初三年級(jí)(中) 【知識(shí)梳理】 I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 1. give up 2. try out 3. most of 4. not…any more 5. at the age of 6. at that time 7. send message by telegraph 8. graduate from 9. turn down 10. put up 11. at the top of 12. get together 13. from house to house 14. at the end of 15. on top of 16. as well 17. climb down 18. in a single night 19. even though 20. live on 21. once upon a time 22. according to 23. keep warm 24. on the other hand 25. on show 26. on display 27. in the future 28. look up 29. Tree Planting Day 30. just right 31. as often as possible 32. wash away 33. in this way 34. in a few years' time 35. point to 36. thanks to 37. more or less 38. so far 39. shut down 40. send up 41. put off II. 重要句型 1.set one's mind to do sth. 2. put … together 3. stop…from… 4. keep…from… 5. be filled with sth. 6. give birth to 7. be covered with 8. be made of 9. fill…with… 10. match…with 11. be used for 12. have nothing to do with 13. come up with 14. no matter how… 15. keep sb./sth.warm III. 交際用語(yǔ) 1. ---I'm trying to … 2. --- I'll … 3. --- Which of these would you like most to …? 4. --- What do you want to … ? 5. --- I want to… 6. --- I hope to … 7. --- I plan to… 8. --- I'm going to… 9. --- I'm so happy that … 10. --- I'm glad …. 11. --- me too. 12. --- What's this called in English? 13. --- What's it made of? 14. --- It's made of … 15. --- What's it used for? 16. --- It's used for … 17. --- English is widely used for business/ … 18. --- It is one of the world's most important languages as it is so widely used. 19. --- Where is / are … grown / produced / made ? 20. --- The (ground ) must be just right… 21. --- It's best to … 22. --- The hole should not be too deep. 23. --- The Great Green Wall is 7000 kilometres long, and between 400 and 1700 kilometres wide. 24. --- The more, the better. 25. --- More or less! 26. --- The (ground ) must be just right… 27. --- The hole should not be too deep. 28. 掌握以下常見(jiàn)標(biāo)志: ENTRANCE EXIT PUSH PULL NO SMOKING NO PARKING FRAGILE THIS SIDE UP NO PHOTOS DANGER BUSINESS HOURS PLAY STOP PAUSE ON OFF IV. 重要語(yǔ)法 1. 動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法; 2. 動(dòng)詞不定式的功能和用法。 【名師講解】 1. be able to/ can (1) 都能表示“能夠,具備干某件事的能力”這個(gè)含義,此時(shí)可以互換。 Mr. Green is able to finish the work on time. = Mr. Green can finish the work on time. 格林先生能夠按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。 (2) be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài),而can 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,多用于現(xiàn)在時(shí),其過(guò)去式為could。 We are sure he will be able to be an artist when he grows up. 我們相信他長(zhǎng)大后能夠成為一名畫家。 Miss Lin has been able to pay the car by herself. 林小姐已經(jīng)能夠自己負(fù)擔(dān)那輛車了。 (4) 氣沒(méi)有could委婉 Can I have a look at this picture? 我能看看這張圖片嗎? Can we leave school after 6:00 p.m. ?我們可以在下午6點(diǎn)之后再離開(kāi)學(xué)校嗎? 表示可能性。 That man can’t be our new teacher. 那人不可能是我們的新老師。 The exam can’t be too difficult.考試不會(huì)太難。 2. bring/ take/carry/fetch (1) bring一般是指拿來(lái),即從別處往說(shuō)話人這里拿,翻譯成“帶來(lái)”。 He brought us some good news.他給我們帶來(lái)了一些好消息。 Please don’t forget to bring your homework tomorrow. 明天請(qǐng)別忘了把家庭作業(yè)帶來(lái)。 (2) take一般是指從說(shuō)話人這里往別處拿,翻譯成“帶走”。 Please take the umbrella with you. It’s going to rain.要下雨了,請(qǐng)把傘帶上。 She took the dictionary away.她把字典拿走了。 (3) carry不強(qiáng)調(diào)方向,表示“攜帶、背著、運(yùn)送、搬扛”等意思。 They carried the boxes into the factory. 他們把箱子搬進(jìn)了工廠。 