參加編寫的人員 主編 何春祥 副主編 譚海燕 楊志群 編者 何春祥 譚海燕 楊志群 彭亞蘭 彭海軍 周秋生 柳麗萍 楊海燕 孫瓊 張春艷 郭勛玲 唐鐵旺 彭麗榮 湯冬梅 前 言 眾里尋她千百度,驀然回首——《高考先鋒》已在手。為了追求《高考先鋒》叢書的更加完美,把她鑄就成湖南乃至全國(guó)金牌教輔書,我們特組織了一批省內(nèi)外英語(yǔ)教學(xué)第一線的特、高級(jí)教師,多年指導(dǎo)高三復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué),年富力強(qiáng)的教壇精英,經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富,精力充沛的教學(xué)能手聯(lián)合打造,隆重推出《2008年高考先鋒第二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)——英語(yǔ)》一書。 本書的主要欄目有〔高考命題分析〕,該部分主要以專題為單位,精析試題,總結(jié)命題范圍,解剖命題手法,探究命題思路。以幫助學(xué)生準(zhǔn)確地把握高考命題的原則、范圍、難度、命題手法,有效預(yù)測(cè)高考走向。〔專題應(yīng)試策略〕該部分根據(jù)高考命題原則,結(jié)合專題特點(diǎn),詳細(xì)介紹了行之有效的解題方法,幫助學(xué)生博采眾長(zhǎng),尋覓成功之路?!哺呖济}展望〕該部分用簡(jiǎn)潔的文字,點(diǎn)拔高考命題特點(diǎn),預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)高考趨勢(shì)。〔高考真題精選〕該部分按考點(diǎn)分布或?qū)n}精選了近三年具有代表性的高考題,力求點(diǎn)拔高考命題意圖,通過(guò)分析比較,總結(jié)異同,讓考生化為心得?!部记澳M預(yù)測(cè)〕該部分精選了前瞻性較強(qiáng)的模擬預(yù)測(cè)題,讓考生拓展思維能力,做好實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練?!?5分鐘限時(shí)提升測(cè)試〕該部分精心編寫了十五套試題。該系列試題與每一考點(diǎn)或?qū)n}配套,以其“短、平、快”的特點(diǎn),讓板塊互補(bǔ),及時(shí)鞏固專題,扎實(shí)訓(xùn)練速度,高效提升能力。 眾所周知,高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)的主要目標(biāo)有三:1)幫助學(xué)生建立知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò),建構(gòu)知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu),查漏補(bǔ)缺,完善知識(shí)體系。2)幫助學(xué)生準(zhǔn)確地把握高考的范圍、難度、命題手法以及速度要求等。3)幫助學(xué)生在這一時(shí)段大輻度地提升應(yīng)試能力。然后在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中,我們往往事倍功半,那是因?yàn)?)在知識(shí)和能力兩個(gè)板塊中我們總是顧此失彼。2)材料選擇上與高考范圍、難易程序等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上偏差太大。3)很難有效地訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的速度。基于對(duì)教學(xué)的上述反思,我們?cè)诰帉懘藭鴷r(shí)采用了如下策略,以期突破上述瓶頸,達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。1)重組知識(shí)板塊專題,縮短知識(shí)板塊的復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間。2)選材權(quán)威可靠,準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了高考的范圍、難度和命題手法。3)對(duì)每一考點(diǎn)或?qū)n}配有45分“短、平、快”的限時(shí)提升測(cè)試題。它既能有效地使板塊互補(bǔ),又能扎實(shí)地訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的速度,從而高效提升學(xué)生的應(yīng)試能力。 本書形成了教師用書、學(xué)生用書和測(cè)試題的教學(xué)包。同時(shí),每個(gè)考點(diǎn)或單元力圖以課時(shí)確定題量,使用方便,具有較好的課堂操作 目錄 專題一………………………………………………1 專題二……………………………………………….142 專題三 ………………………………………………156 專題四…………………………………………………190 專題五…………………………………………………..210 專題六…………………………………………………220 專題一 單項(xiàng)填空 高考命題精析 2007年高考分含聽(tīng)力卷和非含聽(tīng)力卷。兩類試題的設(shè)計(jì)均遵循了“以能力立意的原則”,注重考查考生的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)在語(yǔ)境中的理解與運(yùn)用。單項(xiàng)填空的共同點(diǎn)是該題型主要對(duì)考生考查了在情景層次上對(duì)語(yǔ)法、詞匯和習(xí)語(yǔ)的掌握情況。縱觀所有試卷,不難看出近幾年高考單項(xiàng)填空題具有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn): 突出重點(diǎn) 2007年試卷單項(xiàng)填空題和往年-樣,今年考查的重點(diǎn)還是主要集中在以下幾點(diǎn): (一) 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞有關(guān)的內(nèi)容仍為考查重點(diǎn)。 (1) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞歷來(lái)是考試熱點(diǎn)、重點(diǎn)考查項(xiàng)目。幾乎每套試卷上都有-到二個(gè)甚至多個(gè)與之有關(guān)的題目,具體都與不定式、動(dòng)名詞與分詞各種用法有關(guān)。 例1:07-10陜西 . that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her. A. To have said B. Having said C. To say D. Saying 答案為B。句子的意思是: 雖然我說(shuō)過(guò)他干得不怎么樣, 但我認(rèn)為我自己也不比他能干。 