Unit 8 I will help clean up the city park基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)
　　　　　　　　　　　　

一、重點(diǎn)新詞必備

1  hunger n. 饑餓        V. 渴求，渴望，常與for， after 連用       adj. Hunger   go hunger 挨餓

   eg  I hunger for a new car

       Many people went hungry because of the flood.因?yàn)樗疄?zāi)，有許多人挨餓。

2  establish  v. 建立，建造

   辨析establish,build,set up, put up,found

 ＊Establish多用于創(chuàng)辦學(xué)校，協(xié)會(huì)，建立國家，政府，制度等

   We established this school ten years ago

 ＊build一般用于建房屋，橋梁，路道等也用于建立抽象的事物如社會(huì)主義。

   A new road was built near their school

 ＊set up 用于把某物架起來，或立起來與第一相同意思，只是較口語化

   The factory set up a night school last year .

 ＊put up 用于建臨時(shí)性的房屋與第二相同，只是較口語化                                               

   The boys put up their tents in the woods

 ＊found 強(qiáng)調(diào)開始建立，創(chuàng)立。

   The people’s Republic of China was founded on October 1 1949

3  fix  v. 修理    辨析 fix  repair  mend

＊     fix 在美語中與第二的區(qū)別不大

I was asked to fix the bicycle .

＊     repair 是指受到一定損壞的東西恢復(fù)到原來的形狀或功能repair 的范圍很廣

I must have my car repaired.

＊     mend是恢復(fù)某物原來的樣子（包括用針線）一般指較小的物體。

Will you mend this hole in my sock？

4  disable  adj. 肢體有殘疾的   eg The girl is disable

注意the +adj. 表示這一類人，做主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

   eg the disable殘疾人 the poor窮人   the rich 富人the young 年輕人the old 老人

5  pleasure  n. 快樂，愉快，高興       with pleasure表示樂于接受或同意某事

  eg Will you come with us ?---With pleasure .

   辨析 please   pleased  pleasant  pleasure

＊     please v. 使?jié)M意      It’s hard to please all 眾口難調(diào)

＊     pleased  adj.高興的滿意的主語是人，做表語

常用短語be pleased with 對(duì)…滿意    be pleased to do sth 樂于做某事

eg I’m pleased to see you     They were pleased with the painting

＊ pleasant adj.令人愉快的令人高興的主語為物

   I hope you will have a pleasant holiday.

   The walk is very pleasant

＊     pleasure  n. 快樂，娛樂，高興     I go fishing for pleasure .

二、本單元短語

1.chean up 打掃干凈     2.chear up 使振奮        3.give out =hand out分發(fā)

4.put off 推遲      5.set up=establish  建立、創(chuàng)立、開辦    6.think up =come up with 想出

7.look after =take care of =care for 照顧

8、 fix up修理、修補(bǔ)好     repair sth 修理（較大的東西）    mend sth 修理、補(bǔ)（衣服或電器）

9.give away 贈(zèng)送       10.put up = put sth on the wall張貼    11.work out fine 結(jié)局很好   

12.at once=right away 馬上     13.get to do sth 逐漸做……    14.work outside在外工作

15.help homeless people 幫助無家可歸的人     17.give/sb sth=provide sb with sth 給某人某物

18.help do sth   幫助做某事         19.help sb do\\with sth幫助某人某事

20.come up with a plan 提出一個(gè)計(jì)劃       21.put up advertisements 張貼廣告

22.put off sth  推遲某事     23.write down sth 寫下某事   

24.set up a food bank建立一個(gè)食物儲(chǔ)蓄站

25、 carry sth in one`s hand 拿著某物         carry sb. on one`s back 背著某人

carry sb in one`s arm  抱著某人      carry sth with sb. 隨身帶著某物

26.put sth to use 把…投入使用、利用

27. take after（外貌、性格等方面）與……相像     be similar to sb  與……相似

look like sb  （只指外表看起來像）              be the same as    和……一樣                

28.give away sth to sb 贈(zèng)送某人某物

29.Sth use up(被動(dòng)) /Sb. run out of sth （主動(dòng)）   =don’t have any more sth  用完某物

30.spend time doing sth    =It take sb+ 時(shí) to do sth   發(fā)時(shí)間做某事

31.tell sb about sth 告訴某人關(guān)于某事        33.be hungry  饑餓的

32.donate sth to sb =give away sth. to sb  向某人贈(zèng)送某物       

34.less(后綴表否定)—ful(表肯定)

homeless無家可歸的   nameless匿名的   hopeless無可救藥的  useless無用的

careless粗心的       careful細(xì)心的­

35.a major/great commitment 一個(gè)重大奉獻(xiàn)        major in+學(xué)科

36.at the elementary school 在小學(xué)     37.become/be a veterinarian 成為一名獸醫(yī)

38.coach a football team for sb  為某人訓(xùn)練一支足球隊(duì)

