來源：天星 更新日期：2011-08-19 

4）條件狀語從句的有關句型：

（1）“When / So long as / As long as / Once +從句，＋主句”（從句也可以放在主句之后）例如：

①As long as you give me some money, I will let you go.“只要你給我一些錢，我就讓你走”

②Once you have begun to learn English, you should learn it well. “一旦你開始學習英語，你應該把它學好”

（2）“主句＋on condition that+從句”  例如：

I will go with you on condition that you give me some money.“我和你一起去的條件是你給我一些錢”

（3）“主句＋unless+從句.”(注意：由于unless本身是否定詞，所引導的從句的謂語動詞用肯定)   例如：

I will go there tomorrow unless it rains.“我明天去那兒除非下雨”

（4）“祈使句，＋and/ and then+主句”（注意：祈使句也可用一個名詞短語）  例如：

①Use your head, and you will find a good idea.“動腦筋想一想，你就會想出一個好主意”

②Another word, and I will beat you.“你再說一句，我就揍你”

（5）“If +necessary / impossible/ important等，＋主句”  例如：

If necessary, I will do it. “如果有必要的話，我來做此事?！?/span>

5）原因狀語從句的有關句型

（1）“主句＋in case+從句”（in case表示以免）   例如：

I will take my raincoat in case it rains.我要把雨衣帶上以免下雨。

（2）“主句＋due to / because of / owning to / + the fact that +從句”   例如：

He did not come to school because of the fact that he was ill.“由于他有病了，所以沒有來上學”

6）時間狀語從句中的有關句型

（1）“When / While / As +從句，＋主句”（關于它們之間的區(qū)別請看語法）   例如：
When I was in the country, I used to carry some water for you.“當我在農村時，我常常給你打水”

（2）“主句＋after / before +從句.”   例如：

①They hadn’t been married four months before they were devoiced.“他們繪結婚不到四個月就離婚了”

②We went home after we had finished the work.“我們做完此工作就回家了”

（3）“主語＋肯定謂語＋until＋從句（或時間）” // “主語＋否定謂語＋until+從句”

例如：

①I worked until he came back.“我一直工作到他回來”

②I didn’t worked until he came back.“他回來我才開始工作”

（4）“As soon as / Immediately / Directly / Instantly / The moment / The instant / The minute +從句，＋主句.”  例如：

My father went out immediately I got home.“我一到家，我父親就出去了”

（5）“No sooner +had + 主語＋done…than +主語＋did.” // “主語＋had + no sooner +done…than +主語＋did.”  例如：

①No sooner had I got to Beijing than I called you.“我一到北京就給你打電話了”

②I had no sooner got to Beijing than I called you. （同上）

（6）“Hardly +had +主語＋done…when / before + 主語＋did.” // “主語＋had +hardly + done…when / before +主語＋did.”  例如：

①Hardly had she had supper when she went out. “她一吃完晚飯就出去了”

②She had hardly had supper when she went out. （同上）

（7）“By the time+從句，＋主句.”（注意時態(tài)的變化）   例如：

①By the time you came back, I had finished this book.“到你回來時，我已經寫完了這本書”

②By the time you come back, I will have finished this book.“到你回來時，我將寫完這本書”

（8）“each / every time +從句，＋主句.”(這時相當于whenever 或no matter when引導的從句。從句也可放在主句之后)   例如：

Each time he comes to Harbin, he always drops in on me.“每當他來哈爾濱，總是隨便來看看我”

7）地點狀語從句的有關句型：

（1）“Where +從句，＋主句.”  例如：

Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.“哪里沒有雨水，種莊稼是很難的或者是不可能的”

（2）“Anywhere / wherever+從句，＋主句.”  例如：

①Anywhere I go, my wife goes too.“無論我去哪兒，我的妻子也去哪兒”

②I will go wherever you suggest.“你建議我去哪兒，我就去哪兒 ”

8）目的狀語從句的有關句型：

（1）“主句＋in order that / so that +從句.”   例如：

I got up early in order that I could catch the first bus.“我起得很早，以便能趕上早班車”

（2）“主句＋for+sb. +to do.”（注意動詞不定式復合結構在這兒作目的狀語）  例如：

He came here for me to work out this problem.“他來這兒叫我?guī)退獬鲞@道難題 ”

