2012版英語一輪語法詳細(xì)學(xué)案：特殊句式強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、省略、反意疑問句及其他
強(qiáng)調(diào)
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分＋ that/who＋其他部分”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是主語、賓語和狀語等。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的使用特點(diǎn)主要有以下幾個(gè)方面：
(1)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是狀語或狀語從句時(shí)，要用that引導(dǎo)從句，而不能用which，而且通常不能省略。
It was in the park that I met him.
我是在公園里遇到他的。
It was in 1964 that the first telephone satellite was set up by the Group of 17 Countries.
17國集團(tuán)發(fā)射第一顆電話衛(wèi)星是在1964年。
(2)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞可用who，也可用that。
Was it you that/who let out the secret to her?
是你把這個(gè)秘密泄露給她的嗎？
注意：當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語時(shí)，代詞要用主格形式。
It was I who put forward the theory first.
是我最先提出這個(gè)理論的。
(3)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的不管是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，主句的be動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)is或was。
It was Madame Curie and her husband who discovered radium.
是居里夫人和她的丈夫發(fā)現(xiàn)了鐳。
It is the PLA men who/that are safeguarding our country day and night.是解放軍戰(zhàn)士日夜保衛(wèi)著我們的祖國。
(4)對(duì)not...until時(shí)間狀語從句進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其句型是：
It is/was not until...that從句，即not和until在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中總是緊挨著的。注意習(xí)慣上不用not till，而且從句不能用when引導(dǎo)。
It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.
直到做完最后一個(gè)手術(shù)白求恩才離開戰(zhàn)地醫(yī)院。
(5)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問形式：
When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?
他什么時(shí)候決定選修這一課程的？
Why is it that he doesn’t like the book?
他為什么不喜歡這本書？
Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是在1939年爆發(fā)的嗎？
Who was it that broke the window？打破窗戶的是誰？
When was it that you called me yesterday?
你昨天給我打電話是什么時(shí)候？
What is it that you want me to do？你要我干什么？
(6)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與It is/was＋時(shí)間＋when從句：
在上述句型中it指時(shí)間，when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句。
注意兩種句型“時(shí)間”表達(dá)方式的不同。
It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.
昨天晚上我半夜才回到家。
It was midnight when I got here yesterday.
昨天當(dāng)我到達(dá)這兒時(shí)，已是半夜了。
省略
(1)狀語從句的省略
①有些時(shí)間、條件、方式、讓步狀語從句中，如果從句的主語和主句主語一致或從句的主語為it，而且從句的謂語動(dòng)詞又包含be，就可以省略從句中的“主語＋be”部分。
While (I was) in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Great Wall.
在北京時(shí)，我去游覽了長城。
If (you are) asked，you may come in.
如果被叫到，你可以進(jìn)來。
She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone.
她站在門口好像在等人。
Though cold，he still wore a shirt.
盡管冷，他仍穿著件襯衫。
②還有諸如：if so(如果如此)；if any(如果有)；if in need(如果需要)；if necessary(如果有必要)。
Errors，if (there are) any，should be corrected.
如果有什么錯(cuò)誤，就應(yīng)當(dāng)改正。
Come tomorrow if (it is) possible.有可能的話明天來。
Get up early tomorrow，if not (you don’t get up early)，you will miss the first bus.
明天早點(diǎn)起床，如果不的話，你會(huì)錯(cuò)過早班車。
He may not be at home then，if so (he is not at home)，leave him a note.那時(shí)他可能不在家，如果這樣給他留個(gè)字條吧。
(2)I’m afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so與not分別等于肯定或否定，賓語從句可省去。
—Do you think it will rain?
—I hope not (that it will not rain)．
—Do you believe our team will win?
—I guess so.
(3)不定式省略，單獨(dú)使用不定式符號(hào)to
①用來代替動(dòng)詞不定式后被省略的動(dòng)詞，常在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后邊。
I asked him to see the film，but he didn’t want to.
我請(qǐng)他去看電影，但他不想去。
②在have，need，ought，be going，used等后面。
I didn’t want to go there，but I had to.
我不想去那兒，但我不得不去。
③在某些形容詞glad，happy，pleased，delighted等后面。
—Will you join in the game？你愿意加入做游戲嗎？
—I’d be glad to.我很高興。
④如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have或have been。
—Are you a sailor？你是海員嗎？
—No，but I used to be.不，但我過去是。
反意疑問句
(1)陳述部分含有must的反意疑問句
must作“一定，準(zhǔn)是”講，可首先將句子改為“I am sure that從句，反意疑問部分的動(dòng)詞形式根據(jù)be sure后的賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式確定。
You must be hungry now，________？→I am sure that you are hungry，aren’t you？→You must be hungry now，aren’t you?
你一定/可能餓了，是嗎？
You must have heard about it，________？→I am sure that you have heard about it，haven’t you？→You must have heard about it ，haven’t you?
你一定/可能聽說過這事了，是嗎？
You must have watched that football match last night，________？→I am sure that you watched that football match last night，didn’t you？→You must have watched that football match last night，didn’t you?
