的東西或常發(fā)生的事情。
We followed the usual method of test.我們采用了通常的測試方法。

 

Unit 8   I'll help clean up the city parks.

重點、難點、考點及疑點注釋
1.  I’d like to help homeless people. (P60)我想幫助無家可歸的人。
homeless是形容詞,意為“無家可歸的”,由home+后綴-less構(gòu)成。
特別提示
less后綴通常加在名詞的后面,構(gòu)成形容詞,表示與原來名詞意思相反的形容詞,如groundless 無根據(jù)的, odorless 無氣味的, careless粗心的,useless無用的。
2.  You could help clean up the city parks. (P60)你可以幫著打掃城市公園。
◎clean up是“清除、除去(垃圾、污物)”等,使地方干凈。
Please clean up the room after the party. 聚會后把房間打掃干凈。
We should clean up the dirty parts of the sea.
我們應(yīng)該清除海里的污染部分。
◎clean up還可以表示“掙得,贏得(多少錢)”。
He cleaned up a small fortune. 他發(fā)了一筆小財。
特別提示
clean oneself up意為“洗干凈”。
Your hands are dirty, you’d better clean yourself up.
你的手臟了,你應(yīng)該洗洗它們。
3.  You could give out food at a food bank. (P60)你可以在食品供應(yīng)站分發(fā)食品。
give out在這里是“分發(fā)”,“散發(fā)”的意思。
Our English teacher gave out the examination papers when the bell rang.
我們的英語老師在鈴響的時候分發(fā)試卷。
◎另外一個意思為“用完”,“消耗盡”。
After a week their food supplies gave out. 一周之后,他們的食物供應(yīng)用完了。
◎還有一個意思為“發(fā)出”,“送出”。
The sun gives out a lot of heat. 太陽能發(fā)出熱量。
4.  He looks sad. Let’s cheer him up.(P61)他看上去很傷心。我們?nèi)退褡髌饋戆伞?br> cheer up sb或cheer sb up意為“(使某人)高興起來,振作起來”。如果是代詞做賓語,則將代詞放在中間。
Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 不要發(fā)愁啦,這消息不錯嘛!
He took her to the ballet to cheer her up.
他為了使她高興起來,便帶她去看芭蕾舞。
5.  This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week, so it is a major commitment. (P62)這份義工每周花了他們每個人好幾個小時的時間,所以這是一個重大的貢獻(xiàn)。
(1)each of them是指“他們中的每一個”。如果做主語,則謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
知識拓展
each與every的用法
◎each指一個整體中的每一個,強(qiáng)調(diào)個體;every著重于全體的總和,強(qiáng)調(diào)整體。試比較:
Each has a different book. (強(qiáng)調(diào)各有不同。)
Here every child at the age of six can go to school. (側(cè)重整體,無一例外。)
◎each可作形容詞及代詞,而every只能作形容詞,但可與-one,-body,-thing等構(gòu)成復(fù)合代詞。
◎each用在代詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞前要用介詞of連接,如each of them, each of the boys; every不能直接跟of連接,如不可以說every of them,而要說every one of them或each of them。
◎every還可以表示“每隔”,后接基數(shù)詞加名詞,如every four weeks, every three months等,此種結(jié)構(gòu)中的every不能用each代替。
She had a rest every fives minutes. 她每隔5分鐘就休息一會兒。
魔力糾錯
①街道兩旁有許多商店。
誤:There are many shops on every side of the street.
正:There are many shops on each side of the street.
魔力解析
each可以用來指兩個或兩個以上的人或物,但是every卻總是指三個或三個以上的人或物,不能指兩者。
6.  Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. (P62)我不僅對幫助別人感到很滿足,而且我還漸漸地花時間做自己喜愛做的事情。
(1)not only ... but also (also可省略)是“不但……而且……”的意思,當(dāng)置于句首時,not only后面從句的主謂要倒裝,但but (also)后面的主謂不用倒裝。
Not only has he been to Canada, but (also) he knows some Canadians.
他不僅去過加拿大,而且還認(rèn)識許多加拿大人。
Not only did he teach at school, but (also) he wrote novels.
他不僅在學(xué)校里教書,而且還寫小說。
7.  “Don’t put it off,” says HuiPing. “Become a volunteer today!” (P62) “別猶豫”,慧萍說,“今天就來當(dāng)一名自愿者吧!”
(1)put off 意思是“推遲,拖延”。
Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today. 今日事今日畢。
They put off the soccer game because of the rain.
因為下雨,他們把球賽推遲了。
You should not put off going to see the doctor. 你不應(yīng)該拖延去看醫(yī)生。
◎put off還可意為“關(guān)掉”,相當(dāng)于turn off。
Please put off the lights before you leave the classroom.