A taxi carried them to the station. 出租車送他們到了車站 (4) fetch表示的是“去取來(lái)、去拿來(lái)、去叫來(lái)”等意思,包含去和來(lái)兩趟。 The waiter fetched them some apples.侍者為他們?nèi)?lái)了一些蘋果。 Mother fetched the doctor for her ill son.媽媽為生病的兒子請(qǐng)來(lái)了醫(yī)生。 3. whole/ all (1) whole強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)完整如一,互不分割的整體。 The whole country is suffering the war. 整個(gè)國(guó)家正遭遇戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。 I just want to know the whole story.我僅僅只想知道完整的故事。 whole在句中的位置是放在所有格,冠詞和指示代詞的之后。 They will spend their whole holiday in Canada. 他們將到加拿大渡過(guò)整個(gè)假期。(所有格后) She has finished writing the whole book. whole用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞(名詞用單數(shù))。 He ate the whole cake. 他把整個(gè)蛋糕都吃了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)整整一個(gè)蛋糕) (2) all強(qiáng)調(diào)由一個(gè)個(gè)部分組成的“全部”。 Miss Green knew all the students in the class. 格林小姐認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)班上的所有人。(一個(gè)一個(gè)全認(rèn)識(shí)) all在句中的位置是放在所有格,定冠詞和指示代詞的之前。 Jim finished all his homework in twenty minutes. 吉姆在20分鐘之內(nèi)完成了所有的作業(yè)。(所有格前) Of all the boys here, he sings best.在這里所有的男孩之中,他唱的最好。(定冠詞前) The boy can answer all these questions.那個(gè)男孩能夠回答所有的這些問(wèn)題。(指示代詞前) all既能修飾可數(shù)名詞(名詞須用復(fù)數(shù)),又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 All these five books are mine.這五本書都是我的。(修飾可數(shù)名詞) She was worried about her son all the time.她總在為她的兒子擔(dān)心。(修飾不可數(shù)名詞) 4. fill/ full (1) fill常作動(dòng)詞,與with連用,意思是“注滿、裝滿”,也能表示“填空;補(bǔ)缺”的意思。 He filled the box with chalk.他把粉筆裝滿了盒子。 The bucket is filled with water.水桶里裝滿了水。 (2) full是形容詞,翻譯成“滿的,裝滿的”,常與of連用。此外還能表示“完全的”和“吃飽的,過(guò)飽的”。 All the rooms are full of people.所有的房間都滿人了。 The bus was full. He had to wait for the next one.這輛車人滿了,他只有等下一輛。 5. be made of/ be made from/ be made in/ be made into (1) be made of表示"由…制成", 一般指能夠看出原材料,或發(fā)生的是物理變化。 This table cloth is made of paper.這張桌布是由紙做的。 This salad is made of apples and strawberries.這種沙拉是由蘋果和草莓做的。 (2) be made from也表示"由…制成",但一般指看不出原材料,或發(fā)生的是化學(xué)變化。 Bread is made from corn.面包是小麥做的。 The lifeboat is made from some special material.這個(gè)救生艇是由某種特殊材料制成的。 (3) be made in指的是產(chǎn)地,意思為"于…制造"。 The caps are made in Russia.這些帽子產(chǎn)于俄羅斯。 My mother likes to buy things which are made in China. 我媽媽喜歡買中國(guó)產(chǎn)的東西。 (4) be made into的意思為"被制成為…"。 This piece of wood will be made into a small bench. 這塊木頭將要被制成一個(gè)小凳。 The paper has been made into clothes for the doll. 紙被做成了洋娃娃的衣服。 6. none/ no one/ neither (1) none既能指人,又能指物,意思是"沒(méi)有一個(gè),無(wú)一",常用作代詞,與of連用。 None of us has heard of him before.我們沒(méi)有一個(gè)人以前聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他。 I like none of the coats. 那些外套我一件都不喜歡。 none用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。 None of the answers is true.沒(méi)有一個(gè)答案是正確的。 None of the rooms are mine.沒(méi)有一間房子是我的。 (2) no one只能用來(lái)指人,且不能與of連用。 No one is absent.沒(méi)有人缺席。 I knew no one there.那里我一個(gè)人也不認(rèn)識(shí)。 no one用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)。 No one agrees with you. 沒(méi)有人同意你的說(shuō)法。 (3) neither作代詞是對(duì)兩者都進(jìn)行否定,意思為"兩者都不",作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Neither of the boys is from England. 這兩個(gè)男孩都不是來(lái)自英國(guó)。 I know neither of them.他們兩個(gè)我都不認(rèn)識(shí)。 7. found/ find (1) find的意思是"找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)",其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都是found. (2) found是另外一個(gè)詞,與find并沒(méi)有關(guān)系,意思是"成立、建設(shè)",常用作及物動(dòng)詞。 (1)hear的意思是"聽(tīng)見(jiàn);聽(tīng)說(shuō),得知",后面能接名詞、代詞或賓語(yǔ)從句。 (2) hear of的意思是"聽(tīng)說(shuō)",一般指非直接的聽(tīng)見(jiàn),而是聽(tīng)別人說(shuō)的。后不能接賓語(yǔ)從句。 (3) hear from的意思是"收到來(lái)信",與"聽(tīng)"無(wú)關(guān)。 I often hear from him. 我經(jīng)常收到他的來(lái)信。 He hasn't heard from his mother for a long time.他很久沒(méi)有收到媽媽的信了 9. send/ send for (1) send意思是"送往,派遣",還有"發(fā)信,寄信"的意思。 (2) send for意思是"召喚;派人去??;派人去拿",而非本人親自去。 10. get to/ arrive/ reach (1) arrive后不能直接接地點(diǎn),是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞。若表示到達(dá)一個(gè)相對(duì)大的地點(diǎn),用arrive in ; 若表示相對(duì)小的地點(diǎn),用arrive at . (2) reach能直接接所到達(dá)的地點(diǎn),是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。 They reached London on Friday.他們星期五到達(dá)了倫敦。 The news only reached me yesterday.我于昨天才接到這個(gè)消息。 reach還有"伸手去取,伸手觸及,聯(lián)絡(luò)"等意思。 Can you reach that apple on the tree? 你能夠到樹(shù)上的哪個(gè)蘋果嗎? He can always be reached on the phone.可隨時(shí)打電話跟他聯(lián)系。 (3) get在表示"到達(dá)"時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)與to搭配使用。 We often get to school on foot.我們經(jīng)常步行到學(xué)校。 They got to the top of the hill at noon.他們于中午到達(dá)了山頂。 【考點(diǎn)掃描】 中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在: 1. 動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法; 2. 動(dòng)詞不定式的功能和用法; 3. 本單元的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型; 4. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的交際用語(yǔ)。 考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。 【中考范例】 1. (2004年北京市中考試題) 【解析】答案:B。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成和用法。這個(gè)句子的基本句型是ask sb. not to do sth. 這里,not to eat 是不定式的否定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 2. (2004年嘉興市中考試題) A. 【解析】答案:B。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)。Chinese 是一種語(yǔ)言,只能被人教,因此要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。又因?yàn)檎f(shuō)的現(xiàn)在的情況,動(dòng)詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。所以選B。 3. (2004年河北省中考試題) A. 【解析】答案:C。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)。This painting只能被賣,所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),又因?yàn)槭?977年賣的,所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 4. (2004年揚(yáng)州市中考試題) 【解析】答案:D。該題考查的是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法。本單元學(xué)習(xí)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞come up with a new idea意思是想出新主意,正符合題意。 【滿分演練】 一. 選擇填空。 1. The boy is too hungry, he has already eaten an apple, but he asks for_______ one. 2. It’s going to rain. You’d better __________ there. 3. He spent much time __________ the work. 4. Mr Green would like to meet the headmaster _______ 8:00 ______ 9:00 tomorrow morning. 5. When _______ his uncle _________? 6. They ________ this city last week. 7. The TV set doesn't ______ too much. I can afford it. 8. His father will be back from Beijing ________a month. 9. He read nothing, _________he? 10. There’s _____ milk in the bottle, is there? 11. Look, there is a map of China ______ the two windows. 12. Two languages are very _____ used. One is English, Chinese is ______ one. 13. I was badly ill yesterday. That's ______ I didn't go to school. 14. " Have a good time this weekend!" " ________." 15. ______ of the money is yours. 16. ______ of the apples are red. 17. It's getting dark. You'd better ______ out alone. 18. His home is ______ the northeast of China. 