本題考查英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式作狀語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與所在句子的主語(yǔ)-致。分詞的完成式做狀語(yǔ),表示分詞的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作有先后。 例2:07-14湖南 “Things _________ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself. A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost 答案為A。 lost做后置定語(yǔ), 表示 “失去的東西無(wú)法挽回”。分詞作定語(yǔ)其邏輯主語(yǔ)是被修飾詞。 例3: 07-9湖南 As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _________, and asked myself what I was going to do. A. moved B moving C. to move D. being moved 答案為B。 not moving 伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 (2) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是每年高考的重點(diǎn),2007年高考也不例外,幾乎每套試卷都在動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)上命了題(有時(shí)還牽涉到語(yǔ)氣)。 例1:07-5湖南 As the years passed, many occasions—birthdays, awards, graduations—________ with Dad’s flowers. A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked 答案為B. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)合. As the years passed以告訴你,后面的動(dòng)作也在此期間發(fā)生.所以時(shí)態(tài)選擇一般過(guò)去時(shí).本題的意思是: 在生日,畢業(yè)典禮等活動(dòng)上父親總是送禮物一表紀(jì)念. 例2:07-10湖南 . We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _________ so small that a day is unimportant. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 答案為A. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不難判斷, 然后考慮主謂一致, 后面的主語(yǔ)是the time 例3:07-11湖南 . Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ________ English for a year. A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 答案為D。 她學(xué)英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作一年前發(fā)生,現(xiàn)在仍然在學(xué),所以用has been studying (3) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 在近幾年試卷中,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法考查較多,2007年既考查了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法,也考查了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的非推測(cè)用法。 例1:07-3安徽 The teacher __ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn't have wasted time on him, I suppose. A. should B. can C. would D. must 答案為D。 根據(jù)下面 “否則她是不會(huì)在他身上浪費(fèi)這么多的時(shí)間的”可以知道前面的意思是:老師一定是認(rèn)為在Johnson身上花時(shí)間是值得的.must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的肯定猜測(cè) 例2:07-4四川 一What does the sign over there read? 一“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.” A.will B.may C.shall D. must 答案為C。 shall 用于第三人稱表示 “許可, 允許” 例3:07-7全國(guó)I卷 ---How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? ---It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A. will B. would C. should D. must 答案為C. should在此表“惋惜”的口吻。 (二)主從復(fù)合句 主從復(fù)合句的考查近幾年來(lái)幾乎年年有,而且-般不少于兩 題,今年也不例外。 例1:07-25江蘇 . Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for. A. what B. why C. how D. whether 答案為A。題意為“選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~典取決于你想將它坐什么用”,所選詞需坐介詞for的賓語(yǔ),表“什么”的意思,故選A。 例2:07-33江蘇 He was educated at the local high school, ______ he went on to Beijing University. A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that 答案為A。題意為“他在本地的高中接受教育,其后他繼續(xù)到北京大學(xué)上學(xué)”,根據(jù)句意和關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)的用法,不難選到正確答案A。 