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高一英語(yǔ)各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及重難點(diǎn)解析Unit15-16
☆重點(diǎn)句型☆ 1. There is no doubt that ... 2. It is dangerous or bad for your health. 3. I would rather not tell you. 4. Pierre and I did have a good time at the ball. 5. It was worth five hundred francs at most. 6. The money would be better spent building more roads or railways in other parts of China. 7. Fasten a key to the end of the long string. ☆重點(diǎn)詞匯☆ 1. recognize / recognise v. 認(rèn)出；識(shí)別 2. surely adv. 確實(shí) 3. franc n. 法郎 4. lovely adj. 好看的；可愛(ài)的 5. debt n. 債務(wù)；欠款 6. besides prep. 除……之外；adv．此外 7. outline n. 輪廓；要點(diǎn) 8. alien adj. 外國(guó)的；n. 外星人 9. earn v. 賺得；掙得 10. prove v. 證明 11. quality n. 質(zhì)量；品質(zhì) 12. tear v. 撕扯 13. advantage n. 優(yōu)點(diǎn)；優(yōu)勢(shì) 14. disadvantage n. 不利；弊端 15. charge v. 使充電；控告；攻擊 16. successful adj. 成功的；勝利的 17. experiment n. 實(shí)驗(yàn)；試驗(yàn) 18. continue v. 繼續(xù) 19. attend v. 出席 20. shock v. 打擊；震動(dòng) 21. doubt n. 懷疑 22. comfort n. 舒適；安慰 23. positive adj. 肯定的；積極的 24. economy n. 經(jīng)濟(jì) 25. unnecessary adj. 不必要的 26. sharp adj. 銳利的；鋒利的 27. foot n. 英尺，足feet(復(fù)數(shù)) 28. electrical adj. 電的 29. precious adj. 貴重的；寶貴的 30. cruel adj. 殘酷的
☆重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)☆ 1. bring back 拿回來(lái)；使恢復(fù) 2. come up with 想出或提出(答案、辦法) 3. pay off 還清；付清 4. test on 在……(身上)做實(shí)驗(yàn) 5. take up 從事于；占據(jù)(時(shí)間或空間) 6. protect...from... 保護(hù)；免受 7. make use of 利用 8. pay for sth 付……錢；受到懲罰 9. break the laws 犯法 10. make a list of 列出 11. in my opinion 依我之見(jiàn) 12. pick out 辨別出；挑出 13. stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 14. a great deal of 大量的；很多的 15. protect...from... 保護(hù)……免受…… 16. play a role 扮演角色 17. pull...from 從……拉／拖 18. fall asleep 入睡 19. get killed 喪命；被殺 20. a waste of 浪費(fèi)…… ☆交際用語(yǔ)☆ 1. It can't be tree. 2. I would rather not tell you. 3. Does that matter? 4. It is good for the economy. 5. It can help many people in the future. 6. It is clean and does not pollute the air. 7. It is important for science. 8. It brings people comfort. 9. It is too expensive. 10. It is dangerous or had for your health. ☆單詞聚焦☆ 4. attend vt. 出席，參加；照顧；注意 attendance n. 出席 attendant n. 服務(wù)員 They attended our affairs during our absence. 他們?cè)谖覀儾辉跁r(shí)管理我們的事務(wù)。 So many people attended the meeting. 很多人出席了這次會(huì)議。 The old lady has a good nurse attending her. 這位老太太有一位好護(hù)士照顧她。 He attended my every word in class. 上課時(shí)他傾聽(tīng)我的每一句話。 【考點(diǎn)6】attract的用法 ▲構(gòu)詞： ①attraction n. 吸引，吸引力，吸引人的事物 ②attractive adj. 吸引人的，有魅力的 ③attractively adv. 動(dòng)人地，迷人地 ▲ 搭配：attract sb's attention 引起…注意 【考例6】[2004全國(guó)IV] Finally, I was ____ by his lively sense of humor. A. disturbed B. moved C. attracted D. defeated [考查目標(biāo)]本題考查attract的詞義。 [答案與解析]C 句意是“我被他的幽默感所吸引”。 3. besides prep. 除……之外(還有) adv．此外 besides 具有附加性質(zhì)，用于否定句中可以與except, but換用。 Besides English, he knows three other languages. 除了英語(yǔ)之外，他還懂三種語(yǔ)言。 Nobody knows it besides / except / but me. 除了我以外，準(zhǔn)也不知道那件事。 5. chargev. 充電；索價(jià)；攻擊；控訴 Does your car battery charge easily? 你的車電池充電容易嗎? How much do you charge for your old car? 你的舊車要價(jià)多少? Suddenly the tiger charged at me. 突然老虎向我沖過(guò)來(lái)。 John was charged with murder. 約翰被控犯謀殺罪。 相關(guān)詞組：free of charge 免費(fèi)的 in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)；掌管 in / under the charge of 由……管理 【考點(diǎn)4】charge的用法 ▲ 搭配： ①charge sb. some money for 為……向某人索取／收取 多少錢 ②charge oneself with 承擔(dān)(工作)，接受(任務(wù)) ③at one's own charge(s) / expenses 自費(fèi)，用自己的錢 ④put…down to sb's charge 把……記在某人賬上 ⑤in charge 主管，負(fù)責(zé)；在拘留中 ⑥in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)，經(jīng)管，照顧 ⑦in / under the charge of sb 由某人負(fù)責(zé)，由某人照 料／管理 ⑧take charge (of) 負(fù)責(zé)，照料，保管等；掌管，接辦 12. conductn. 