所謂“規(guī)則硬套”,即指不從語言實(shí)際出發(fā),不考慮特定的語言環(huán)境,而是機(jī)械地套用語法規(guī)則,生搬硬套語法的條條框框,同學(xué)們?nèi)绻@樣去學(xué)語言,那就難免出錯了。下面請看幾個實(shí)例: 1.“Is there _____ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for
leave.” 2.“If you want a necklace, I'll buy one for you at once.”
“Oh, no. A necklace is not 因?yàn)檫@是否定句,所以你就按語法規(guī)則將此題答案確定為A,你認(rèn)為你選對了嗎?不,錯了。 3. He was sentenced to death _____ what he had stolen from
the bank. 因?yàn)闄M線后是一個從句,所以你就按語法規(guī)則將此題答案確定為C,你認(rèn)為你選對了嗎?不,錯了。
規(guī)則是死的,語言是活的。同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)語言時,應(yīng)該具體問題具體分析,既要學(xué)習(xí)語言的規(guī)則,又要靈活運(yùn)用規(guī)則,這樣才能把語言學(xué)好、學(xué)活。你想知道以上問題的解釋嗎?請往下讀。 “Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.” A. a,
the
此題容易誤選A,生搬硬套冠詞用法規(guī)則:第一次提到某人或某事物用不定冠詞,第二次再提到該人或該事物時用定冠詞。但事實(shí)上,此題的第二空Is
it black
one?中的one并非指前面提到的pen,即這里的one與前面的pen并非同一事物。另外,從后面的I
think I saw it somewhere(我想我在哪個地方見過)可知前一句的black
one不能是特指的,而應(yīng)是泛指的,故應(yīng)用不定冠詞。此題正確答案為C。 “Have you seen _____pen? I left it here this morning.” 這樣一改,此題的最佳答案就是A,而不是C了。 My friend Mary is _____ beautiful girl and _____ girl
everyone likes to work with. 此題很容易誤選B,認(rèn)為第一次提到girl用不定冠詞,第二次提到就應(yīng)該用定冠詞。但是,句中第二次提到girl時并不是特指的,此句實(shí)為一省略句,補(bǔ)充完整是:My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with.比較以下兩句(第二個girl前用了定冠詞,因?yàn)槟鞘翘刂?: For this he asked a girl, but the girl refused to answer him. 為此他問了一個女孩,但這個女孩拒絕回答他。 The other day he met a beautiful girl in the park and the girl smiled at him. 幾天前他在公園遇到一個女孩,這個女孩沖他笑了笑。 2.在這個否定句中該用anything還是everything I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with
_____. 此題容易誤選B,生搬硬套不定代詞用法規(guī)則:something用于肯定句,anything用于否定句或疑問句。其實(shí)此題應(yīng)選A,注意前文的I agree with most of what you said(我同意你說的大部分內(nèi)容),其后的not與everything構(gòu)成部分否定,意為“不是所有的都同意”,前后兩部分用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but連接,語氣通順、連貫。 _____ likes money, but money is not _____. 答案選A,句意為“人人都喜歡錢,但錢不是萬能的”。 3.在這個疑問句中該用everybody還是anybody “Is there _____ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for
leave.” 此題容易誤選A,認(rèn)為這是一般疑問句,要用anybody。其實(shí)此題應(yīng)選B,主要與上下文的語境有關(guān)。全文語境為:“大家都到齊了嗎?”“沒有,Bob和Tim兩人請假了。”假若我們將此題作如下變換,則情形就會有所不同: “Is there _____ here?” “Yes, I'm upstairs. Please come
and help me.” 此題的最佳答案應(yīng)是A,而不是B。
答案選B,雖然涉及多個對象,但由于它們用and連接,故用介詞between。 He was sentenced to death _____what he had stolen from the
bank. 許多同認(rèn)為此題應(yīng)選C,因?yàn)殛P(guān)于because和because
of的用法有如下區(qū)別規(guī)則:because是連詞,其后接句子;而because
of是介詞,其后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。此規(guī)則并沒錯,只是表述不很準(zhǔn)確。一般說來,because作為從屬連詞,用以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時,其后應(yīng)是一個不含有引導(dǎo)詞的句子,而不能是what導(dǎo)的從句。另一方面,本題中的what
he had stolen=the thing(s) that he had
stolen,也就是說,這個what從句從本質(zhì)上說,它相當(dāng)于一個名詞(或者更準(zhǔn)確地說是一個受定語從句修飾的名詞),所以此題應(yīng)選because
of。She cried because of what you said.她哭是因?yàn)槟阏f的話。 She is quite a different girl _____ she was five years
ago. 又如:Schools are different than they used to be.
學(xué)校與原來不一樣了。順便說一句,若是一個以what引導(dǎo)的從句,則可以用from或to。 她跟我們原來想像的大不一樣。 10.這是反意疑問句嗎 “I think the teacher is wrong, _____?” “No, I don't think
so.” 此題容易誤選C或D,因?yàn)榘凑照Z法規(guī)則,I think后接賓語從句時,其反意疑問句與從句保持一致,但是退一步,即使按此規(guī)則,其反意疑問句也應(yīng)是isn't he或isn't she之類的,而不是像C或D那樣用doesn't he和doesn't she。綜合四個選項(xiàng),最佳答案為A,don't you為don't you think so之省略。 又如:I think he will win, don't you?
我認(rèn)為他會贏,你說呢?I think its price will go up, don't
you?我認(rèn)為它的價格會上升,你不這樣認(rèn)為嗎? I found I could easily make myself _____ by using sign
language. 但是對于該結(jié)構(gòu)同學(xué)們忽略了一點(diǎn),就是該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞或代詞應(yīng)與其后動詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,而對于上面一題,myself與其后的動詞understand顯然不是主謂關(guān)系,而是動賓關(guān)系,或者說是被動關(guān)系,故此時的動詞應(yīng)用過去分詞表被動。 誤:He was very angry as to be unable to speak. 誤:He was very angry that he couldn't speak. 誤:He was very angry to speak. Marsha got so carried away when arguing with her husband
_____ she hit him. 答案選D,屬so ... that ...句式。全句意為“瑪莎與她丈夫爭吵過于激烈,以至動手打了他”。其中的carry away意為“使興奮”、“使忘乎所以”,是個短語,通常用于被動語態(tài),句中的got carried away可視為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 |
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