例3:07-8浙江 Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _______ they knew it to be valuable. A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that 答案為C. even though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句, 句子意思:即使認(rèn)為他的建議很有用,也不愿聽(tīng)他的. turned a deaf ear to意思是 “ 對(duì)…不理睬, 對(duì)…充耳不聞” 例4:07-8.遼寧 Help others whenever you can ______ you will make the world a nicer place to live in. A.a(chǎn)nd B.or C.unless D.but 答案為A. 祈使句結(jié)構(gòu).根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)該是: Do sth and …… (三) 交際用語(yǔ) 2007年高考單項(xiàng)填空“語(yǔ)境”考查比重進(jìn)-步加大,雖然有些題型并無(wú)對(duì)話形式,但每句的語(yǔ)境仍很突出,強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言在實(shí)際生活中的運(yùn)用。如: 例1:07-32江蘇 . --- “Could we put off the meeting?” she asked. --- “_________.” He answered politely. “This is the only day everyone is available.” A. Not likely B. Not exactly C. Not nearly D. Not really 答案為D。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)中“今天是人人都在的唯一天”,我們“不能”推遲會(huì)議,表示委婉的否定對(duì)方的提議,故選D。 例2:07-2天津 ---- Could you turn the TV down a little bit? ---- ________. Is it disturbing you? A. Take it easy. B. I’m sorry. C. Not a bit D. It depends 答案為B。 感覺(jué)到對(duì)方已經(jīng)受到干擾,所以抱歉 例3:07-9全國(guó)Ⅱ卷 .–I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. –____, Bill. A. You’re welcome B. Go ahead C. Don’t mention it D. No problem 答案為D. no problem 在此表示 “沒(méi)關(guān)系”. 此題容易誤選don’t mention it, 但don’t mention it在大多數(shù)情況下表示 “不用謝”, 雖然有時(shí)候也可以回答別人的道歉,但很少這么用. (四) 固定句型 倒裝和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是近年試卷中考查的對(duì)象。 例1:07-31江蘇 . --- My room gets very cold at night. --- ___________. A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does 答案為C??疾斓寡b句的用法。題意為“我的房間在晚上變得很冷。我的也是這樣?!保硎疽粋€(gè)主語(yǔ)的情況也適宜另一主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)該用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),并且注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是be動(dòng)詞,故選C。 例2:07-5陜西 . that Maric was able to set up new branches clsewhere. A.So successful her business was B.So successful was her business C.So her business was successful D.So was her successful business 答案為B. 考查so +adj/adv結(jié)構(gòu)要引起倒裝。 例3:07-14重慶 _______, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound 答案為D。Strange as it might sound句意是: 盡管聽(tīng)上去很怪??疾閍s引導(dǎo)的倒裝句。 例4:07-10.浙江 It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common. A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that 答案為D。 not until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)是it is/was not until+短語(yǔ)或從句+ that +主句。 知識(shí)覆蓋面廣 近年高考單項(xiàng)填空題對(duì)考生所學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行了全面細(xì)致客觀的考查。所以,覆蓋面廣是該題型的又-特點(diǎn),除上述重點(diǎn)考查項(xiàng)目外,近年試題中還考查了下列內(nèi)容: 1.it的用法 ( )① 07-1.天津 He didn’t make ________ clear when and where the meeting would be held. A. this B. that C. it D. these 答案為C. 考查it 做形式賓語(yǔ)。 ( )② 07-4山東 ________ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. A.This B.That C.What D.It 答案為D。考查it做形式主語(yǔ)。the way he keeps changing his mind是真正的主語(yǔ) ( )③ 07-16浙江 --- He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. --- When was _____? --- _____ was in 2000 when he was still in college. A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It 答案為D。 