在你離開教室之前,請關(guān)掉燈。
(2)become是系動詞,表示“變成,成為”,后面接名詞、形容詞、過去分詞等。
She became famous in her city. 她在她所在城市的成為名人了。
知識拓展
become后可接介詞of,構(gòu)成what becomes of sb/sth 表示“某人/某事進(jìn)展如何”。
What became of the dreams of our youth? 我們年輕時的理想何在?
特別提示
系動詞get, turn , grow和become都可表示“變得,感到”,其區(qū)別是:
◎get用于日常用語,后面常跟比較級。
The weather gets colder, and the days get shorter. 天氣變冷了,白天變短了。
◎turn指在顏色和性質(zhì)等方面變得與原來不同。
His face turned red. 他的臉變紅了。
◎grow著重變化過程。
It’s growing dark. 天漸漸地變黑了。
◎become是指身份、職位的變化,作瞬間動詞時,指狀態(tài)的變化。
He became an artist. 他成為了一名藝術(shù)家。
8.  Jimmy takes after his mother. (P63)吉米的言行舉止像他媽媽。
本句中的take after sb 表示“長相或舉止像(某個長輩)”,不能用于被動語態(tài)。
To my surprise, Jack doesn’t take after his father at all.
令我驚奇的是,杰克和他爸爸長的一點兒也不像。
Mary really takes after her mother, she has the same eyes, nose, and hair.
瑪麗長得真像她媽媽,眼睛、鼻子和頭發(fā)一個樣。
9.  Jimmy has run out of money. (P63)吉米把錢花光了。
run out of意為“用完”,其主語通常是人,表示主動含義,后面跟賓語。
He has run out of ink.他用完了墨水。
I’m afraid we’re run out of petrol.我們的汽油怕是已用完了。
特別提示
run out也是“用完”的意思,其主語通常是被使用的事物,如時間、金錢、食物等,但不用于被動語態(tài),同時其后也不能跟賓語。
His money soon ran out. 他的錢很快就花完了。
Have you nearly finished? Time is running out. 你快做完了嗎?時間快到了。
10.  I fix up bikes and give them away. (P63)我修理好自行車,然后捐贈出去。
(1)fix up相當(dāng)于to repair,表示“修理,修補(bǔ),整理”,其后跟物件名詞作賓語。
My watch sometimes gains and sometimes loses. Can you fix it up for me?
我的表有時快,有時慢,你能幫我修修嗎?
My mother is too old to live on her own, so we’re fixing up the spare room for her. 我母親年齡太大了,不能自己生活,所以我們正收拾這個多出的房間讓她住。
特別提示
如果fix up的賓語是“人”的話,則構(gòu)成fix sb up with sth句型,表示“為某人安排某件事,向某人提供某物”。
I’ll fix you up with a place to stay. 我來給你安排住處。
(2)give sth away 意思是“捐贈,贈送”。
The rich man gave away most of his money to charity.
那個富人把他的大部分錢都捐給了慈善事業(yè)。
知識拓展
◎give away還可以表示“分發(fā)或贈與某物,由于大意而未利用或抓住(時機(jī),機(jī)會等)”。
The headmaster gave away the prizes at the school sports day.
校長在學(xué)校運動會上頒發(fā)了獎品。
◎give away還可以表示“有意或無意地泄露某事情或出賣某人”。
The woman gave away state secrets to the enemy.
那個婦女把國家機(jī)密泄露給了敵人。
11.  He even handed out advertisements at a local supermarket. (P64)他甚至在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患页猩l(fā)廣告。
hand out意為“散發(fā)”,其中hand是動詞。
The teacher is handing out the maths papers. 老師在發(fā)數(shù)學(xué)試卷。
短語鏈語
hand in“面交”,“上交”。
The students are handing their papers in.學(xué)生們在交試卷。
12.  Then he told the teachers at school about his problem ... (P64)然后他告訴老師自己的問題……
tell sb about sth是“把某事告訴某人”的意思,有時表示“囑咐或語氣較輕的命令”,常用于tell sb to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)。
The teacher told us about his story. 老師給我們講了他的故事。
My mother usually tells me to be careful on my way to school.
媽媽常常告訴我在去上學(xué)的路上一定要小心。
13.  The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. (P64)他想到的那些辦法獲得了成功。
(1)這是一個由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,先行詞是前面的strategies。動詞短語worked out在這里作主語the strategies的謂語,意為“產(chǎn)生結(jié)果,發(fā)展為,結(jié)果是……”,后面不可接賓語,主語也不用“人”來充當(dāng)。
I wonder how their ideas worked out in practice.
我很想知道他們的想法在實踐中取得了什么結(jié)果。
We didn’t plan it like that but it worked out very well.
我們原不是那樣計劃的,但結(jié)果卻很好。
知識拓展
work out的其它用法
It was the best solution that he was able to work out at this time.