行為，操行 the rules of conduct 行為準(zhǔn)則 foolish conduct 愚蠢的行為 He was scolded because of his bad conduct. v. 引導(dǎo)，管理，指揮，售票 Copper conducts electricity better than other materials do. 銅比其它材料要容易導(dǎo)電。 She's conducted on buses for 10 years. 她在公共汽車上當(dāng)了10年售票員。 【考點(diǎn)3】conduct的用法 ▲ 構(gòu)詞： ①conduction n. 傳導(dǎo)，導(dǎo)電；輸送，傳播，引流 ②conductor n. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，經(jīng)理，樂(lè)隊(duì)指揮，(電車或公共 汽車) 售票員，列車員 ▲ 搭配：conduct oneself well行為端證 ▲ 辨析：conduct；guide；lead 三者作為動(dòng)詞比較一般的含義是“領(lǐng)”、“導(dǎo)”或“引”。 conduct具體名詞conductor (①向?qū)Б诠财嚨鹊?/P> “售票員”)；表示“指導(dǎo)”、“引導(dǎo)”時(shí)含有明顯的主從關(guān) 系，即被引導(dǎo)者不服從是不可以的。例如： The policeman eventually had his hands tied up and conducted him to a shelter. 警察最后把他的雙手綁了 起來(lái)并把他帶到一個(gè)防空洞。 guide (抽象名詞guidance，具體名詞guide “向?qū)А? 是通 用詞，可以用于“為別人帶路”、“指導(dǎo)別人的學(xué)習(xí)、品行 修養(yǎng)”，它的內(nèi)涵是避免走彎路或遇到危險(xiǎn)。例如： Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world. 數(shù) 干只燈籠慢慢向大海漂去，給死人返回陰間指明道路。 He is now studying under the guidance of Professor Green. 他現(xiàn)在正在格林教授的指導(dǎo)下學(xué)習(xí)。 lead (抽象名詞leadership “領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”，具體名詞leader “領(lǐng) 袖”、“領(lǐng)隊(duì)”)可以表示“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”、“帶路”，但它總含有領(lǐng) 導(dǎo)者走在前面．而把被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者控制在自己的權(quán)威之下， 或被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者處于秩序井然的狀態(tài)中的意思。例如： Our guide led us through a series of caves. 我們的向?qū)?/P> 帶領(lǐng)著我們穿過(guò)一個(gè)接一個(gè)的洞穴。 【考例3】[NMET 2003·完形] ...when I'd have predic- ted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was in- stead 7 to 9 -- and Ed was ____. A. leading B. coming C. waiting D. counting [考查目標(biāo)]本題考查conduct 以及近義詞的用法。 [答案與解析]A leading在本句中有形容詞性，意思 是“領(lǐng)先的”。 【考點(diǎn)2】continue的用法 ▲構(gòu)詞： ①continuous adj. 連續(xù)的．持續(xù)的 ②continuously adv. 不斷地，連續(xù)地 ▲ 搭配： ①continue doing sth / to do sth 繼續(xù)做某事 ②continue (with) sth 繼續(xù)做某事 ▲ 辨析：continue，last 都含“繼續(xù)”、“延續(xù)”的意思。 continue 指“持續(xù)而無(wú)終止”，通常強(qiáng)調(diào)“不間斷”。例 如：continue one's work 繼續(xù)工作 last 指“持久”、“延續(xù)”。例如： The rain will not last long. 這雨不會(huì)持續(xù)很久。 【考例2】[2003北京春招] They ____ to see each other around school, had lunch together once or two, and then both ended up from the same high school. A. continued B. agreed C. forced D. offered [考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查continue 的詞義。 [答案與解析]A continue 的賓語(yǔ)多種多樣，它的意思 是“繼續(xù)”。 【考點(diǎn)7】control的用法 ▲ 構(gòu)詞： ①controlled adj. 受約束的．克制的 ②controller n. 管理員，控制器 ▲ 搭配： ①in control (of) 控制 ②under control 受控制 ③out of control 失控，不能操縱 ④have / keep control (of / over) 可以控制 ⑤lose control (of) 失去(對(duì)……的)控制 ⑥take controls (of) 管轄，管理，控制 【考例7】[2004重慶] Everyone was too afraid to go in because the fire was ____, so I went in. A. out of control B. under control C. in control D. over control [考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查control搭配的用法和意思。 [答案與解析]A out of control的意思是“失去控制”。 16. doubt n. 懷疑vt. 懷疑 [拓展] doubtful adj. 令人生疑的 I don' t doubt that he'll come. There is no doubt that you'll succeed. [搭配] without (a) doubt 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地，確實(shí)地 in doubt 感到懷疑no doubt 無(wú)疑；很可能 【考點(diǎn)5】doubt 的用法 ▲構(gòu)詞： ①doubtful adj. 懷疑的，疑心的；不能確定的，可疑的 ②doubtfully adv. 懷疑地，含糊地 ③doubtless adj. 無(wú)疑的，確定的 adv. 無(wú)疑地．確定地 ▲ 搭配： ①beyond / past (all) doubt (常作插入語(yǔ))毫無(wú)疑問(wèn) ②cast / throw doubt on... 對(duì)…產(chǎn)生懷疑，使人對(duì)…產(chǎn) 生懷疑 ③hang in doubt 懸而未決。還不能確定 ④in doubt 感到懷疑，拿不準(zhǔn)；被懷疑，懸而未決 ⑤no doubt 無(wú)疑地，很可能 ⑥without (a) doubt 無(wú)疑地 ⑦be / feel doubtful of / about... / that-clause懷疑 ▲友情提示：doubt常表示“懷疑”，其后接名詞從句時(shí)， 主句為疑問(wèn)句和否定句時(shí)，從旬常用連詞that, but that。