考查that 指代過(guò)去的情況, It 指代時(shí)間。 2.介詞短語(yǔ)的用法 ( )①07-2湖南 __________ the silence for the pauses, we could hear each other’s breathing and could almost bear our own heartbeats. A. In B. For C. Under D. Between 答案為A。 ( )②07-19浙江 The open-air celebration has been put off _______ the bad weather. A. in case of B. in spite of C. instead of D. because of 答案為D。 because of 由于。注意從時(shí)態(tài)入手,理解句子的邏輯關(guān)系。 ( )③07-32福建 .Although my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own. A. against B. on C. for D. in 答案為A。 against表示 “反對(duì)”。注意理解句子的邏輯關(guān)系。意思是:盡管老教授反對(duì)我的意見(jiàn), 他也拿不出自己的主意來(lái)。 3.形容詞、副詞的用法。 在這部分中, 主要考查典型形容詞、副詞的用法,詞義辨析,比較級(jí),還有副詞性介詞短語(yǔ)等。 ( )①07-29.江蘇 With April 18’s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with ______ service for passengers. A. good B. better C. best D. the best 答案為B??疾煨稳菰~比較等級(jí)的用法。題意為“隨著4月18日的火車提速,高速公路和航空運(yùn)輸將不得不在為乘客提供更優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)上互相競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”。兩個(gè)對(duì)象進(jìn)行比較用比較級(jí),故選B。 ( )② 07-5.湖北 She devoted herself to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field. A. strongly B. extremely C. entirely D. freely 答案為C。考查副詞的基本意思。 此處意思: 自己完全地,徹底地或全身心地投入到研究中去。 ( )③07-8.湖北 He began to take political science only when he left school. A.strictly B.truly C.carefully D.seriously 答案為D??疾閯?dòng)詞和副詞搭配的句型。 take …seriously是固定句型,表示 “認(rèn)真對(duì)待”。 ( )④07-8.陜西 – I think he is taking an active part in social work. I agree with you . A.in a way B.on the way C.by the way D.in the way 答案為A。 in a way做狀語(yǔ),意思是 “在某中程度上”。 4.動(dòng)詞辨析 ( )①07-24.江蘇 --- Have you ______ some new ideas? --- Yeah. I’ll tell you later. A. come about B. come into C. come up with D. come out with 答案為C??疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的含義辨析。題意為“你想到新的主意了嗎?是的,我稍后告訴你”,故選C。。 ( )②07-10.全國(guó)I卷 Does this meal cost $50? I __________ something far better than this! A. prefer B. expect C. suggest D. suppose 答案為C。考查在特定語(yǔ)境中辨析動(dòng)詞詞義及用法的能力。前面的語(yǔ)境很重要,說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為50元花的不值,所以這里expect表示“期望、指望”,意思是:我期望50元能買到比這好得多的東西。 ( )③07-6.江西 We had wanted to finish our task by noon, but it didn’t quite . A. find out B. give out C. hand out D. work out 答案為D。考查常用動(dòng)詞詞組的意義及用法。work out 的意思很多且有的用法也很特殊, 此處表示 “ 結(jié)果…..怎么樣”。 ( ) ④07-7.天津 Lucy has ________ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university. A. acquired B. finished C. concluded D. achieved 答案為D??疾槌S玫膭?dòng)賓搭配。 achieve one’s goal達(dá)到目標(biāo) 5.冠詞 近年各地單選題中百分之八十都安排了對(duì)冠詞的測(cè)試,可見(jiàn)熟悉冠詞用法的重要性。 ( )①07-21.江蘇 We have every reason to believe that ______ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be ______ success. A. / … a B. the … / C. the … a D. a … a 答案為C。本題主要考察冠詞在語(yǔ)境中的用法,第一空為特指,后第一空為泛指,“。。。。。。2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)將是一次成功的奧運(yùn)會(huì)”,故C為最佳答案。 ( )②07-22.福建 —How about Christmas evening party? —I should say it was success. A. a; a B. the; a C. a;不填 D. the; 不填 答案為B。 冠詞與不定冠詞的用法. the Christmas evening party表特指; a success是抽象名詞具體化現(xiàn)象。 ( )③07-4.