這是他這時能想出的最好的解決辦法了。(想出)
I can’t work out the meaning of this poem.  我理解不了這首詩的意思。(理解)
短語鏈語
◎work on意為“從事”。
Professor Green is working on a new book. 格林教授正在寫一本新書。
He is working on a maths problem. 他正在算一道數(shù)學(xué)難題。
◎work on后面無賓語時,表示繼續(xù)工作。
It’s very late, but they were still working on.
時間很晚了,但他們?nèi)匀辉诶^續(xù)工作。
(2)fine在這里是副詞,可與well替換,意思是“好,順利”。
The machine works fine. 這臺機(jī)器運行很好。
Sam is doing fine in his new business.
薩姆在他的新業(yè)務(wù)中一切進(jìn)展順利。
14.  ...Who has filled my life with pleasure. (P66)……使我生活充滿快樂的人。
(1)本句中的fill...with...表示一個動作,意為“用……裝滿……”,其主語通常是人。
He filled the bag with books. 他在書包里裝滿了書。
Please fill the bottle with milk. 請將瓶子裝滿牛奶。
知識拓展
be filled with表示一個狀態(tài),意為“裝滿了……”,相當(dāng)于be full of,其主語通常是人或物。
The room was filled with smoke. 房間里濃煙彌漫。
Her eyes were filled with tears. 她眼睛里充滿了淚水。
(2)pleasure意為“高興,快樂”,是不可數(shù)名詞;表示“樂趣,高興的事”時是可數(shù)名詞。
Reading gives me great pleasure. 讀書給了我很多快樂。
It is one of my greatest pleasures. 它是我最大樂趣之一。
◎在口語中It’s pleasure. 是回答感謝的客套語。
—Thank you for your help. 感謝你的幫助。
—It’s a pleasure. 不用謝。
特別提示
◎pleased是形容詞,意為“自己感到高興的,欣喜的,滿意的”,指以任何方式表現(xiàn)出來或未表現(xiàn)出來的滿足與快樂,在句中常用作表語,其主語為人。
The two friends were very pleased to see each other again.
這兩個朋友非常高興再次見面。
I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me.
使我高興的是經(jīng)理已經(jīng)不再生我的氣了。
◎pleasant也是形容詞,表示“使人感到愉快/滿意”,一般用作定語,如主語是物,也可以用作表語。
It’s pleasant weather today. 今天的天氣令人愉快。
It’s very pleasant to sit down after standing for hours.
站了幾小時后坐下來很舒服。
◎please是動詞,表示“(使)高興,滿意,愉快”。
Does the cloth please you? 這布料合你的意嗎?
15.  Because I can’t use my arms or legs well, normal things like answering the telephone, opening and shutting doors, or carrying things have always been difficult for me. (P66)因為我不能靈活地使用我的手和腳,像接電話、開關(guān)門、拿東西這樣的事情對于我來說都很難。
(1)本句中的shut意為“關(guān)”,在許多情況下可以與close互換,只是后者語氣較弱,如close the door關(guān)門(也可能指半開半閉),shut the door關(guān)門(指把門關(guān)緊)。
That shop shuts at eight pm. 那家商店八點鐘關(guān)門。
He closed his speech with a funny joke. 他用一個有趣的笑話結(jié)束了演說。
◎當(dāng)表示“關(guān)閉公路,鐵路或交通工具”或作“結(jié)束”講時,只用close。
They have closed the road for thick fog. 由于大霧,那條公路被關(guān)閉。
特別提示
turn off用來表示“關(guān)閉”有開關(guān)的東西,如收音機(jī)、電視、煤氣、水龍頭等。
Please turn off the light when you leave the lab.
在你離開實驗室前關(guān)掉燈。
Make sure the gas is turned off before you go to bed.
確保上床前把煤氣關(guān)掉。
(2)本句中的carry意為“搬運,攜帶”,不表示帶到什么地方,而攜帶的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。
She carried a baby in her arms. 她懷里抱了一個孩子。
He was carrying a wooden box on his shoulder.他扛著一個木箱。
特別提示
在后面“Lucky! Fetch my book.”一句中出現(xiàn)的fetch相當(dāng)于go and bring back,意為“取來,接來”,表示一往一返。
Let’s fetch some water. 咱們?nèi)ゴ螯c水來。
People had to walk many kilometers in order to fetch wood.
為了取木料,人們不得不走許多公里路。

 

 

Unit 9  When was it invented?

 

重點、難點、考點及疑點注釋
1.  They’re used for seeing in the dark. (P69)它們被用于在黑夜里觀看。
be used for表示“被用來做……”,介詞for表示目的和用途,后面接名詞或動詞-ing形式。
Wood can be used for making paper.木材可以被用來造紙。
知識拓展
含有be used的常用短語:
◎be used as表示“被用作……”,介詞as意思是“作為”的意思,其后一般接名詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)使用的工具及手段。
This book can be used as a textbook.這本書可以當(dāng)作教科書來用。
◎be used by表示“被……使用”,by后接動作的執(zhí)行者。
This kind of machine is used by farmers for getting in crops.