主句為旨定句從句一般用連接詞whether, if what, when 等。如主句為肯定句而從句用連詞that， 則往往表示“非常懷疑、不相信”。 【考例5】(2005廣東)Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ____ a cure for AIDS will be found. A. which B. that C. what D. whether [考查目標(biāo)] doubt 的用法。 [答案與解析]B no doubt后為同位語(yǔ)從句，that作為 引導(dǎo)詞，不充當(dāng)句子成分。 2. earn vt. 賺得；掙得；贏得 I had not earned one penny with it up to the moment. 到目前為止我還沒(méi)有賺到一分錢。 His victories in the wars earned him the title of "The Great". 他百戰(zhàn)百勝贏得了“常勝將軍”的稱號(hào)。 [拓展]earn one's living 謀生 earnings 賺得的錢 She earned a living by singing in a night club. 她靠在夜總會(huì)唱歌謀生。 14. prove vt. 證明，證實(shí) How did you prove that he was the thief? The finger prints on the knife can prove him the murdurer. [注意] prove 還常用作系動(dòng)詞，意為“證明是，結(jié)果 是”。 The drug proved (to be) highly effective. What he said proved (to be) true. 1. reeognise vt. 識(shí)別，認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可 reeognisable adj. 可認(rèn)出的；可識(shí)別的 recognition n. 認(rèn)識(shí)，認(rèn)出；承認(rèn) I recognized her by her red hat. 我根據(jù)她的紅色帽子認(rèn)出了她。 He recognized his lack of qulifacation for the post. 他承認(rèn)了自已不夠條件承擔(dān)那個(gè)職務(wù)。 I recognise him to be cleverer than I am. = I recxgnise that he is cleverer than I am. 我承認(rèn)他比我更聰明。 【考點(diǎn)1】recognize的用法 ▲ 構(gòu)詞：recognition n. 贊譽(yù)，承認(rèn)，重視，公認(rèn)，賞識(shí)， 識(shí)別 ▲ 搭配： ①recognize sb as / to be... 承認(rèn)／公認(rèn)某人…… ②beyond / out of recognition 完全改了模樣，面目全非 ③escape recognition 使人認(rèn)不出 【考例1】[2002北京] One of the processes of growing uD is being able to ____ and overcome our fears． A. realize B. remember C. recognize D. recover [考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查recognize的意思。 [答案與解析]C 在本句中recognize的意思是“認(rèn) 清”。 13. shock n. 打擊，震驚，震動(dòng)vt. 使震驚，使驚愕 [拓展] shocking adj. 令人震驚的 She was white with shock. The news of her husband's death was a terrible shock to her. It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children. 見(jiàn)到鄰居們這樣對(duì)待孩子，我吃了一驚。 [注意] be / get shocked Mr Smith got shocked when he touched the wire. 史密斯先生觸到電線時(shí)遭到電擊。 15. tear (tore，torn)vt. & vi. 撕碎 He tore the letter into pieces. She was so angry that she tore the picture in half. This cloth tears easily. [搭配] tear sth. down 拆除；拆毀tear sth. up 撕碎 【考點(diǎn)8】worth的用法 ▲構(gòu)詞： ①worthless adj. 無(wú)價(jià)值的，無(wú)益的 ②worthwhile adj. 值得做的．值得出力的 ③worthy adj. 應(yīng)得某事物；值得做某事；有價(jià)值的，可 敬的，相稱的 ▲ 搭配： ①be worth notice / the trouble (抽象名詞)值得注意／ 費(fèi)點(diǎn)事 ②be (well) worth doing某事(很)值得一做 ▲ 友情提示：此時(shí)worth后的動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式具有被 動(dòng)的含義。 ③It's (well) worth doing sth 做某事是(很)值得的 ④worth it 值得花費(fèi)時(shí)間／精力，值得一千，有必要 【考例8】[2005北京西城模擬] -- How much is the T-shirt ____? -- 65 dollars. A. worth B. cost C. worthy D. paid [考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查worth 的基本用法。 [答案與解析]A 加worth 的后面可以接表示價(jià)格的 名詞，就可以用how much來(lái)提問(wèn)。 [牛刀小試1] 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： (recognize, continue, conduct, charge, control, at— tract, worth, doubt) 1. I meant to buy the clock, but the seller ____ too much. 2. You have cut your hair so short that I can hardly ____ you. 3. ____ by the beauty of nature, they stayed in Hangzhou for another three days. 4. They are too weak. I ____ whether they can bear the bad climate. 5. The plane out of ___, crashed in the valley at last. 6. I will ask Mr. Brown to ____ our company in- stead of my uncle. 7. Nobody knows how much the portrait is 8. We two left but the meeting still ☆詞語(yǔ)比較☆ 1. because, since, as, for, now that 它們都可以被用來(lái)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，其中 (1) because 語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，一般指事情發(fā)生的直接原因， 回答提問(wèn)，一般放在主句之后。 Because he was ill, he was late for school. 