浙江 I like _____ color of your skirt. It is _____ good match for your blouse. A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the 答案為C。第一個(gè)是特指某中顏色, 第二處關(guān)鍵是理解句子的意思: 這個(gè)顏色的裙子和你的褲子是個(gè)絕配。 ( )④07-4.重慶 Gorge couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _____ Sunday because everybody was at _______ church. A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a 答案為C。 句子的意思是: 他記得那是一個(gè)星期天,但是不清楚是那個(gè)星期天,因?yàn)榇蠹叶荚谧龆Y拜. be at church做禮拜。 6.不定代詞 ( )①-07-7.北京 He has made a lot of films, but ____ good ones. A. any B. some C. few D. many 答案為C??疾椴欢ù~在特定語(yǔ)境的用法。 根據(jù)連詞but , 可見(jiàn)后面是說(shuō): 但是好電影不多,few指代可數(shù)名詞,表示 “沒(méi)幾個(gè)”。 ( )②07-23.福建 The book is of great value. can be enjoyed unless you digest it. A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything 答案為A??疾椴欢ù~在特定語(yǔ)境的用法。根據(jù)句意邏輯,答案應(yīng)該是nothing。 ( )③07-8.江西 —What do you think of the performance today? —Great! but a musical genius could perform so successfully. A. All B. None C. Anybody D. Everybody 答案為B。 考查不定代詞在特定語(yǔ)境的用法。 none but 只有的意思。 ( )④07-11.-陜西 There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ? - No, I’d rather buy in the bookstore. A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it 答案為A。 it 指代前面的a copy of the book, 后面的意思是: 我要到書店去買一本。 7.連詞 這一部分主要考查了并列句、狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句等復(fù)合句的連詞。 ( )①07-16.上海 The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. A. when B. why C. whether D. that 答案為D。 考查表語(yǔ)從句的連詞。 從句意思完整,也不缺乏任何成分,所以用that 。意思是:傳統(tǒng)的觀念認(rèn)為我們之所以睡覺(jué)是因?yàn)榇竽X中設(shè)計(jì)好的程序讓我們這樣去做。 ( )②07-12.江西 After gradutation she reached a point in her career she needed to decide what to do. A.that B.what C.which D.where 答案為D??疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句的連詞。 where 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句, 先行詞是a point in his career, 表示 “ 在人生的這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)” ( )③07-13.湖南 Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but ________ they have eggs or young chicks, they don’t use a nest. A. why B. how C. unless D. where 答案為C??疾闋钫Z(yǔ)從句的連詞。 根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系,應(yīng)該選unless, “除非, 如果不” 難度降低 修訂后的2005年考試大綱曾指出“大型考試應(yīng)降低語(yǔ)法試題的難度”。與往年相比,2006年之后的單項(xiàng)填空試題難度下降,沒(méi)有偏題,怪題,2007年尤是如此。主要表現(xiàn)在三個(gè)方面: 1.試題句子都比較短,沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的句型結(jié)構(gòu),也沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)較難的詞匯。 2.從考查內(nèi)容上,幾個(gè)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)在同-試題中綜合考查的現(xiàn)象幾乎不存在。今年試題更側(cè)重基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的考查,如介詞短語(yǔ)、用餐、打電話、交際用語(yǔ)等。 3.無(wú)超綱題。以往每年都出現(xiàn)-兩道從不同角度設(shè)計(jì)較難的題,個(gè)別試題超出了考綱范圍,今年這種現(xiàn)象已不存在。 考前應(yīng)試策略 通過(guò)對(duì)2007年高考單項(xiàng)選擇試題的分析,可以發(fā)現(xiàn),單項(xiàng)選擇題已經(jīng)由傳統(tǒng)的單純考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)向考查英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用的方向發(fā)展,體現(xiàn)了英語(yǔ)的交際功能??疾橹攸c(diǎn)也由集中到分散,考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)越來(lái)越多。