19. All the old things were invented ______ ago. 20. Jack likes to ______ others, but never writes to them. A. hear of B. hear about C. hear from D. hear 二. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空. 1. This job can _________ quite quickly. (do) 2. ________ you ________ your homework yet? (finish) 3. That pen isn't yours. It's _________ .(her) 4. Can you help __________ with my English?(I) 5. Lin Lin is the __________ in our class.(young) 6. Who is _____________, Mike or Jack ? (tall) 7. We live on the ___________floor. (twenty) 8. English _________ in many countries today. (speak) 9. I __________ born on July 2nd, 1989. ( be) 10. You’d better __________ here as soon as possible. (leave) 三. 完型填空 1. A. fall 2. A. what 3. A. very 4. A. lend 5. A. riding B. ride C. rode 6. A. falls 7. A. poor 8. A. surprised C. surprise 9. A. needs 10. A. smiles B. smile C. a smile D. an smile 四. 閱讀理解 The war finally ended in 1945. During the next years, two great things happened-my dad came home from the army, and I was born! I was the first child, but I wasn't alone for long. In the next four years, my mother had three more boys. It was great having a big family! The four of us were very close in age, so we played together all the time. We liked the game “policemen and thieves” best. It was exciting. Everybody always wanted to be a thief. Of course, someone had to be the policeman, and it was usually me. Well, I have grown up now, but I still love the game. There is only one thing different. I'm a real policeman, Policeman Joe, so it's not a game any more. 判斷下列句子是否符合短文內(nèi)容。符合的用“A”表示;不符合的用“B”表示. 1. Joe's father was once a soldier. 2. During the war his father came back home. 3. Joe was the youngest child in the family. 4. He got on well with his brothers. 5. He always had to be the thief in the game. Michael Jordan is the most famous basketball player in the world. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He didn’t like to talk to other people about himself. He was very short. He didn’t play very well when he joined the basketball team in his high school at first. But the next year things changed greatly for him as he grew much taller. Michael Jordan became famous when he joined the university basketball team in North Carolina. Michael used his speed and strength(力量) to reach the basket again. He played so well that people called him “Air Jordan”. After college, Michael became a basketball team member in the Chicago Bulls. The NBA was very surprised at this high-flying player. He was named “Rookie”(新秀) of the year in 1985 and “Most Valuable(價(jià)值的) Player” in 1987. He once set a record(創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄) by getting 63 points in one game. 1. Jordan is a basketball superstar in ____________________. A. England B. America C. Canada D. Japan 2. When he joined the basketball team in his high school, he ___________ at first. A. didn’t play very well B. played very well C. grew much taller D. set a record 3. He began to become famous in __________________________. A. the university basketball team B. the NBA C. his high school at first D. the Chicago Bulls 4. He is often called “_________________”. A. Rookie B. the NBA C. Air Jordan D. Most Valuable Player 5. The NBA was very surprised at the superstar when __________________. A. he was young B. he joined the basketball in his high school C. he joined the university basketball team D. he joined the Chicago Bulls |