農(nóng)民們用這種機(jī)器來收割莊稼。
2.  I think the most helpful invention is the light bulb. (P70)我認(rèn)為最有用的發(fā)明是燈泡。
helpful是由名詞help加上-ful后綴構(gòu)成的形容詞,意為“有幫助的”,類似的形容詞還有:
thank—thankful (感謝的,感激的)        grate—grateful(感謝的,感激的)
use—useful (有用的)        wonder—wonderful(令人驚奇的)
forget—forgetful (健忘的)         success—successful(成功的)
beauty—beautiful (美麗的)         pain—painful(疼痛的)
3.  I’d like to have a radio because I could listen to music all day. (P70)我想有一個收音機(jī),這樣我就可以整天聽音樂了。
本句中的情態(tài)動詞could用來表示邏輯上或理論上的可能性,而不是某種實際上將要發(fā)生或正在發(fā)生的可能性。
Anybody could make mistake.任何人都可能犯錯誤。
The weather here could be very cold in winter. 冬天這兒的天氣很冷。
特別提示
could也表示人或動物的內(nèi)在能力,有某種知識或者技能而能夠做某事。
He hurt his foot and couldn’t play soccer. 他的腳受了傷,所以他不能踢足球了。
4.  The potato chips were invented by mistake. (P71)土豆條的發(fā)明純屬歪打正著。
(1) potato chips是一個復(fù)合名詞,其中第一個名詞用作定語修飾后一個名詞,這樣的例子有很多,又如: alarm clock, telephone number等。
知識拓展
復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則,你一定要牢記啊!
◎通常只把主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)
school boy—school boys(男生)   apple tree—apple trees(蘋果樹)
vegetable sandwich—vegetable sandwiches(蔬菜三明治)
girl friend—girl friends(女朋友)
◎如果沒有主體名詞,在最后一個名詞上用復(fù)數(shù)。
good-for-nothing—good-for-nothings(飯桶、無用的人)
three-year-old—three-year-olds(三歲的孩子)
◎由man, woman和另外一個名詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞,兩個部分都要用復(fù)數(shù)。
man teacher—men teachers(男教師)
gentleman farmer—gentlemen farmers (鄉(xiāng)紳)
(2)by mistake 表示“錯誤地(因粗心、遺忘等所致)”。
Sorry, I took your bag by mistake. 對不起,我錯拿了你的手提包。
短語鏈語
mistake ... for “錯把……當(dāng)作……”
5.  George Crum cooked them for a long time until they were crispy. (P71)George Crum將它們做了很長時間,直到它們變脆了。
until常用作介詞或連詞,用來引導(dǎo)介詞短語或從句在句子中作時間狀語。
◎在肯定句中,until與延續(xù)性、持續(xù)性動詞連用,表示“直到……為止”。
I worked until late in the afternoon. 我一直干到下午很晚的時候。
◎在否定句中,until常與瞬間動詞、短暫性動詞連用,表示“直到……才……”,“不到……不……”。
The rain didn’t stop until midnight. 雨直到半夜才停。
I won’t leave until you promise to help me. 你不答應(yīng)幫助我,我不會離開。
6.  And he sprinkled lots of salt on them so they were salty. (P71) 然后,他在上面撒很多鹽,這樣它們就咸了。
(1)sprinkle 是“撒、灑”的意思,常構(gòu)成sprinkle A on/over B 或sprinkle B with A表示“撒(某物)于(某物的表面)”。
She sprinkled sand along the icy path. 她往結(jié)冰的路上撒了些沙子。
He sprinkled vinegar on his fish and chips. 他往魚和土豆上灑了些醋。
(2)salt是不可數(shù)名詞,其形容詞是salty。在英語中,很多名詞后加-y可以構(gòu)成形容詞,表示“充滿/包含……”,其意思與原來詞匯的意思相同,只是詞性不同,如cloud—cloudy, hair—hairy, rose—rosy, sleep—sleepy等。
7.  Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time. (P72)附近叢林里的一些樹葉掉進(jìn)了水里,并留在那里很長時間。
(1) fall into在這里是“落入、陷入”的意思。
Some ash fell into my cup. 一些灰掉進(jìn)我的杯子里了。
A ripe fruit happened to fall into his hand. 一個熟了的果子碰巧掉在他手里。
(2)fall into有時也可以作“開始”解。
He fell into conversation with me. 他開始和我談起話來。
(3)remain 表示“繼續(xù)、依然、停留”,后面接名詞,動詞不定式。
He remained a prisoner for the rest of his life. 他的余生都在牢中度過。
It sounds a good idea, but it remains to be seen whether it will succeed.聽起來這是個好注意,可是它能否成功,要等以后才能知曉。
(4)remain后面也可以接副詞或介詞短語。
She remains in the house all these days. 她這些天一直呆在那棟房子里。
Three out of four of them remained single. 他們四個人中有三個人還是單身。
特別提示
remain還有“剩下、殘余”的意思。
I can’t go to the cinema because I have a lot of homework remained undone.
