DBA的工作列表上寫了些什么?
數(shù)據(jù)庫管理員(DBA)的主要工作 啟動和關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫 一) 啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫 $ svrmgrl SVRMGR> connect internal (實例啟動) SVRMGR> startup 二) 關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫 $ svrmgrl SVRMGR> connect internal SVRMGR> shutdown [immediate/abort] immediate:正在訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫的會話被完全終止、資源有序釋放后才關(guān)閉 數(shù)據(jù)庫。 abort: 會話立即中止,數(shù)據(jù)庫立即關(guān)閉。 備份與恢復(fù) 一) 邏輯備份與恢復(fù)(即卸庫與裝庫) 1. 卸庫:export 不帶參數(shù): $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin $ exp Username: cwadmin Password: Connected to: Oracle8 Enterprise Edition Release 8.0.4.0.0 - Production PL/SQL Release 8.0.4.0.0 - Production Enter array fetch buffer size: 40Array6 > Export file: expdat.dmp > pzexdat.dmp (1) E(ntire database), (2)U(sers), or (3)T(ables): (2)U > 1 Export grants (yes/no): yes > y Export table data (yes/no): yes > y Compress extents (yes/no): yes >y export 工作開始自動進(jìn)行最終出現(xiàn): Export terminated successfully without warnings. 帶參數(shù),可選參數(shù)如下(可用exp help=y 得到): Keyword Description (Default) Keyword Description (Default) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- USERID username/password FULL export entire file (N) BUFFER size of data buffer OWNER list of owner usernames FILE output file (EXPDAT.DMP) TABLES list of table names COMPRESS import into one extent (Y) RECORDLENGTH length of IO record GRANTS export grants (Y) INCTYPE incremental export type INDEXES export indexes (Y) RECORD track incr. export (Y) ROWS export data rows (Y) PARFILE parameter filename CONSTRAINTS export constraints (Y) CONSISTENT cross-table consistency LOG log file of screen output STATISTICS analyze objects (ESTIMATE) DIRECT direct path (N) FEEDBACK display progress every x rows (0) POINT_IN_TIME_RECOVER Tablespace Point-in-time Recovery (N) RECOVERY_TABLESPACES List of tablespace names to recover VOLSIZE number of bytes to write to each tape volume 例:$exp userid=cwadmin/cwadmin tables=’(sys_cwxx,sys_menu)’ file=pzexport.dmp 2. 裝庫: 不帶參數(shù) $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin $ imp Username: cwadmin Password: Connected to: Oracle8 Enterprise Edition Release 8.0.4.0.0 - Production PL/SQL Release 8.0.4.0.0 - Production Import file: expdat.dmp > pzexdat.dmp Enter insert buffer size (minimum is 40Array6) 30720> 10240 Export file created by EXPORT:V08.00.04 via conventional path List contents of import file only (yes/no): no > Ignore create error due to object existence (yes/no): no > y Import grants (yes/no):yes > y Import table data (yes/no):yes >y Import entire export file (yes/no):no >y import 工作開始自動進(jìn)行最終出現(xiàn): Import terminated successfully with warnings. 帶參數(shù),可選參數(shù)如下(可用imp help=y 得到): Keyword Description (Default) Keyword Description (Default) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- USERID username/password FULL import entire file (N) BUFFER size of data buffer FROMUSER list of owner usernames FILE input file (EXPDAT.DMP) TOUSER list of usernames SHOW just list file contents (N) TABLES list of table names IGNORE ignore create errors (N) RECORDLENGTH length of IO record GRANTS import grants (Y) INCTYPE incremental import type INDEXES import indexes (Y) COMMIT commit array insert (N) ROWS import data rows (Y) PARFILE parameter filename LOG log file of screen output DESTROY overwrite tablespace data file (N) INDEXFILE write table/index info to specified file CHARSET character set of export file (NLS_LANG) POINT_IN_TIME_RECOVER Tablespace Point-in-time Recovery (N) SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES skip maintenance of unusable indexes (N) ANALYZE execute ANALYZE statements in dump file (Y) FEEDBACK display progress every x rows(0) VOLSIZE number of bytes in file on each volume of a file on tape 例:$imp userid=cwadmin/cwadmin tables=’(sys_dwxx, sys_menu)’ file=pzexdat.dmp 二) 物理備份與恢復(fù) 1. 冷備份與熱備份 冷備份 在數(shù)據(jù)庫關(guān)閉狀態(tài)與進(jìn)行。將所有的數(shù)據(jù)文件、重演日志文件及控制文件拷貝到磁盤??臻e的時間再將備份移到磁帶上。 (1)可通過:SVRMGR> select * from v$logfile; select * from v$dbfile; select * from v$control.file; 這些語句來了解數(shù)據(jù)文件、重演日志文件及控制文件的相應(yīng)位置及名稱。 ?。?)利用$cp 命令來拷貝: 例:$cp /u01/u02/pz_ts.ora /dbfile_b/ 熱備份 數(shù)據(jù)庫必須工作在“ARCHIVELOG”方式下 可利用SVRMGR> archive log list 語句來查歸檔日志狀態(tài) 若在“NOARCHIVELOG”方式下,進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換 SVRMGR> connect internal SVRMGR> shutdown immediate ---關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫--- SVRMGR> startup mount ---為暫停日志方式轉(zhuǎn)換準(zhǔn)備數(shù)據(jù)庫--- SVRMGR> alter database archivelog; ---轉(zhuǎn)換--- SVRMGR> alter database open; ---打開數(shù)據(jù)庫--- 拷貝 1> 將一個表空間置為備份方式 SVRMGR> alter tablespace pzts begin backup; 2> 拷貝 SVRMGR>$cp /u01/u02/pz_ts.ora /dbfile_b/ 3> 取消該表備份方式 SVRMGR>alter tablespace pzts end backup; 利用以上3步,將所有表空間下的數(shù)據(jù)文件進(jìn)行備份 4> 拷貝控制文件 5> 拷貝歸檔重演日志 2. 恢復(fù) 磁盤出現(xiàn)故障,數(shù)據(jù)庫自行關(guān)閉。 ?。?) 將駐留在磁盤上的備份拷貝到其他磁盤或磁帶上 ?。?) 執(zhí)行 SVRMGR> connect internal SVRMGR> startup mount SVRMGR> alter database open; 會出現(xiàn)錯誤信息,提示需要恢復(fù) (3) 執(zhí)行 SVRMGR> recover database 根據(jù)提示,自動恢復(fù) (4) 執(zhí)行 SVRMGR>alter database open 恢復(fù)完成,數(shù)據(jù)庫打開。 |
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