39.help disabled 、blind、deaf people  幫助殘疾人、盲人/聾人

40.It’s one’s pleasure to do sth 很樂意做某事

41.be able/unable to do sth  可能/不能做某事

42.shut up  閉嘴      43.support sb 支持某人    44.appreciate sb 感激某人

45Volunteer Day  志愿日    Clean-up Day  清潔日

46.not only …but also…  不僅…而且…     47.be home to   ….的家\是……的發(fā)源地

48.volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事          49.each of them  他們中的每個(gè)人

50.plan to do sth  計(jì)劃做某事              51.in an animal hospital 一家動(dòng)物醫(yī)院

52.be a professional singer 一個(gè)職業(yè)歌手   53.volunteer project 志愿項(xiàng)目

54.test paper  考卷        55 solve=find out the answer of……

56.sport club 運(yùn)動(dòng)俱樂部          57.a photo of sb 某人的一張照片

58.send sth to sb 送某人某物      59.make it possible 使…成為可能

60、fill sth with sth 使…充滿…    be filled with    be full of   用……裝滿

61.face the challenge 面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)聯(lián)    62.ues one’s arm well 很好的使用某人的手

63.answer the telephone 接電話      64.open/shut doors  開/關(guān)門

65.carry sth  搬運(yùn)某物        66.be difficult for sb 對(duì)某人來說很困難

67.a friend of mine(雙重所有格) =one of my friends 我的一個(gè)朋友

68.get a specially trained dog 得到一只特別訓(xùn)練的狗

69.because of 因?yàn)?nbsp;       70.kind donation 慈善募捐     71.train to do sth 訓(xùn)練做某事

72.understand different instructions 明白不同的指示

73.fetch one’s sth  取來某人的東西        74.be used to do  被用于做某事

75.an amazing dog 一只迷人的狗      76.bring home 帶回家    77.feel lucky感到幸運(yùn)

78、call sb    call sb up   give sb a ring(call)    ring sb up    

make a telephone call to sb    給某人打電話

79.make notes of=write down  寫下、記下      80.make pen pals 交筆友

81.help sb. out 幫某人解決困難     appreciate sb   感激某人    support sb   支持某人

三、重點(diǎn)句型。

1  You could help clean up the city parks

 ＊help sb (to)do sth =help sb with sth

 eg He helps me (to)do my homework  = He helps me with my homework

2  you could give out food at the food bank

＊give out =hand out 分發(fā)，發(fā)放  give away 捐贈(zèng)gave in 屈服   gave off 發(fā)出  gave up 放棄

＊     hand in hand 手拉手   hand in =turn in上交

on the one hand 在一方面    on the other hand 在另一方面

3  …..，we can’t put off making a plan …

拓展put off 推遲，拖延 put up 張貼，掛起，建造   put down寫下放下    put away收好，放好

put out 熄滅       put on 穿上  

＊     think up想出，編造think about 考慮    think of 想起，認(rèn)為    think over 仔細(xì)考慮

4  Not only do I feel good about helping other people ,but I get to spend time doing what I love to do .

幫助別人，不但我能感到快樂，而且我開始花時(shí)間做我喜歡做的事了

注意A  not only …but also不但…而且，可以連接相同的句子成分或并列分句，連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，句子的謂語

動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與but also 后主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致（就近原則）

 eg Not only you but also I am busy .

注意B not only ….but (also)連接兩個(gè)簡單句時(shí)，not only 可以放在句首，這時(shí)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，所在句子要用部分倒

裝，而but also 后的句子用正常語序

eg Not only did he say so ,but(also) he did so 他不僅那樣說，也那樣做了。

5  I take after my mother

＊take after 在外貌與性格等方面與父母相像（有血緣關(guān)系）

＊similar to 相似的，類似的，表示大致相同

＊look like 既可指外貌，也可指物體的形狀

eg He takes after (looks like)his father

   It looks like a cat           I am similar to her

   My bike is similar to yours

拓展 take down取下    take place發(fā)生     take care 小心  take back 收回   take off  脫掉

四、單元短語總結(jié)：

clean up把…打掃干凈 把..收拾整齊     cheer up 使振奮，使高興起來    put off 推遲，推

set up 建立，創(chuàng)立，開辦    come up with 想出，提出    give out 分發(fā)，發(fā)放    put up 粘貼，舉起。

Take after 與……相像      give away 贈(zèng)送 分發(fā)     work out計(jì)算出 發(fā)展

賓語是代詞，要放在動(dòng)詞短語中間的動(dòng)詞短語

賓語直接放于動(dòng)詞短語后的動(dòng)詞短語

look after 照顧     look for尋找     get on 上車       take after長得像                 

ask for請(qǐng)求，詢問     hear of聽說    laugh at嘲笑     wait for等待

pay for付錢    think of想起   agree with同意