你昨晚一定看足球賽了，是嗎？(陳述部分有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語last night)
(2)主句謂語動(dòng)詞think，believe，suppose，guess，expect，imagine的主語為第一人稱時(shí)，疑問部分的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞與賓語從句的主語和謂語保持一致；若他們的主語為第二、三人稱時(shí)，后面的反問部分由主句來決定。
I don’t believe he will succeed，will he?
我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)成功，是嗎？
Tom doesn’t believe Jack will succeed，does he?
湯姆不相信杰克能成功，對(duì)嗎？
(3)祈使句的反意疑問句
祈使句中的后半部分附加問句，不表示反意，而表示一種語氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：
①否定祈使句，＋will you?
②肯定祈使句，＋will/won’t you?
Let’s...，＋shall we?
Let us...，＋will you?
Let＋第三人稱．..，＋will you?
Open the door，will/won’t you？打開門，好嗎？
Let’s go out for a walk，shall we？我們出去散步，好嗎？
Let us go home now，will/won’t you?
現(xiàn)在，(您)讓我們回家，好嗎？
1．—I’ve read another book this week.
—Well，maybe________is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
A．this　　　　　　　　　　B．that
C．there             D．it
【解析】　 句意為：——這星期我又讀了一本書?！牛苍S重要的不是你看了多少，而是看了什么?？疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)句：It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that從句，故選D。
【答案】　D
2 It was________he came back from Africa that year________he met the girl he would like to marry.
A．when；then                    B．not；until
C．not until；that               D．only；when
【解析】　句意為：直到那年從非洲回來他才遇到那個(gè)他想與之結(jié)婚的女孩。本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It be not until時(shí)間狀語＋that...，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是時(shí)間狀語，且含有“直到……才”的意思，故選C。
【答案】　C
3． Some of you may have finished unit one.________，you can go on to unit two.
A．If you may    B．If you do
C．If not    D．If so
【解析】　句意為：你們中的一些人可能已經(jīng)完成了第一單元，如果這樣的話，你們可以繼續(xù)進(jìn)行第二單元。本題主要考查so和not的用法。
【答案】　D
4．Every evening after dinner，if not________from work，I will spend some time walking my dog.
A．being tired     B．tiring
C．tired      D．to be tired
【解析】　句意為：每天晚飯后，如果不是很累，我會(huì)花一些時(shí)間遛狗。主句主語I與從句中的tire(使……勞累)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要用過去分詞，又因該句的動(dòng)作為經(jīng)常發(fā)生，于是排除了選項(xiàng)A和D。
【答案】　C
5．—What’s  the matter with Della?
—Well，her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party，but she still________.
A．hopes to     B．hopes so
C．hopes not     D．hopes for
【解析】　句意為：——Della怎么了？——哦，她父母不讓她去參加晚會(huì)，但她仍然希望去參加。本句屬省略句，完整形式應(yīng)為：...，but she still hopes to go to the party.
【答案】　A
6  Please do me a favor— ________my friend Mr Smith to Youth Theater at 7∶30 tonight.
A．to invite      B．inviting
C．invite          D．invited
【解析】　句意為：請(qǐng)幫我個(gè)忙——邀請(qǐng)我的朋友史密斯先生今晚7點(diǎn)半到青年劇院。破折號(hào)后是一個(gè)祈使句。
【答案】　C
7． You and I could hardly work together，________？
A．could you    B．couldn’t I
C．couldn’t we   D．could we
【解析】　句意為：我和你幾乎不能共事，對(duì)嗎？反意疑問句與前句的主語要一致，而且意思要相反。
【答案】　D
8．It’s the first time that he has been to Australia，________？
A．isn’t he    B．hasn’t he
C．isn’t it    D．hasn’t it
【解析】　句意為：這是他第一次到澳大利亞，不是嗎？It’s the first time that...是固定句型，反意疑問句的構(gòu)成需依據(jù)主句的主語和謂語而定。
【答案】　C
9． ________a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
A．It has           B．They have
C．It remains      D．There remains
【解析】　句意為：關(guān)于那個(gè)工程的實(shí)用價(jià)值，人們還是心存某種疑慮。There remains...之后省略了to be，意為“仍然有……”。
【答案】　D
10． He must be helping the old man to water the flowers，________？
A．is he          B．isn’t he
C．must he         D．mustn’t he
【解析】　句意為：他一定正在幫助那位老人澆花，不是嗎？本題考查反意疑問句，做題思路為：He must be helping the old man to water the flowers.＝I’m sure he is helping the old man to water the flowers.從而得出反意部分用：isn’t he?
【答案】　B
11．—What were you trying to prove to the police?
—________I was last night.
A．That    B．When
C．Where    D．What
【解析】　此處是一個(gè)省略回答。完整的句子是I was trying to prove to the police where I was last night。即我極力想要向警方證明我昨天晚上在什么地方。其他選項(xiàng)語意不通順。
【答案】　C
12．—The patient looks much better.________is it that has made him________he is today?