從詞法上看,動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、詞語(yǔ)辨析和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)、形容詞、副詞、名詞和代詞是考試重點(diǎn),而動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是重中之重;從句法上看,連詞和從句是考查的重點(diǎn)。從高考的試卷來(lái)看,動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考查比較多的是-般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)以及它們之間的混合。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中也涉及到時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題。關(guān)于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,考生-定要確認(rèn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?,它的作用是什么,同時(shí)也要明確這樣-個(gè)事實(shí):非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-樣,也存在時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的問(wèn)題。 在做單項(xiàng)選擇題的時(shí)候,考生往往不能正確理解句子的大意。要處理好這個(gè)問(wèn)題最重要的環(huán)節(jié)是分析句子的成分,看懂句子的意思。因此,考生應(yīng)該有-定的詞匯量和基本詞法、句法和語(yǔ)法知識(shí),必須知道每-個(gè)句子成分由什么充當(dāng)。當(dāng)然,我們并不是死摳語(yǔ)法知識(shí),但是熟悉了解基本的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)是必要的。 參加高考的學(xué)生要想又快又準(zhǔn)地做好單選題,必須具備下列技巧: 題眼法 我們要學(xué)會(huì)充分利用“題眼”的作用,“題眼”是指題干中的關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵符號(hào),它具有提示信息的作用。-旦抓住了它,就能掌握選擇的依據(jù)。 ( )All the students are busy for the coming math examination. A.preparing B.ready C.prepare D.be ready 答案為A。be busy doing sth.這種用法在中學(xué)教材中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)過(guò),但仍有不少人寫了ready。以上問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn),說(shuō)明了考生基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的欠缺和基本功的不扎實(shí)。 還原法 把倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句或疑問(wèn)句的題干變換成陳述句,再選就容易多了。 ( )It was about 600 years ago——the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. A.that B.until C.before D.when 答案為A。本句的正常語(yǔ)序是:The first clock with a face and an hour hand was made about 600 years.因?yàn)槲覀兌贾乐挥袕?qiáng)調(diào)句型,去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)句式it was…that,才會(huì)保持語(yǔ)義完整。 歸類法 根據(jù)句意,把選項(xiàng)分組歸類,縮小范圍,提高做題的速度和準(zhǔn)確性。 ( )Few pleasures Can equal of a cool drink on a hot day. A.some B.a(chǎn)ny C.that D.those 答案為C。of的后面是單數(shù),其前面不能填some、any或those。A、B、D三者歸為-類。that=the pleasure of a cool drink. 推理法 根據(jù)前后文,進(jìn)行邏輯推理,在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可填入的情況下,要認(rèn)真閱讀全句,仔細(xì)體會(huì)其語(yǔ)境,根據(jù)前后文,進(jìn)行判斷。 ( )These football players had no strict until they joined Our club. A.practice B.education C.exercises D.training 答案為D。本題考查要點(diǎn):?jiǎn)卧~辯異。本題選項(xiàng)A意為“實(shí)踐”;選項(xiàng)B意為“教育”;選項(xiàng)C意為“練習(xí)”;選項(xiàng)D意為“訓(xùn)練”。本題句意為運(yùn)動(dòng)員未受到嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練。 排除法 對(duì)于難度較大的題,-時(shí)不知道選哪-個(gè)。這時(shí)要逐個(gè)試填,最后,選取組成最好語(yǔ)境的選項(xiàng)。 ( )-I’m going to the post office. - you’re there,Can you buy a dozen of stamps for me? A.As B.While C.Because D.If 答案為B。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均屬連接副詞,都能引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,if從句表示條件;as從句表示明顯的原因,because從句表示直接原因;as從句表示時(shí)間,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,while從句表示時(shí)間,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的過(guò)程之中,從句的謂語(yǔ)多表示狀態(tài)。 拆塔法 在各種命題方式中,“拆搭”是最令人頭痛的考查方式。其原因有二:首先,它具有極大的迷惑性。