我不能去看電影,因為我還有很多作業(yè)未做。
8.  And in this way, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented. (P72)就這樣,世界上最受歡迎的一種飲料產(chǎn)生了。
本句中的in the way意為“就這樣”,“以這種方式”。
The song was composed in this way. 這首歌就這樣被創(chuàng)作出來了。
In this way, you will find the answer to this question.
用這種方法,你可以找到這個問題的答案。
知識拓展
way主要有以下幾種用法:
◎表示“方法”,接不定式,...way to do sth這一結(jié)構(gòu)等于...way of doing sth。
Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent(of preventing) disease.
科學(xué)家們正在尋找預(yù)防疾病的方法。
There are many ways of traveling(to travel), for example, by air.
旅行有許多方式,例如乘飛機(jī)。
◎表示“路途”,“路線”,常構(gòu)成on one’s/the way to...“在……的途中”。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,介詞to表示方向,后接名詞。如果后面接地點副詞如here, there, home時則不用to。
I’m on my way home.我正在回家的路上。
She’s on her way to see the film.她正在去看電影的路上。
◎表示“方向”。
Look this way.看這邊。
Go that way.往那邊走。
◎表示“距離”,“路程”。
Beijing is a long way from here.北京離這里很遠(yuǎn)。
9.  Dr Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams, and taught them how to play his new game. (P74)奈斯密斯醫(yī)生把他的學(xué)生分成兩組,并教他們?nèi)绾瓮嫠男掠螒颉?br> 本句中的divide...into是動介短語,與separate...into同義,意為“把……劃分成”,其中divide是及物動詞。
My father divided the cake into four pieces. 我爸爸把蛋糕分成4塊。
We divided ourselves into small groups to carry out the plan.
我們分成幾個小組來執(zhí)行這個計劃。
10.  It is believed that on December 21st, 1891, the first basketball game in history was played. (P74)人們認(rèn)為1891年12月21日是歷史上的第一次籃球比賽的日子。
(1)本句中的It is believed that... 相當(dāng)于people believe that...是“人們相信/認(rèn)為”的意思,that引導(dǎo)的是主語從句。
It is believed that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.
=People believe that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.人們都認(rèn)為到2010年,世界人口將達(dá)到七十億。
(2)believe意為“相信”,“認(rèn)為”,一般表示相信某人是誠實的或某事是真實的,后面可以接名詞、代詞、從句或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。
I just could not believe my eyes. 我簡直不敢相信我的眼睛。
Scientists believe that whales can live for twenty to thirty years.
科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為鯨可以活二十到三十年。
◎believe可以用于被動語態(tài)。
They are believed to have discussed this problem.據(jù)說,這個他們已經(jīng)討論過了。
特別提示
believe與believe in的含義不同。
◎believe in意為“信奉、信仰”,后面常接表示真理或宗教一類的名詞,也可作“信任、信賴”解。
My grandpa believes in Buddhism. 我爺爺信奉佛教。
I can’t believe in his honesty. 我不相信他誠實。

 

 

Unit 10 By the time I got outside,the bus had already left.

 

重點、難點、考點及疑點注釋
1.  When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. (P76)我到學(xué)校時才發(fā)現(xiàn)把書包落在家了。
(1)had left my backpack at home 這是一個過去完成時的句子,表示在過去某一時間或某一動作之前完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。
By three o’clock yesterday afternoon we had finished the work.
到昨天下午三點,我們已經(jīng)完成了工作。
She had learned a lot of English before she went to school.
在上學(xué)之前,她已經(jīng)學(xué)會了很多英語。
(2)left是leave的過去式,在此處意為“遺忘”,“忘記”,后面常有地點狀語。
Li Min left his dictionary in the reading-room yesterday.
昨天李民把詞典忘在閱覽室里了。
特別提示
forget作“遺忘”解時,后面沒有“遺忘”的地點。
I have forgotten the book. 我忘記拿書了。
2.  My alarm clock didn’t go off, and by the time I woke up, my father had already gone into the bathroom and I had to wait for him to come out. (P78)我的鬧鐘壞了,因此等我醒來的時候,我父親已經(jīng)進(jìn)去洗澡了,我只好等他出來。
(1)go off 是“(鬧鐘)鬧響”的意思,即“發(fā)出聲音”。
The thieves ran away when the burglar alarm went off.
防盜警報器一響,竊賊立刻逃走了。
(2)by the time I woke up 中的by the time意為“到……的時候”。
By the time he was ten, Tom built a chemistry lab himself.