他生病了，所以遲到了。 We must stay at home because it rained. (2) since 較弱，指雙方都明確的原因或眾所周知的原 因，澤為“既然”，側(cè)重主句，從句表示顯然的或已知 的理由。 Since you don't like it, I'll put it away. 既然你不喜歡，我就把它放在一邊。 (3) as “由于，鑒于”，指客觀事實(shí)，常與since互換使 用。 As there was no answer, I wrote again. 鑒于沒(méi)回復(fù)，我又寫了一封信。 (4) for 是并列連詞，不說(shuō)明直接原因而是對(duì)某種情 況加以推斷，其引導(dǎo)的分句前常有逗號(hào)。 He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他…定是生病了，因?yàn)樗裉鞗](méi)來(lái)。 (5) now that 用來(lái)說(shuō)明一種新情況，然后加以推論。 Now that you are ready, we'll start at once. 既然你已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了，我們馬上開(kāi)始。 2. continue, go on 兩者都有“繼續(xù)”的意思。 (1) continue to do / doing sth. 表示“不停地做某事”， go on to do sth. 則表示“接著做另一件事情”，go on doing sth. 表示“繼續(xù)做同一件事情”，它可指中斷后 的繼續(xù)，也可指不中斷的繼續(xù)。 (2) continue后可直接跟名詞，而go on后須加介詞， 才能接名詞。 (3) continue可用作系動(dòng)詞，go on不可。 (4) continue后可接介詞短語(yǔ)，表示仍在某地或某個(gè) 職位，而go on不可。 The baby continued to cry / crying all night. 這個(gè)嬰兒哭了一夜。 It's time for class. Let's go on learning Lesson 5. 上課了，我們繼續(xù)上第五課。 He continues a good friend of mine. 他仍是我的一個(gè)好朋友。 [拓展] to be mntinued 待續(xù)(用于報(bào)刊上連載的文章等) 3. worth, worthy, worthwhile 這三個(gè)形容詞在使用時(shí)，容易混淆，worth只能作表 語(yǔ)，后面常跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式， worthy的意思是“值得的”“配得上的”“可敬的”，作 表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，構(gòu)成以下詞組：be worthy of being done / be worthy to be done。worthwhile作“值 得的，合算的”講，只能作表語(yǔ)。 這個(gè)問(wèn)題值得討論。 The problem is worth discusaing / discussion. The problem is worthy of being discussed / to be discussed. The problem is worthy of discussion. It is worthwhile to discuss / discussing the problem. 【短語(yǔ)歸類】 10. act...out把……表演出來(lái)；把……付諸行動(dòng) Everyone laughed when he acted out the episode. 當(dāng)他繪聲繪色描繪那件事時(shí)，大家哄堂大笑。 They actually acted out their ideal． 他們確實(shí)把自己的理想變成了行動(dòng)。 act against 違反 act as 擔(dān)任；充當(dāng) act on 奉行；對(duì)……起作用 act up 出毛??；搗亂 7. after all畢竟；終究 這個(gè)詞組有兩個(gè)含意：“要知道……”；“別忘了 ……”，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)別人的態(tài)度，用來(lái)說(shuō)服或提醒 對(duì)方，引出聽(tīng)話人似乎忘記了的某個(gè)重要的論點(diǎn)或 理由，在表這個(gè)意思時(shí)，一般把a(bǔ)fter all放在句首。 該詞組還表示“終究”，在表示這層意思時(shí)，after aIl 一般放于句末。 I think we should let her go on holiday alone. After all, she is fifteen and she isn't a child any more. 我想應(yīng)該讓她獨(dú)自去度假，(要知道)她畢竟已經(jīng)15 歲，不再是小孩了。 Mathilde thought it was a diamond necklace, but it wasn't a real one after all. 瑪?shù)贍柕略詾槟亲阋粭l鉆石項(xiàng)鏈，但那終歸不是 真的鉆石項(xiàng)鏈。 11. at (the) most最多；至多 I can pay only fifteen pounds at the most. 我最多只能付15英鎊。 This is worth 3000 yuan at the most. 這個(gè)最多值3000元。 [拓展] at (the) least 至少；最少 8. bring back拿回來(lái)；使恢復(fù) If you are going shopping, please bring back a tube of toothpaste? 要是你上街，請(qǐng)買一支牙膏回來(lái)。 His words brought the whole event back. 他的話使人想起了整個(gè)事件。 bring out 生產(chǎn)；制造 bring up 養(yǎng)育；教育 bring about 引起；致使 bring down 使落下 6. call on / upon訪問(wèn)，看望，拜訪，要求，號(hào)召 Last night I called on Mr. Black and had a long talk. 昨晚我拜訪了布萊克先生，并同他作r長(zhǎng)時(shí)間談話。 The salesman called on our company twice a month. 這位推銷員每月來(lái)我們公司兩次。 Mr. Read called on us to learn from Peter. 雷德先生號(hào)召我們向彼得學(xué)習(xí)。 與call相關(guān)的詞組： call after 以……的名字而命名 call at 訪問(wèn)，拜訪 call for 要求；需求 call out 大聲喊叫 call up 提醒 9. pay off還清(債務(wù))；付清 It took us six years to pay off that judgment. 我們花了六年才還清債務(wù)。 I'll certainly pay you back for what you did to me. 你那樣對(duì)待我，我一定要回敬你的。 【考點(diǎn)3】pick構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ) ①pick out 挑出，辨認(rèn)出 ②pick up 拾起，撿起，(用車)接，恢復(fù)(健康)，中途搭載 ③pick off 摘下來(lái) ④pick at 少量地吃，老是挑剔(某人) ⑤pick & choose 挑三揀四 [例句] My sister is going with me to help me pick out a new suit. 我姐姐要陪我去挑一件新衣服。 They showed their displeasure by continually picking at her. 