9）結果狀語從句的有關句型：

（1）“主句＋so that+從句.”  例如：

It was very cold, so that the river froze.“天氣很泠，因此河水結冰了”

（2）“So+形容詞/ 副詞＋特定動詞＋主語＋…＋that+從句.”  例如：

So interesting is this book that I would like to read it again.“這本書那么有趣，我想再讀一遍”

（3）“主語＋謂語＋such+名詞＋that+從句.”  例如：

He made such rapid progress that he was praised by the teacher.“他進步很快，老師表揚了他”

（4）“Such was + 主語＋that +從句.”(這是個完全倒裝句)   例如：

Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.“爆炸力這么大，所有的窗戶都被震碎了”

10）比較狀語從句的有關句型：

（1）“The +形容詞比較級……，（主句）the +形容詞比較級＋……”  例如：

The sooner you do it, the better it will be.“越早越好”

（2）“主語＋謂語＋as +形容詞原級＋as +被比較的對象.”  例如：

He is as busy as a bee.“他非常忙”

（3）“主語＋謂語＋the＋形容詞比較級＋of / between …”  例如：

He is the taller of the two.“他們倆人中他高”

（4）“主語＋謂語＋倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞原級＋as＋被比較的對象.”  例如：

This room is three times as large as that one.“這個房間是那個房間的三倍大”（這個房間比那個房間大兩倍。）

（5）“主語＋謂語＋百分數(shù)/倍數(shù)＋形容詞比較級＋than＋被比較的對象.”  例如：

①This city is twice larger than ours.“這個城市比我們城市大兩倍”

②The early rice output in that commune was 200% more than that of 2000.“那個公社的早稻產量是2000年的兩倍”

（6）“主語＋謂語＋the size / length/ width/ height +of +被比較的對象.”  例如：

Our building is twice the height of yours.“我們的大樓比你們的高兩倍”

11）其它句型

（1）“It doesn’t matter wh-+從句”  例如：

①It doesn’t matter to me what you will do tomorrow.“你明天做什么與我無關”

②It doesn’t matter whether you will come or not.“你來不來無關緊要”

（2）“形容詞/ 副詞 / 名詞（可數(shù)單數(shù)）+as / though +主語＋謂語，＋主句.”  例如：

①Young as he is, he knows a lot.“雖然他很小，但他知道得很多”

②Hard he works, I am sure that he can’t pass this exam.“雖然他學習很努力，這次考試他肯定不能及格”

③Child as he is, he knows a lot.“雖然他是個孩子，但他懂得很多”

（3）“Were / Should / Had +主語＋謂語，＋主句.”  例如

Were I you, I would have gone there yesterday.“如果我是你的話，昨天我就去那兒了”

（4）“Only +狀語＋特定動詞＋主語＋謂語…”  例如：

①Only by this means can I do this work well.“只有用那種方式我才能做好此工作”

②Only because he was ill did he not come to school.“只因為他有病了才沒有來上學”

③Only then did I realize that I had been wrong.“只有那時，我才認識到我錯了”

（5）“Not only +特定動詞＋主語＋謂語…but also+主語＋謂語…”  例如：

Not only did he learned English well but also he spoke French very well.“他不但英語學得好，而且法語講得很流利”

（6）whether….or…, neither…nor…, either…or…

（7）“主語＋doubt＋whether + 從句.”// “主語＋特定否定詞＋doubt＋that＋從句.”  例如：

I don’t doubt that he will come this afternoon.“我確信他下午一定能來”

（五）平時學生書面表達中常見的錯誤類型及應對策略

⒈常見錯誤：

⑴格式錯誤

有的考生不能正確地運用書信或日記的格式。A)書信常有五部分：①信頭:右上角寫上收信人的地址和寫信日期; ②稱謂; ③正文; ④結束語, 常用的有Yours sincerely/Yours truly/Yours faithfully…; ⑤簽名。B)日記格式：頂格寫上月、日、年和星期，右邊寫上天氣情況。

⑵詞序錯誤

①并列的人稱代詞做主語時，I沒有放在最后。例如：I, you and he are all League members.

②沒弄清英語中真正的主語。例如：Without a friend will feel lonely.

③修飾語錯位。例如：He very likes dancing.