等到了十歲的時候,湯姆自己建了一個化學(xué)實驗室。
3.  I started walking, but I knew I couldn’t get to school on time. (P78)我開始步行,但我知道我已經(jīng)不能按時到達(dá)學(xué)校了。
(1)start to do sth和start doing sth都表示“開始做某事”,常可相互替換。
At the age of 12, he started writing his own newspaper.
= At the age of 12, he started to write his own newspaper.
他十二歲時,開始編寫自己的報紙。
(2)on time在本句中意為“準(zhǔn)時,按規(guī)定的時間不早也不遲”。
Li Ming’s father seldom goes work on time. 李明的父親很少準(zhǔn)時上班。
The party began on time that evening. 晚會在那天下午準(zhǔn)時舉行。
知識拓展
time表示“……次/倍”時,是可數(shù)名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為times。
How many times did you see the movie? 那部電影你看了幾遍?
I have four times as many books as you.我的書是你的4倍。
特別提示
in time意為“及時”。
I will try my best to finish it in time. 我會盡力及時完成。
Will you be home in time to see the children before they go to bed?
你來得及在孩子們上床睡覺之前趕回家看看他們嗎?
短語鏈語
all the time始終、總是, at any time在任何時候, at the same time同時, by the time在……時候以前, from time to time偶爾, have a good/bad time過得快樂/不快樂, in no time立刻, in time及時, many a time屢次, at times有時, take one’s time慢慢來\\別著急, The Times《泰晤士報》(英國一大報), two times three 2乘以3
4.  Luckily, my friend Tony and his dad came by in his dad’s car and they gave me a ride. (P78)幸運的是,我的朋友托尼和他的爸爸乘他爸爸的小車過來了,帶了我一程。
(1)luckily是個副詞,意為“幸運地,有運氣地”,在句中常用作狀語。
Luckily, he didn’t hurt himself when he fell. 算他運氣好,跌倒了沒有受傷。
Luckily, she was in when I called. 真走運,我打電話時她正好在。
(2)give sb a ride意為“讓人搭便車”,其中ride是名詞。
Please give me a ride to my school, I’m going to be late.
請把我?guī)У綄W(xué)校去,我要遲到了。
If you go to station, I can give you a ride. 如果你去車站,我可以帶你一程。
5.  When I got to school, the final bell was ringing. I only just made it to my class. (P78)我到學(xué)校的時候,上課鈴正在響。我剛好正點趕到教室上課。
(1) final bell在此處作“上課鈴”解,有時也寫為second bell,而“預(yù)備鈴”則表示為first bell。
(2) made it在這里表示“到達(dá)、趕上”的意思。
You can make it if you hurry. 如果你快一點的話,就會按時趕到的。
6.  Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school? (P78)你是否曾經(jīng)忘記將作業(yè)帶到學(xué)校了呢?
(1)ever在這里是“曾經(jīng)”的意思,常用于現(xiàn)在完成時里,詢問對方是否有過某種經(jīng)歷。
Have you ever been to London? 你曾經(jīng)去過倫敦嗎?
知識拓展
◎ever用于一般疑問句、否定句以及表示條件或比較的從句中,意為“在(以往)任何時候”,“從來”,“在某時”等。
Nowadays he hardly ever comes. 最近他幾乎不來了。
None of us will ever forget that exciting scene.
我們大家永遠(yuǎn)都不會忘記那個令人激動的場面。
◎ever用于特殊疑問句中,意為“究竟、到底”。
Which ever do you want? 你究竟要哪一個?
When ever did you lose it? 你究竟什么時候丟失這個東西的?
◎ever用于含有最高級的從句中,可用來加強(qiáng)語氣。
Li Siguang is the greatest scientist that ever lived.李四光是古今最偉大的科學(xué)家。
短語鏈語
◎ever after“從那以后”
They lived happily ever after. 從那以后他們幸福地生活著。
◎ever since“從……以來”
I’ve known him ever since he was a boy. 我從小就認(rèn)識他。
◎ever so“非常”
Li Xiang is ever so strong. 李翔非常強(qiáng)壯。
◎for ever“永遠(yuǎn)”
We love our motherland for ever. 我們永遠(yuǎn)愛我們的祖國。
(2)forgotten to bring是“忘記帶來”的意思,構(gòu)成forget to do sth 句型,表示“忘記將要做某事”(事情還沒有做)。
Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the room.