他們不斷挑剔她，表明了他們不滿。 Henry's been ill, but he's picking up again now. 亨瑞病 了，但是很快又恢復(fù)了健康。 【考例3】(NMET 1997) She ____ his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right． A. looked up B. looked for C. picked out D. picked up [考查目標(biāo)] 此題主要考查四個(gè)短語(yǔ)的用法。 [答案與解析]A look up向上看，查找，查尋；look for 尋找；pick out 挑出來(lái)；pick up 拾起。本句話的意思為 “她在電話簿中找電話號(hào)碼以便確信她是對(duì)的”。 17. pick out挑出；辨別出；使顯眼 I can pick out my sister in the crowd. 我能在人群中認(rèn)出我妹妹。 The houses in the painting were picked out in white. 畫中的房子在白色襯托下愈發(fā)突出。 [注意]與pick搭配的詞組有：pick up 拿起，拾起，恢 復(fù)；pick over 檢查 【考點(diǎn)1】含“介詞at + (冠詞) + 名詞短語(yǔ)” ①at the head of 在……最前頭 ②at midnight 在半夜 ③at present 現(xiàn)在，目前 ④at once 立刻，馬上 ⑤at breakfast 早餐時(shí) ⑥at first 起先，首先 ⑦at school 在學(xué)校，在上學(xué) ⑧at home 在家 ⑨at night 在晚上 ⑩at the moment 此刻 ⑩at the end of 在……結(jié)尾．到……盡頭 ⑩at the same time 同時(shí) ⑩at times 有時(shí)，偶爾 ⑩at all 一點(diǎn)也不 ⑩at last 最后，起碼 ⑩at sea 在海上，茫然．奠名其妙 ⑥at the age of 在……歲數(shù)時(shí) ⑩at the beginning of... 起初，開(kāi)始 ⑩at (the) most 至多 ④at a time 每次 ①at one time 過(guò)去有段時(shí)間，曾經(jīng) ◎at work 在工作 ④at a loss 茫然 ⑨at hospital 住院 ④at (the) least 至少 [例句] A policeman drove at the head of the procession. 一名警察在游行的隊(duì)伍前開(kāi)著車。 At first he was a little shy in class, but now he acts more naturally. 起初在班里他有點(diǎn)害羞．但是現(xiàn)在自然 多了。 If you find anything not to your liking you will tell me at once? 如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)你不喜歡的東西，馬上告訴我好嗎? At one time 1 used to play a lot of sport, but I seem to have lost interest now. 我曾經(jīng)喜愛(ài)運(yùn)動(dòng)，但是現(xiàn)在好像 失去了興趣。 I feel a little nervous at times. 有時(shí)我的確感到有些緊 張。 The meal came to an end at last, and Mr. Li rose. 這頓 飯終于吃完了，李先生站了起來(lái)。 I don't understand politics: I'm at sea when people talk about the government. 我不懂政治，當(dāng)人們談?wù)撜?/P> 時(shí)，我就茫然了。 【考例l】(NMET 1994) Don't all speak at once! ____ please． A. Each at one time B. One by one time C. One for each time D. One at a time [考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查time短語(yǔ)的用法。 [答案與解析]D at a time 每次；one at time 每次一 個(gè)；“一個(gè)接一個(gè)”應(yīng)該用one by one, 不可以在后面加 lime；at one time過(guò)去有段時(shí)間，曾經(jīng)。本句話意思是 “不要都同時(shí)講話，一個(gè)一個(gè)的說(shuō)!” 【考點(diǎn)2】與“數(shù)量”有關(guān)的短語(yǔ) ①a few 一些，幾個(gè) ②a series of 一連串的。一系列 ③a bit (of) 少量的，一點(diǎn)，也不 ④a pairr of 一對(duì)，一雙 ⑤a bottle of 一瓶 ⑥a glass of 一杯 ⑦a piece of 一件 ⑧a kind of 一種 ⑨a little 一點(diǎn) ⑩a lot of / lots of 許多 ⑥plenty of 許多，大量的 ⑥a number of 許多 ⑩the number of... …的數(shù)量 ⑩a great deal of 許多，大量 ⑩a basin of 一盆 ⑩a bowl of 一碗 ⑥a basket of 一籃 ⑩a bucket of 一桶 ⑩a handful of 一把 ⑩a mouthful of 一口 [例句] A series of rainy days spoiled our vacation. 一連 串的陰雨天破壞了我們的假期。 There lay a pair of glasses on the desk. 在課桌上放著一 副眼鏡。 There was plenty of work for girls of her age. 對(duì)于她這 個(gè)年齡的女孩來(lái)說(shuō)，有很多工作。 A great number of civilians were murdered in the war. 大量的平民在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中被殺害。 She thought that her friend must have been through a great deal of trouble. 她想她的朋友肯定經(jīng)歷了許多麻 煩事。 【考例2】(NMET 1996) The number of people invited ____ fifty，but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons． A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were [考查目標(biāo)] 此題主要考查主謂一致。 [答案與解析]C “the number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ) 時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；“a number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作 主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 [牛刀小試2] 根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)句子的意思完成英語(yǔ)句子，每空只填一 個(gè)詞。 1. 她費(fèi)盡力氣想看懂那些說(shuō)明文字，卻全然不知所云。 She tries to understand the instructions，but she was ____ ____ ____. 2. 不要什么事情都一塊兒干，要一次做一點(diǎn)兒。 Don't try to do everything ____; take it a bit ____. 