命題人員在設(shè)計(jì)題目時(shí)往往采取“聲東擊西”的辦法,表面看來(lái)是考查某個(gè)學(xué)生熟悉的知識(shí)點(diǎn)或語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu),其實(shí),命題者設(shè)計(jì)的干擾項(xiàng)正是學(xué)生由于思維定勢(shì)而引發(fā)的錯(cuò)誤理解,或者是學(xué)生平時(shí)易犯的典型錯(cuò)誤,其迷惑性有時(shí)大到會(huì)使考生-下子將正確選項(xiàng)作為“顯而易見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤項(xiàng)”排除掉。其次它不僅考查了考生對(duì)基本詞匯、語(yǔ)匯及語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的掌握,更主要地是考查考生的分析和應(yīng)變能力,可以說(shuō)是-種綜合考查型的命題形式。近幾年的命題趨勢(shì)來(lái)看,語(yǔ)法與習(xí)語(yǔ)題題干的設(shè)計(jì)越來(lái)越長(zhǎng),單純的簡(jiǎn)單句型的題干越來(lái)越少,對(duì)話型題干、雙句乃至多句型題干、主從復(fù)合句型題干、并列句型題干越來(lái)越多,且包活信息量也越來(lái)越大,其中有相當(dāng)-部分題屬于“拆搭”型的命題。為了更好地幫助2007屆高三學(xué)生解答此類題目,下面對(duì)此類題目的命題特點(diǎn)及對(duì)策進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析: 命題者常從以下幾個(gè)方面著手: 1)增加題干法。 如加入插入語(yǔ)、從句等。對(duì)策(1)是將選項(xiàng)加入原句中進(jìn)行句子成分分析判定各成分構(gòu)成是否正確;(2)去除手稿語(yǔ)或從句;(3)將主從復(fù)合句分解為兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句等。 ( )Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play ,of course,made the others unhappy. A.who B.which C.this D.what 答案為B。把句中的of course去掉,就可以看出后面是-個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾前面的整個(gè)句子。 2)移位法 將動(dòng)賓語(yǔ)或介賓結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)通過(guò)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、定語(yǔ)從句或用疑問(wèn)詞替代的方法進(jìn)行移位。對(duì)策:(1)將被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還原為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);(2)將含定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句化解為兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句;(3)將疑問(wèn)句還原為陳述句。 ( )He seemed more anxious that I from my father. A.much;heard B.a(chǎn) bit;would hear C.even;to hear D.quite;had heard 答案為C。去掉非主干語(yǔ)的干擾后,即變成:He seemed anxious to hear from my father. 3)設(shè)障法 用學(xué)生非常熟悉的搭配或結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)干擾項(xiàng)。這-形式比較多見(jiàn)。對(duì)策:(1)分析所空部分在句子中充當(dāng)何種成分;(2)翻譯句子看句意是否通順連貫。 ( )He will tell you he expects will win such a match. A.why B.whom C.which D.who 答案為D。he expects可以看成是插入語(yǔ),去掉不看后,容易知道這是-個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,從句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為能贏得這樣-場(chǎng)比賽的人。 4)縮略法 與方法1)增加題干法正好相反,通過(guò)隱含或省略部分結(jié)構(gòu)的方法使兩個(gè)不相干的部分搭在-起。對(duì)策:分析句子成分,補(bǔ)全所缺部分,在所有成分俱全的情況下進(jìn)行判斷。 ( )①She is looking so forward as much to his return as he himself to her. A.have seen B.seeing C.See D.having seen 補(bǔ)全這話后就成了“She is looking so forward as much to his return as he himself (is looking forward to her.”,故答案為B。 ( )②-I couldn’t find Mr. Morris.Where did you meet him yesterday? -It was in the hotel he stayed. A.where B.which C.that D.the one 一不小心,就會(huì)很容易地想到It was…that…的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,而實(shí)際上只要看清前句的發(fā)問(wèn),就可知道這是-省略用法。補(bǔ)全后即是:It was in the hotel(…h(huán)e stayed)that I met him yesterday.故答案為A。 總之,要想高考單項(xiàng)填空得高分,-定要平時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)腳踏實(shí)地,打好堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)注意正確的解題方法,平常訓(xùn)練有素,考試時(shí)就會(huì)胸有成竹,立于不敗之地。 |
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來(lái)自: 昵稱1769601 > 《英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)》