離開房間時不要忘記關(guān)燈。
特別提示
forget doing sth 表示“忘記做過某事”(事情做過,但忘了)。
I forgot returning the book to the library.我忘記曾把這本書還給圖書館了。
7.  In 1938, a radio program by actor Orson Welles announced that aliens from Mars had landed on the earth. (P80)1938年,由Orson Welles主持的電臺節(jié)目宣布來自火星的外星人在地球上登陸了。
(1)announce 意思是“宣布”,常指首次公開或正式宣布人們關(guān)心的某件事情。
The new government announced its policy at once.新政府立即宣布了它的政策。
The headmaster announced the result of the exam. 校長宣布考試成績。
知識拓展
announcer,名詞,“宣布者”,“播音員”;announcement名詞,“宣告”,“通告”,“預(yù)告”。
(2)aliens是“外僑”的意思,在這里指的是“來自另一世界的生物”,與from Mars搭配,表示“來自火星的外星人”。
(3)on the earth意為“在地球上”,而in the earth卻是“在地里”,“在地下”的意思。
We live on the earth. 我們生活在地球上。
In the winter some animals hide in the earth. 冬天有些動物藏在地下。
特別提示
on earth表示“究竟”,“到底”,常用在who, what, where, when, why等特殊疑問詞后,以加強(qiáng)疑問的語氣;也可以用在否定詞之后,以加強(qiáng)否定的語氣。
How on earth did you know it? 你到底是怎么知道的?
Nothing on earth could make him change his mind.無論什么都不能使他改變注意。
◎on earth還可意為“在世界上”,“世間”,有時用于最高級之后,以加強(qiáng)其含義。
You are the happiest man on earth. 你是世界上最幸福的人。
8.  Welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole country. (P80)Welles的話是如此具有說服力,以至于成百上千人相信了他的話,全國處于一片恐慌之中。
(1)so...that在這里引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,表示“如此……以至于……”,that后面接從句,常見的句型有:
◎主語+系動詞(be, become等)+so+形容詞+that從句。
The computer is so useful that each of us wants to buy one.
計算機(jī)太有用了,我們每個人都想買一臺。
◎主語+行為動詞+so+副詞+that從句。
He ran so fast that we couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得太快,我們追不上他。
◎so...that后面也可以跟so many/few加復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或so much/little加不可數(shù)名詞。
He had so many falls that he could ride a bike at last.
他摔了很多跤,終于學(xué)會了騎車。
There’s so much noise in the meeting room that I can’t hear the speaker clearly.
會議室里的噪音太大,我聽不清演講者的發(fā)言。
知識拓展
so...that句型轉(zhuǎn)換的四種方法
◎當(dāng)從句的主語與主句中的主語一致,且that從句是否定式時,常用too...to...轉(zhuǎn)換。
The little girl was so tired that she couldn’t walk farther.
=The little girl was too tired to walk farther.
這個小女孩太累了,她不能再走路了。
◎當(dāng)從句的主語與主句中的主語不一致,且that從句是否定式時,常用too...for sb to do sth轉(zhuǎn)換。
The work is so difficult that we can’t finish it in time.
=The work is too difficult for us to finish it in time.
這份工作太難了,我們不能按時完成。
◎當(dāng)從句的主語與主句中的主語一致,且that從句是肯定式時,常用...enough to do sth轉(zhuǎn)換。
He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.
=He is strong enough to lift the heavy box.他強(qiáng)壯得足以舉起那個重箱子。
◎當(dāng)從句的主語與主句中的主語不一致,且that從句是肯定式時,常用...enough for sb to do sth轉(zhuǎn)換。
He spoke so clearly that I could hear him.
=He spoke clearly enough for me to hear him.他說得很清楚,我能聽明白。
特別提示
so that連在一起使用,意為“為了,以便”,表示目的,此時主句和從句的主語不一定一致;另外,還可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,前面一般用逗號。
Speak louder so that we can hear you. 說大聲點兒,以便我們聽得見。
She was ill, so that she was unable to go with you. 她病了,不能和你一起去了。
(2)convincing 是由動詞convince加后綴-ing構(gòu)成的形容詞,意為“令人信服的、有說服力的”,主語通常由表示物體的詞來擔(dān)任。
His speech was very convincing. 他的演講非常有說服力。
◎convince是及物動詞,表示“使……信服”,“使……確信”。
You have convinced me that I should go.你已經(jīng)說服了我,我應(yīng)該去。
短語鏈語
convince sb of  sth“使某人相信某事”
特別提示
convinced作形容詞時,表示“堅定不移的、有堅定信仰的”,在句中用作定語,其主語是人。
Mr Smith is a convinced Christian. 史密斯先生是一個虔誠的基督徒。
(3)短語動詞set off在本句中是“引起、激起”的意思。
A letter from home set off an attack of homesickness.
一封家信激起了一片思鄉(xiāng)之情。
特別提示
set off在作“出發(fā)、動身”解時,與set out意思相同。
It was raining when we set off/out. 我們出發(fā)時,天還下著雨。
9.   One April Fool’s day, a reporter in England announced that there would be no more spaghetti because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti. (P80)一個愚人節(jié),有位英國記者宣稱以后不會再有意大利式細(xì)面條可以吃了,因為意大利的農(nóng)民已經(jīng)停止種植生產(chǎn)細(xì)面條的植物了。
(1)there would be是there be的過去將來時,也可表示為“there was going to be”或“there were going to be”,意為“過去將有”。
知識拓展
過去將來時由“助動詞would/should+動詞原形”構(gòu)成,表示從過去某個時間看將來要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常運用于賓語從句中。
The students didn’t know where they would go tomorrow.