3. 這家出版社出版了一套新的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)讀物。 The publishing house has published ____ ____ ____ ____English learning materials. 4. 這褲子花了30美元，比預(yù)料的要貴得多。 These trousers ____ $30 ____ ____, which was much more expensive than ____. 5. 病人在醫(yī)院住了好長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，人們建議他去海邊 恢復(fù)健康。 ． After staying in hospital for long, the patient was ____ to go to the seaside to ____ ____ his health． ☆句型詮釋☆ 1. 英語(yǔ)句型中的否定前移 在英語(yǔ)中，如果主句的動(dòng)詞是think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine 之類的動(dòng)詞，而且主語(yǔ)又是 第一人稱，賓語(yǔ)從句要表達(dá)否定，其否定形式應(yīng)遷移 到主句。但是，如果構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，要把否定形 式再遷移到從句中去，以從句為準(zhǔn)。 I don't think you're right. 我認(rèn)為你不對(duì)。 I don't suppose I shall be back until 9 o'clock. 我想幾點(diǎn)以前我回不來(lái)。 I don't think your answer is right, is it? 我認(rèn)為你的回答不對(duì)，是不是? 2. 助動(dòng)詞do 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法 在肯定句中，助動(dòng)詞do可用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，帶有 感情色彩，可譯成“真的，的確”。 You do look nice today. 你今天看起來(lái)真漂亮。 We did need help those days. 在那些日子里我們的確需要幫助。 3. be (was / were) to do 此結(jié)構(gòu)表示安排、命令、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、目的、用途、可能 性、命中注定等。 You are to be baek bv 11 o'clock. 你得在11點(diǎn)鐘前回來(lái)。(命令) I am to inform you that the meeting will be held in Hangzhou. 我謹(jǐn)通知你會(huì)議在杭州舉行。(職責(zé)) A knife is to cut with. 刀是用來(lái)切割的。(用途) They were never to meet again. 他們注定以后永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)見(jiàn)面。(命中注定) If there is to be peace, we must try in every way to prevent war. 要和平，就得想一切辦法制止戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。(可能性) 4. 祈使句+ and + 陳述句結(jié)構(gòu) 在這種句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，祈使句表示條件，陳述句表示結(jié) 果，它相當(dāng)于If you..., you will...，另外，祈使句+ or + 陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)表示：If (not)..., you will，有時(shí)候， 祈使句中的動(dòng)詞可省略。 Work harder, and you'll find it not difficult to learn. 再用功一點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它不難寫。 Hurry up, or you will be late. 快一點(diǎn)，否則你會(huì)遲到。 More effort, and you can finish it in time. 再加把勁，你會(huì)按時(shí)完成它。 【句型歸納】 【考點(diǎn)1】Pierre and I did have a very good time at the ball. 皮埃爾與我確實(shí)在舞會(huì)上玩得很開(kāi)心。 該句中的did為助動(dòng)詞，加強(qiáng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞have的語(yǔ)氣。 在“助動(dòng)詞do / does / did + 動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)中，助動(dòng)詞 do / does / did意思是“確實(shí)，的確，一定”。常常用在 肯定句或祈使句中，起加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用。有人稱和時(shí) 態(tài)的變化。例如： Do send me e-mail immediately you arrive at Beijing. 你 一到北京，一定要給我發(fā)電子郵件。 He does smoke two packs of cigarettes every day. 他確 實(shí)每天抽兩包煙。 The company earned much more this month than it did last month. 公司本月賺的錢要比上個(gè)月多得多。 【考例1】(NMET 2000) An awful accident____, however, occur the other day. A. does B. did C. was to D. had to [考查目標(biāo)] 對(duì)句子中謂語(yǔ)的強(qiáng)調(diào)。 [答案與解析] B 助動(dòng)詞do (does用于第三人稱) 用于 對(duì)現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的強(qiáng)調(diào)；did用于對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的強(qiáng)調(diào)，后面 均接動(dòng)詞原形。 【考點(diǎn)2】In the eighteenth century, Benjamin Franklin conducted a number of experiments in which he showed what electricity is. 18世紀(jì)。本杰明·富蘭克林做了一系 列的試驗(yàn)，以證明電是什么。 注意：該句子中的a number of 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) 形式。例如： A number of children play video games online. 很多的 孩子在網(wǎng)上玩電子游戲。 a number of意思是“許多，數(shù)目”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用復(fù)數(shù)形式。the number of意思是“數(shù)量”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： A number of people prefer to sending e-mail each other t0 writing letters. 