中考英語語法考點分析—主謂一致一.就近原則 1. 由并列結構或連詞(either…or, neither…nor,not…but, not only…but also, or等)連接的并列主語,謂語動詞與較近的那個名詞或代詞保持一致。 Neither his parents nor Tom_____(be) at home. 2. 在倒裝句和there be句型中,謂語動詞與后面的第一個主語保持一致。 There _____(be) a book and some pens on the desk. There ______(come) the bus. 3. 在定語從句中,關系代詞作主語,其謂語動詞應與它所指代的先行詞保持一致。 I know the man who_____(be) talking to my father. 4. 在強調(diào)句中,連接代詞又在句中作主語,這時它應與被強調(diào)的主語保持一致。 It is Mary’s brother who_____(be) injured in the car accident yesterday. 二.意義一致原則 1. 當主語與謂語動詞之間插入along with,with,as well as,together with, besides,except, but, including等短語時 ,謂語動詞與第一個主語保持一致。 I along with my sister_____(be) going to Shanghai next month. 2. 由“what”引導的名詞性從句作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。 What I want to say _____(be) just “ Take care!”. 3. “…+ (of) +名詞”作主語時,若“of”后的名詞為單數(shù)(不可數(shù)名詞),則謂語動詞用單數(shù),如果名詞為復數(shù),則謂語動詞用復數(shù)。 Most of the water here ______(be) clean. 80% cotton ______have) been sent to America.80% Half of the apples ______(be) red. 6. 詞組“a number of”作主語時,謂語動詞應用復數(shù);“the number of”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 A number of ancient buildings _____ (be) destroyed in the war. The number of the visitors _____ (have) decreased this year. 7. 英語的集體名詞(family, public, group, team, class等詞),指代“整體”時為單數(shù);指代“其中的各成員”則為復數(shù)。 My family ____(be) very poor when I was a little girl My family ______(be) all looking forward for your coming. 三.整體原則 1. 從句、不定式、動名詞等作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 When to leave _____(be) not been decided. Watching TV too much _____(be) bad for your eyes. 注:如果主語是兩個(或兩個以上)的名詞性從句,謂語動詞常用復數(shù)。 What he said and what he did _____(be) always different last night . 2. 如果兩個以上的名詞組成一個整體概念作主語時,謂語動詞須用單數(shù)。 The novelist and poet _____(be) going to Europe next year. The novelist and the poet_____(be) going to Europe next year. 3. 表示時間、距離、金額、度量等詞語作主語時,通常被視作整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 10 minutes is enough. 4.加減乘除等數(shù)學運算謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。 2 and 3 ______5. 5.“the +姓氏名詞的復數(shù)”表示“一家人、….夫婦”,作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。 The Blacks ______(enjoy) working in China. 四.個體原則 1. every +….and every +…..或each+…and each +…作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 Every man and every woman _____(be) busy at working. 2. 英語句中的each, either, neither等詞,作代詞充當主語,修飾名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 Neither of us _____(have) been abroad. Neither answer _____(be) wrong . 3. 由some, any every, no構成的復合詞(somebody,nobody,everything,anything等)作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 Somebody ______(be)waiting for you at the school gate. 4. 成雙成對出現(xiàn)的復數(shù)名詞(glasses,shoes,trousers,pants,gloves等)作主語時,通常謂語動詞用復數(shù),但前面有a /the pair of;a /the suit of等詞語時,則謂語動詞要與量詞(pair, suit, piece )在單復數(shù)上保持一致。 A pair of scissors_______(be) useful tool for a dressmaker. Two pieces of paper ______(be ) on the desk . 5. 以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),卻表示單數(shù)意義(maths, physics, news …)謂語用單數(shù)。 Maths_____(be) my favorite subject. 6.“the +形容詞(old /young /rich /poor )”表示“一類人”,作主語時,謂語用復數(shù)。 The young ______(like) listening to popular songs . 7.“the +姓氏的復數(shù)” 表示“某某夫婦,某某一家人”,作主語時,謂語用復數(shù)。 The Greens _______(be)having lunch now. |
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