—Perhaps  the special medicine and his family’s patient care.
A．What；that   B．That；that
C．What；what    D．That；what
【解析】　考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和名詞性從句。解決本題的關(guān)鍵是將句子結(jié)構(gòu)理清楚，還原成陳述句為“It is________that has made him________he is today”。再結(jié)合語意“病人好多了，是什么使他成為現(xiàn)在這個(gè)樣子”可知，選C。
【答案】　C
13．—________he dropped out of school?
—His family had run into financial difficulties.
A．Why was it that   B．Why was that
C．Why was that it   D．Why was it
【解析】　考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句。從語意和選項(xiàng)看，本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句。根據(jù)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句的基本句型：特殊疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他成分可知，A項(xiàng)正確。
【答案】　A
14． It was the skills________he had acquired at his training period________enabled him to get such a high post in that world-famous company.
A．that；what    B．what；that
C．that；that    D．that；which
【解析】　考查定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句。第一空的that引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作acquired的賓語；第二空的that與句首的It was構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。
【答案】　C
15．—________that made Mrs White so upset?
—Her son’s making trouble in the school.
A．Where was it                 B．Why was it
C．How was it                 D．What was it
【解析】　考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。語境：——是什么讓懷特夫人這么難過？——她兒子老在學(xué)校惹事。判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的要點(diǎn)是：當(dāng)去掉“It is...that/who”時(shí)，剩下的句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。這里是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問形式，由答語可知，這里句子的主語應(yīng)該用What，而不是Where，Why或How。
【答案】　D
16．—________is it that you bought the new car?
—Last Monday.
A．Which    B．Why
C．Who    D．When
【解析】　此題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句形式。通過對(duì)答語的分析不難看出這里所填的應(yīng)是充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語的疑問副詞(when)。
【答案】　D
17．—Where did you meet the famous actress?
—It was in the supermarket________we went shopping last Sunday.
A．which    B．that
C．where    D．there
【解析】　該題考查句式。該題實(shí)際考查的是定語從句，修飾先行詞supermarket。很多考生可能會(huì)誤以為是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
【答案】　C
18． The police were seeking more information to find out________the rich merchant.
A．who it was that killed
B．who was it that killed
C．it was who killed 
D．who was it killed
【解析】　考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞＋is it＋that...而這里是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，故用正常的陳述語序，所以答案為A。
【答案】　A
19． He is rather difficult to make friends with，but his friendship，________，is more true than any other.
A．once gained    B．when to gain
C．a(chǎn)fter gaining      D．while gaining
【解析】　這里“once gained”是once the friendship is gained的省略，由此可知，the friendship與gain之間存在“被動(dòng)關(guān)系”，所以這里選A。
【答案】　A
20． Girls used to take fewer advanced math courses than boys but now they are taking just________.
A．a(chǎn)s much    B．too much
C．a(chǎn)s many    D．too many
【解析】　考查形容詞的比較等級(jí)和省略。本句補(bǔ)充完整為“Girls used to take fewer advanced math courses than boys but now they are taking just as many advanced math courses as boys”，故答案為C。
【答案】　C
21．________we move the picture over there？Do you think it will look better?
A．If only     B．What if
C．As if     D．Even if
【解析】　what if “要是……怎么樣？”if only常引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句或感嘆句。根據(jù)語意可知應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。
【答案】　B
22． ________Chinese which city is famous for ice and snow，and the answer is sure to be Harbin.
A．If you ask a    B．Asked some
C．Ask any     D．Having asked ever
【解析】　考查“祈使句＋and/or＋結(jié)果分句”句型。該句型中祈使句用動(dòng)詞原形，祈使句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句，本句可改為If you ask any Chinese which city is famous for ice and snow，the answer is sure to be Harbin.注意：改成條件狀語從句時(shí)主句前沒有連詞and。
【答案】　C
23．—I hear Alice was badly injured in the accident and sent to hospital.
—________，we should go and see her immediately.
A．If so                           B．When necessary
C．On condition that     D．Believe it or not
【解析】　句意為：——我聽說Alice在事故中受傷嚴(yán)重，并且被送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。——如果是那樣的話，我們應(yīng)該馬上去看她。if so表示“如果這(那)樣的話……”；when necessary表示“有必要時(shí)……”；on condition that表示“如果……”；believe it or not表示“信不信由你”。根據(jù)題意可知選A。
【答案】　A
24．—How are you getting on with your English?
—Oh，great.Things are going as well as________.
A．plans        B．planning
C．planned     D．to plan
【解析】　考查省略。as well as planned意思是“如計(jì)劃的那樣”，相當(dāng)于as well as they are planned。
【答案】　C
25．(2009年金華模擬)—Will you go home tomorrow evening?
—No，I am going to a lecture，or at least I am planning________.
A．so     B．to
C．it     D．that
【解析】　考查省略。用不定式符號(hào)to代替整個(gè)不定式to go to a lecture。
【答案】　B