同學(xué)們不知道明天要去哪兒。
Nobody knew where he would go. 沒人知道他要去哪里。
◎過去將來時也??捎谩爸鷦釉~was/were+going to+動詞原形”表示。
She said that she was going to speak at the meeting.她說她要在大會上發(fā)言。
Li Ping said that she was going to visit her aunt in the town the next Sunday.
李萍說她下個星期日要去拜訪住在城里的嬸嬸。
特別提示
表示位置移動的動詞如come, leave, fly, go, arrive等,常用過去進(jìn)行時表示一個當(dāng)時按計劃或安排近期將要發(fā)生的動作。
He didn’t say when he was coming here. 他沒有說什么時候要來這里。
She told me that she was leaving for Shanghai next week.
她告訴我說她下周要動身去上海。
 (2)本句中的farmer意為“農(nóng)夫、農(nóng)場主、經(jīng)營農(nóng)業(yè)者”,主要指經(jīng)營農(nóng)場的人,主要用于英國、澳大利亞、加拿大、新西蘭、美國等,因為這些國家的農(nóng)業(yè)以農(nóng)場經(jīng)營為主。
Are you a farmer? 你是個農(nóng)民嗎?
特別提示
peasant意為“農(nóng)民”,常指非英語國家的雇農(nóng)、佃農(nóng)或自耕農(nóng)。在我們國家,目前將“農(nóng)民”都譯為peasant。
What’s the old peasant saying to them? 那位老農(nóng)在對他們說什么?
10.  By the time people realized that the story was a hoax, all of the spaghetti across the country had been bought. (P80)當(dāng)人們意識到這是一個騙局的時候,全國的意大利面條都已被買完了。
have been bought是現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài),其構(gòu)成為:has/have been+過去分詞。
Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
人造衛(wèi)星已被許多國家發(fā)射到太空。
特別提示
現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中有兩個過去分詞,其中has/have為助動詞,因此其各種句型轉(zhuǎn)換均應(yīng)借助于has/have來完成。構(gòu)成否定句時直接在 has/have后面加not,構(gòu)成一般疑問句時將has/have提前。
Has this bridge been finished? 這座橋竣工了嗎?
His homework hasn’t been finished.  他的家庭作業(yè)還沒有寫完。
11.  A famous TV star once invited his girlfriend onto his show on April Fool’s Day. (P80)從前,有位著名的電視明星在愚人節(jié)那天邀請他的女友參加他的演出。
本句中的show用作名詞,表示“演出”,“展覽”。
The show begins at eight o’clock. 演出8點鐘開始。
There is going to be an art show next week. 下周有一個美術(shù)展覽。
知識拓展
show作動詞時,表示“給……看”,“出示……”。
He showed his ticket at the door.他在門口出示了門票。
短語鏈語
on show表示“展覽、陳列”,相當(dāng)于on display。
12.  She was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married. (P80)她很激動,因為她真的想結(jié)婚。
(1)thrilled是形容詞,意為“非常激動的、非常興奮的”,常用來說明一個人的心情。
He was thrilled when he heard the news. 他聽到這個消息時很激動。
She was thrilled and shy when she heard “I love you” from her boy friend.
當(dāng)她聽到她男朋友說“我愛你”的時候,她很激動也很害羞。
(2)get married是固定短語,意為“結(jié)婚”,表示動作;而be married表示狀態(tài),意為“結(jié)婚了”,這兩個短語都可以和介詞to連用。
She’s married to my brother. 她嫁給了我哥哥。
They’re saving up to get married. 他們儲蓄準(zhǔn)備結(jié)婚。
魔力糾錯
他和我的一個朋友結(jié)了婚。
誤:He was married with a friend of mine.
正:He was married to a friend of mine.
魔力解析
當(dāng)表示“與……結(jié)婚”時,marry用作及物動詞,其后接介詞to,而不能用with。
特別提示
marry是短暫性動詞,當(dāng)表示“結(jié)婚多長時間”時,要用be married。
Lucy married Robert two years ago.
= Lucy has been married to Robert for two years.
=It is two years since Lucy married Robert.
=Two years have passed since Lucy married Robert. 露茜和羅伯特結(jié)婚兩年了。
知識拓展
◎問某人“婚否”時應(yīng)說Are you married?或Is he married?等;如果“未婚”,可以說I’m single.。
◎問某人“何時結(jié)的婚”應(yīng)說When were you married?或When did you get married?。

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