二. 直接拼讀法的基本原理

1．英語是一種拼音字母。英語是一種拼音（phonological）文字，英語單詞是以字母組成，字母或字母組合構(gòu)成了單詞的讀音。如：

（1）輔音字母的讀音：

音形一致的拼音：b[b],p [p], m[ m], f [f],d [d],t[t],n[n],l[l],g[g],k[k],h[h],l [l] ,r [r], v [v], w [w], z[z],

音形不一致的拼音： c [k] [s] [ ], g [g] [d , j [d ], x [ks] ,y [j], s [s] [z] [ ] [ ]

最常見的輔音字母組合的拼讀sh [?], ch [t?], th [θ], ph [f],

（2.）元音字母的讀音：

元音字母的拼讀，首先我要學(xué)生先了解什么是開音節(jié)？（以元音字母結(jié)尾的音節(jié)為開音節(jié)），什么是閉音節(jié)？（以輔音字母結(jié)尾的音節(jié)為閉音節(jié)），并和學(xué)生一起尋找發(fā)音規(guī)律，規(guī)律找到了，當(dāng)學(xué)生了解了音節(jié)的規(guī)律，元音字母的發(fā)音就迎刃而解了。如：

★開音節(jié)的拼音：

A 發(fā)字母本身音[ei] age, ate, name, cake, lake, take, make, game, gave, made, late, came, bate, date, face, gate, hate, page, race, same, tame, wake, gave, famous, lady, bake等。

E發(fā)字母本身音[i:] be, these, me, he, she, we, 等。

I發(fā)字母本身音[ai] I bike, China, like, fine, five, kite, nice, wide, Friday, ride, white, write, Chinese, ice, line, mine, life, idea, nine, 等。

O發(fā)字母本身音[u] ago, radio, go, photo, rode, old, told, hold, cold, home, those, kilo, so, homework, phone, also, no, note, robot, nose, hope, joke, close, stone, clothes, broken等。

U發(fā)字母本身音[ju:] cute, bute, mute, fume, men, pupil, argue, use, 等。

★閉音節(jié)的拼音：

A 發(fā)[ ]口型要打大at, bat, bad, band, apple, animal, fat, has, am, and, cat, cap, bag, family, capital, Saturday, than, had, grand, carry, happen, back, ran, badly, angry, sad, rang, flat, map, mat, van, man, ban, bap, can, cam, cab, cad, catch, hand, fantastic, thank, black, blackboard, panda, that, happy, activity, drank, dragon, taxi, swam, hat, sad, dad, mad, mat, pat, rat, sat，fan，lam，tad， van， wan等。

E 發(fā)[e]讓學(xué)生老師模仿口型 when, met, them, well, smell, tell, ball, clever, every, help, better, west, then, yes, yesterday, fell, hello, desk, red, yellow, ten, pen, pencil, bed, bedroom, dress, festival, get, telephone, egg, went, leg, twenty, next, let, men, chess, bet，net，pet ret，set，tet，vet，wet

I [i] different, bring, holiday, lift, ticket, big, dinner, fish, listen, it, is, six, this, in, sister, his, him, bit, little, river, picnic, think, city, with, finish, sit, chick, skip, miss, nothing, pink, picture, little, listen, thing, drink, visit, swim,

O發(fā)[ ] 讓學(xué)生老師模仿口型drop, shop, box, bottle, coffee, lost, cross, long, pop, stop, dog, not, body, box, clock, computer, doll, got, hot, pocket, office, point, lots, doctor

U發(fā)[ ] us, study, funny, but, bus, sun, Sunday, summer, hurry, mum, under, understand, cut, duck, truck, muck, much, puck, lucky, fun, gun, Hun, nun, pun, run, sun, tun, up,

字母組合的讀音也是有規(guī)律可循的。如;

ea, ee字母組合的發(fā)[i:]音：tea, clean, team, eat, east, speak, please, each, easy, read, sea, teacher，need, cheese, wheel, feel, agree, green, week, thirteen, fourteen, three, deep, peep, weep, sleep, jeep, see, feet, street, teeth, meet, week

部分ea字母組合發(fā)[e]：bread, heavy, breakfast, weather, head, headache, ready, deaf,

oa,字母組合的發(fā)[u]音：road, boat, coat,

ir字母組合的發(fā)[ ]音：girl, bird, thirsty, third, first, birthday, circle, sir, shirt, skirt, dirty, skirt,

ar,組合字母發(fā)[ a:（a再s, ss前）也發(fā)[a:]：hard, card, park, art, car, are, dark, arm, farmer, market, party, large, star, argue，far

class, vase, glass, pass, last, past, task,, mast, vast, cast, fast等

ow字母組合有時(shí)發(fā)[u]音：window, yellow, show, slow, sow, tow, bow, mow, 等。

ou, ow字母組合有時(shí)發(fā)[au]音mouth, about,, house, housework, south, how, now, town,等。

oo字母組合有時(shí)發(fā)發(fā)[u]音：hood ,頭巾wool ,羊毛 look ,good , foot, room, football, took, cook wood, book, goodbye,

oo字母組合有時(shí)發(fā)[ u: ]food, moon, tool, toon, 紅椿 noon, pool, zoo, too, school, cool, tooth

ear字母組合有時(shí)發(fā) [i ]音：tear，dear，fear，gear，hear， near，shear，rear，sear

ear字母組合有時(shí)和air一樣發(fā)[   ]：bear, tear, wear, pear,

oy字母組合發(fā)[ i ]音: boy, toy, hoy趕牲畜的呼叫聲, coy靦腆的, foy告別宴會(huì), goy, 異教徒soy醬油；黃豆

iht 字母組合發(fā)[ ai ]音：right, light, night, fight, might, tight

ay字母組合發(fā)[ ei]音: stay, say, day, gay快樂的, hay干草, lay設(shè)置

2、直接拼讀法存在例外是一種正常現(xiàn)象

英語單詞的讀音方法與拼寫不一致，甚至一個(gè)英語字母有多種讀音或一個(gè)元音可以代表多種發(fā)音。

例如：字母Aa可以有八種讀音：在開音節(jié)單詞中發(fā)[ ei ]“date. make .came”等;在閉音節(jié)中發(fā)[   ]”map, cap, cat. ha等”；在s,ss前發(fā)[ a: ]”fast, pass, glass, class, passport”等；在輕讀音節(jié)中發(fā)[ ],“about, above, again, abroad, ago”等；在單詞want,中發(fā)[   ]；在單詞“wall”中發(fā)[   ];在單詞 “comrade”中發(fā)[ i ] ；在單詞“many”中發(fā)[ e ]。另外還有一些字母組合。例如：ay; ea; ar; oa; ear; ai;等。總之，一個(gè)英語字母有多種發(fā)音或一個(gè)元音可以代表多種發(fā)音，這是一種經(jīng)?，F(xiàn)象，并不影響學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和掌握直接拼讀。