⑶時態(tài)錯誤

動詞時態(tài)的錯誤是高考英語書面表達中最常見的錯誤之一,也是考生運用語言的能力差的顯著標志之一。如2002關于公園收不收門票的討論的介紹，陳述討論的語句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時：Sixty of the students of our school think it is unnecessary to charge an entrance fee. They think that……不少考生表達為Some people thought that……

⑷句子不完整

在口語中，交際雙方可借助手勢、語氣等來理解不完整的句子，可是書面語就不同了，句子結構不完整會令意思表達不清，這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫完以后，又想加些補充說明時發(fā)生．例如： There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .應改為：There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV ,radio ,and newspaper.

⑸內容表達錯誤

這種錯誤一般說來是審題不清所致。如2003年的書面表達，正確內容是：I've found a flat for you. It's a small one of 25 square meters with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. The house is near No 11 bus stop on Fang Cao Street and the school is at the next stop.有不少考生表達為:“I've found a flat of 25 square kilometers. It's in No.11 Fang Cao Street.”

⑹句子與句子之間缺少銜接造成意思過渡不平穩(wěn)

例如：把He worked hard. He failed the exam.改為He worked hard. However, he failed the exam.就比較好。

⑺習慣用語使用錯誤

如:將 to my surprise 表達為 to my surprised;將in my spare time 表達成 at my spare time; 將He didn’t lose heart though he failed.表達為He didn’t lose his heart though he failed.

⑻沒有利用恰當?shù)拇~，給人于重復的感覺

例如：把My father is a worker. My father works in a big company. 改為My father is a worker. He works in a big company. 就比較好。

⑼單詞運用錯誤

寫作中常見考生因分不清單詞的詞性而產生錯誤。大致有：

a.將vi.用成vt.如:come the city/return the place

b.將adj.用成vt.如:Please present on time. Don't absent!

c.將u.n.用成c.n.如:a good news/many informations

d.將adj./adv.使用錯誤.如:in the recently years/study hardly;

e.將prep.用成v.如:Many overpasses arounded the city.   The road throughed the city.

f.將名詞的單/復數(shù)使用不當。如：There are lots of high building. // Most of the people have private car.  句中building應改為buildings；句中car應改為cars。

g.句子的主謂不一致:如:A large number of beautiful buildings has been built.  句中has應改正為have。

h.常用詞拼寫錯誤:如:beautiful寫成beautful; believe寫成belive; money寫成moneny…

i.在敘事文中通常會運用一般過去時態(tài),所以就出現(xiàn)了動詞的過去式,尤其是不規(guī)則動詞的過去式的拼寫錯誤很普遍的現(xiàn)象。如：visitted/ hurted/ writed/…..

j.不定冠詞的使用錯誤:如:send a e-mail to you(an)/ Even a overpass has been built…(an)/ He graduated from an university.(a)

k.虛詞錯誤：①冠詞的漏用和誤用, 如：My father is worker.  ②缺必要的連結詞或連結詞多余, 如：He likes swimming, I like climbing.

⑽不間斷句子，即幾個句子連在一起，看起來似乎是一個句子

例如：There are many ways we get to know the outside world.應改為：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.或 There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.

⒉應對策略：

我們知道，英語書面表達是對英語語言知識的積極運用。它包括兩大方面：一是內容，即寫什么；二是表述，即如何用語言把內容表述出來。為了避免所存在的問題并提高英語書面表達能力，宜從以下幾方面去努力。

⑴強化英語基本句型。句子是文章的基本框架，在文章中起著橋梁的作用。對學生來說，英語書面表達最基礎的還是選詞造句，使句子正確通順，符合英語表達習慣。

⑵分析并誦讀課文。課文是句型的延伸與擴展，分析課文的選詞造句、連接手段、篇章結構等，并有意識地誦讀課文，這有利于學生對基本句型的鞏固與運用，有利于他們提高語言組織能力以及寫作素材的積累和語感的形成。

⑶加強聽說訓練。聽力與口語訓練能促進學生用英語進行思維，為學生寫出地道的英語打下堅實的思維基礎。

⑷參加英語興趣小組活動。英語興趣小組能為學生提供運用英語的機會，豐富寫作素材，從中也可以培養(yǎng)對英語的興趣，而興趣是學習的最好的老師，它能幫助你學好英語，當然也包括書面表達。

⑸堅持用英語寫日記。把自己當天的所見所聞、所感所悟用英語記下來，堅持不懈，這樣熟能生巧，必有利于英語書面表達的提高。