許多人更愿意發(fā)電子郵件，而不愿意 寫信。 The number of milu deer is increasing year by year. 麋 鹿的數(shù)目在逐年增加。 【考例2】(NMET 1996) The number of people invited ____ fifty，but a number of them ____ absent fnr different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were [考查目標(biāo)] 主謂一致。 [答案與解析] C 根據(jù)以上的解釋，應(yīng)該選was；were。 【考點(diǎn)3】Having realized that I could use a kite to attract Iightning, I decided to do an experiment. 意識(shí)到可以用 風(fēng)箏引來(lái)閃電之后，我便決定做個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。 該句中的having realized是v-ing形式的完成式在句中 作狀語(yǔ)。 v-ing形式在句中的主要作用是作狀語(yǔ)，having done表 示非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作先于渭語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，而且要注 意非謂語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)之間存在著主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用hav— ing done；非謂語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)之間存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)， 用having been done；其否定形式是在v-ing前加not。 例如： Having finished his homework, the boy decided to play football for a while. 做完了作業(yè)．他決定去踢一會(huì)兒 球。 Not having cleaned the classroom, they couldn't go home. 還沒(méi)有打掃完教室，他們還不能回家。 Having been praised in class, the girl felt very happy. 那個(gè)姑娘在班上得到表?yè)P(yáng)，感到很高興。 【考例3】(2001上海春招) ____ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered [考查目標(biāo)]非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ing。 [答案與解析]C v-ing形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是Professor White，Professor White和suffer之間存在著主動(dòng)關(guān) 系，而且根據(jù)，for years，表示suffer 的動(dòng)作持續(xù)換了 多少年，所以用v-ing完成式表示原因。 [牛刀小試3] 1. He ____ to the railway station, only to find the train had been away for 5 hours. A. did go B. had gone C. had to go D. has gone 2. ____ careful while crossing the street. A. Your being B. To be C. Do be D. Being 3. ____ of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables. A. The number 15. A number C. A lot of D. Many 4. ____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom sudden- ly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (2004) A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 【交際速成】 【考點(diǎn)1】Asking for permission 征求許可 (2004 廣東) Do you mind if I open the window? … I feel a bit cold． A. of course not. B. I'd rather you didn't. C. Go ahead. D. Why not? [答案與解析]B 本題考查對(duì)征求許可的應(yīng)答用語(yǔ)。 根據(jù)所提供的情景“I feel a bit cold”，說(shuō)明對(duì)方不愿意 把窗戶打開(kāi)，所以B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 【歸納】英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)表達(dá)征求許可的用語(yǔ)有： ①Could We / I...? ②May / Can I...? ③Shalll / we...? ④Is it possible...? ⑤Do / Would you mind...? ⑥Is it all right if l sit here? ⑦I wonder if I could smoke here. 應(yīng)答用語(yǔ)有： ①Yes, please． ②Sure / Certainly． ③That's all right. ④Of course, you can / may. ⑤Please do. ⑥Go ahead, please. ⑦I'm sorry, it's not allowed. ⑧I'm afraid not. ⑨You'd better not. 【考點(diǎn)2】Giving instructions 發(fā)出指令 (2004湖北) ____ follow the instructions given at the top of the page. A. You're sure B. Be sure to C. Sure to D. Sure about [答案與解析]B 本題考查表達(dá)指令的功能意念。此 句Be sure to do意為“務(wù)必做……”，所以B項(xiàng)正確。 【歸納】英語(yǔ)中發(fā)出指令時(shí)常用祈使句式，例如： A. ①Build the frame of the kite by making... ②Tie the corners of the handkerehief to the points of the cross... ③Add a tail to the frame and tie a Iong string to the cross... ④First, fix a sharp piece of metal...Second, fasten a key to the end of the long string...Third, tie a silk ribbon to the string... ⑤Fly the kite when... B. Don't touch anything unless your teacher tells you to. 