一般過(guò)去時(shí)

1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用來(lái)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。在一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的句子中，要注意其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，尤其是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成，如see-saw，go-went等；此外，疑問(wèn)句和否定句要使用助動(dòng)詞did。用在一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有yesterday，last Tuesday，three weeks ago等，當(dāng)然，還有由when，before，after等引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

eg: Mary didn’t stay at home yesterday morning.

   I often played games by the river when I was young.

【中考鏈接】We were in Qingdao last week and _______ a great time.

            A. will have    B. have had    C. had    D. have    （2008·北京）

【解析】選C。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last week可知句子用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，and連接的前后兩個(gè)并列句，時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致。故and后也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

2. 有時(shí)候，在一個(gè)句子中，并沒(méi)有表明明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但根據(jù)句子的意思，可以判斷出動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的，因此也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

eg: I knew he liked collecting match boxes. （我當(dāng)時(shí)知道他收集火柴盒）

   --- Hi, Nancy. How was your trip to the Great Wall?

   --- Hi, Bill. Oh, we had a good time there.

（句子在說(shuō)他們談?wù)摰倪^(guò)去的事，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。）

【中考鏈接】① --- When _______ your mother ________ you that blue dress, Mary?

               --- Sorry, I really can’t remember.  （2008·武漢）

              A. does, buy    B. has, bought    C. had, bought    D. did, buy

             ② --- I called you just now, but nobody answered. Where _______?

                --- I was out with my mother.   （2008·安徽）

              A. were you    B. are you     C. have you gone     D. have you gone

【解析】① 選D。句子問(wèn)的是“你媽媽合適為你買(mǎi)的那條藍(lán)色的裙子”，可知買(mǎi)裙子的事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

② 選A。根據(jù)句意，說(shuō)的是“我剛才給你打電話(huà)，但沒(méi)人接”，緊接著問(wèn)“你當(dāng)時(shí)在哪兒”，因此用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

1. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)用來(lái)表示過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，其基本構(gòu)成為was / were +doing。常用在過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有at this time yesterday，at ten o’clock last night，at that time等以及由when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

eg: I was listening to the radiio at half past eight yesterday morning.

   What were you doing when I knocked at the door?

【中考鏈接】--- Were you at home at nine o’clock last night?

            --- Yes, I _________ a shower at that time.  （2008·吉林）

            A. took   B. was taking   C. was taken   D. am taking

【解析】選B。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at nine o’clock last night，可知是過(guò)去具體的某一時(shí)刻，因此答句應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。

2. 表示在過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間同事發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，往往用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示短暫的動(dòng)作。此外，while用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，也可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表達(dá)主句和從句同事發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）；此時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。

eg: Mum was cooking dinner when I returned home.

   Danny was writing a while we wrere watching TV.

【中考鏈接】① The children ______ a P.E. class on the playground when it suddenly began to

rain. （2008 河北）

              A. have    B. am having    C. had    D. were having

             ② I ______my homework while my parents ______ TV last night. ( 2006·南京）

              A. did, have watched        B. was doing, were watching

              C. had done, were watching   D. would do, were watching

【解析】① 選D。 When 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句是過(guò)去時(shí)，所以主句的動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)里孩子們正在上體育課，所以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。

        ② 選B。因?yàn)闀r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是在昨晚表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間，而while用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，也可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表達(dá)主句和從句同事發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以選D。

3. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)還可以用來(lái)表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（有時(shí)也可以有間歇）。

  eg: It was snowing last night.

     We were listening to music the whole morning yesterday.

 注意，此時(shí)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)是和一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)有明顯的差別的。前者表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（可能沒(méi)完成），而后者往往表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。

eg: I was reading a storybook last night. （強(qiáng)調(diào)昨晚一直在看，可能未看完）。

   I read a storybook last night.  （只是表達(dá)動(dòng)作昨晚看故事書(shū)了，已看完）。

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

    過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)看要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有the next day, the next year等。

1.構(gòu)成

和一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)相對(duì)應(yīng)，其構(gòu)成常用以下兩種，“would + 動(dòng)詞原形”和“was / were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形”。此外，還可用was / were to do sth.和限于某些瞬間動(dòng)詞come, go, leave等的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)。

2.用法

（1）常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。eg: He told me he would come here by train the next week.

【中考鏈接】The Japanese asked when Lucy _________ the USA.   （2006·山西）)

           A. flying to   B. will fly to   C. would fly to   D. flew for   

【解析】選C。主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為asked, 從當(dāng)時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。故選C。

（2）敘述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的故事。

eg: It was a sunny morning. A boy ran on the road and he was going to …

（3）表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作常用would + do 來(lái)表示，相當(dāng)于uesd to do，意為“過(guò)去常?！?。

eg: He would often put up his hand in class when he was young.

   = He uesd to put up his hand in class when he was young.

過(guò)去完成時(shí)

    過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)常用來(lái)表示在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，也可用來(lái)表示在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到“過(guò)去”，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為had+done。

 1. 表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。也就是我們常說(shuō)的“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，與之常連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有by last week, by the end of last year等。并且過(guò)去完成時(shí)常出現(xiàn)在由when, before, after引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合句中。

eg: We had finished our homework when class was over.

   By the time we got there, he had left.

【中考鏈接】By the end of last year, we _______ more than 2,000 words.

            A. learned  B. have learned   C. had learned    （2008·青海）

【解析】選C。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)by the end of last year, 說(shuō)的是“到去年年底為止”，故句子用完成時(shí)態(tài)。

2. 表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與for, since等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，句中需用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

eg: He said he had been a teacher since 2001.

   The film had been on 10 minutes when we got to the cinima.

3. 常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中，此時(shí)主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

eg: He told me he had finished writing the novel.

【中考鏈接】---Why did Miss Wang look so woried when we saw her?

            ---Because she wondered ______. （2008·南京）

           A. where did the other students go

           B. when would the policeman come

           C. what her students have done during the trip

           D. if her students had survived the earthquake.

【解析】選D。此題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，所以排除A和B。賓語(yǔ)從句和主句的時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致，主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，即過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，所以選D。

備戰(zhàn)中考

（   ）1. Our teacher, Mr.Zhang, _____ English on the radio three days ago.

        A. teaches  B. taught   C. will teach   D. had taught

（   ）2. --- Were you at home at 10 o’clock last night?

          --- Yes.I _____ TV at that time.

        A. watched  B. was watching   C. was watched   D. am watching

（   ）3. Parick said he _____ his grandpa next Saturday.

        A. will visit   B. were going to visit   C. would visit   D. is going to visit

（   ）4. When the ambulance came, he _____ for three minutes.

        A. died  B. has died  C. had died   D. had been dead

（   ）5. Bill _____ to work in his hometown after he graduated from Beijng.

        A. goes  B. went   C. will go   D. had gone

（   ）6. --- Did he tell you when he ____- to school?

          --- No, he didn’t.

        A. returned    B. will return   C. would return   D. has returned

（   ）7. While he _____ his homework, his mother came back.

        A. was doing  B. is doing   C. did  D. would do

（   ）8. --- Has he returne the money to you yet?

          --- Not yet. But he said he _____ it soon.

        A. returned   B. has returned   C. will return   D. would return

（   ）9. --- When ___ you ____this white car?

          ---Three weeks ago.

        A. did, buy  B. do, buy  C. have, bought   D. will, buy

（   ）10. I really wanted to know how many tree you _____.

         A. have planted  B. had planted  C. will plant   D. will planted 

參考答案

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