【考點(diǎn)3】Discussing and evaluating pros and cons 討論和 評(píng)估贊成與反對(duì) -- It's more expensive to live in the city than to live in the country, I think. -- ____. Living in the city brings people more con— venience, though. A. You're wrong B. I'm sorry to hear that C. I couldn't agree more D. That's all right [答案與解析]C 本題考查討論和評(píng)估贊成與反對(duì)的 功能項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)所提供的情景“l(fā)iving in the city brings people more convenience, though.”，時(shí)話一方 首先贊成另一方的觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)表述了自己的看法。所 以C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 【歸納】討論和評(píng)估贊成與反對(duì)時(shí)，英語(yǔ)中使用下列說(shuō) 法，例如： 闡述優(yōu)點(diǎn)(advantages) 時(shí)： ①It's good for the economy. ②It can help many people in the future. ③It is cleaning and does not pollute the air. ④It is important for science. ⑤It brings people more comfort. 指出缺點(diǎn)(disadvantages)時(shí)： ①It is too expensive. ②It is dangerous or bad for your health. ③It is bad for the environment. ④It is unnecessary. ⑤Some people wm use it for other things. [牛刀小試4] B. OK ! C. Is that really necessary? D. That's it. 4. -- Don't make any noise. My child is sleeping. -- ____. A. No, I don't B. Oh, I'm sorry C. Yes, I know D. I didn't do that thing ☆精典題例☆ ( )1. Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn't always ____ much to do． (2004 廣東) A. such B. that C. more D. very 【解析】選B本題考查that作副詞的用法，在這里that 是副詞，等于so，有“那么”之意，much后面省略了work。 ( )2. "We can't go out in this weather," said Bob, ____ out of the window. (2004全國(guó)卷) A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 【解析】選A此題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法，從句子 意思及結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 ( )3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ____ everything. A. tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told 【解析】選D本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式的用法，不定式 有一般式、進(jìn)行式和完成式，還有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)形式。一般 式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，進(jìn)行式表示動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞之前。 ( )4. Yes. ____ more words and expressions and you wm find it easier tO read and communicate. (2004上海) A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known 【解析】選A本題考查祈使句+and+陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)。 ( )5. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may ____ run over by a car. (2002 北京) A. have B. get C. become D. turn 【解析】選B本題考查get + 過(guò)去分詞的用法，get + 過(guò)去分詞經(jīng)常用在口語(yǔ)中表被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生 或未曾料到的事態(tài)的結(jié)果。 ( )6. Mr Smith, ____ of the ____ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 【解析】選A tired of表示“對(duì)……感到厭煩”，作原 因狀語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。boring是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)修 飾speech，和speech是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，等于the speech which was boring。 ( )7. -- Do you mind if I open the window? -- ____. I feel abit cold. (2004廣東) A. Of course not B. I'd rather you didn't C. Go ahead D. Why not 【解析】選B在回答Do you mind...時(shí)，如果表示反 對(duì)，應(yīng)用委婉說(shuō)法。 ( )8. I'd like to buy a house - modern, comfortable, and ____ in a quiet neighborhood. A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all 【解析】選B above all意為“最重要的是”，其它短語(yǔ) 意思不符合。 ( )9. ____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (2004 北京) A. To Wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 【解析】選C 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示此動(dòng)作在主句 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。 ( )10. I do every single bit of housework ____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. (2004 全國(guó)卷) A. since B. while C. when D. as 【解析】選B while“然而，卻”，表示對(duì)比關(guān)系。 |
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