相關(guān)協(xié)議:
1)IEEE 802.1ag 連通性故障管理(CFM:Connectivity Fault Management) 2)IEEE 802.3ah 第一英里的以太網(wǎng)(EFM:Ethernet in the First Mile),其中第57章的以太網(wǎng)OAM 3)ITU-T Y.1731 以太網(wǎng)OAM(Operation, Administration and Maintenance) 以太網(wǎng)OAM技術(shù)是分級(jí)實(shí)現(xiàn),分為以下兩個(gè)級(jí)別:
1)鏈路級(jí)以太網(wǎng)OAM技術(shù):多應(yīng)用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的PE設(shè)備-CE設(shè)備-用戶設(shè)備之間(也叫最后一公里)的以太網(wǎng)物理鏈路,用于監(jiān)測(cè)用戶網(wǎng)絡(luò)與運(yùn)營(yíng)商網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間的鏈路狀態(tài),典型協(xié)議為EFM OAM協(xié)議。用戶通過(guò)在兩個(gè)點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)連接的設(shè)備上啟用以太網(wǎng)OAM功能,可以監(jiān)控這兩臺(tái)設(shè)備之間的鏈路狀態(tài)。-->802.3ah
2)網(wǎng)絡(luò)級(jí)以太網(wǎng)OAM技術(shù):多應(yīng)用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的接入?yún)R聚層,用于監(jiān)測(cè)整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連通性、定位網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連通性故障,典型協(xié)議為CFD協(xié)議。(CFD:Connectivity Fault Detection) -->802.1ag, Y.1731 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 802.3ah
EFM OAM工作在數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層,其協(xié)議報(bào)文被稱為OAMPDU. The frame transmission rate is limited to a maximum of 10 frames per second; therefore, the impact of OAM on normal operations is negligible.
a) Destination Address (DA). The DA in OAMPDUs is the Slow_Protocols_Multicast address. 0x0180-C200-0002慢速協(xié)議報(bào)文的特點(diǎn)就是不能被網(wǎng)橋轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),因此無(wú)論是否具備OAM功能或OAM功能是否激活,EFM OAM報(bào)文都不能跨多跳轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)
b) Source Address (SA). The SA in OAMPDUs carries the individual MAC address associated with
the port through which the OAMPDU is transmitted. c) Length/Type. 0x8809
d) Subtype. The Subtype field identifies the specific Slow Protocol being encapsulated. OAMPDUs carry the Subtype value 0x03.
e) Flags. The Flags field contains status bits.
Additional diagnostic information may be sent using the Event Notification OAMPDU. 主要的Flag: --2 Critical Event ----1 = A critical event has occurred. ----0 = A critical event has not occurred. --1 Dying Gasp ----1 = An unrecoverable local failure condition has occurred. ----0 = An unrecoverable local failure condition has not occurred. --0 Link Fault The PHY has detected a fault has occurred in the receive direction of the local DTE (e.g., link, Physical layer). ----1 = Local device's receive path has detected a fault. ----0 = Local device's receive path has not detected a fault. f) Code.
The Code field identifies the specific OAMPDU. --0x00Information OAMPDU 信息OAMPDU,也稱為心跳報(bào)文 用于在本端與遠(yuǎn)端的OAM實(shí)體之間交互各種狀態(tài)信息(包括本地信息TLV、遠(yuǎn)端信息TLV和組織自定義信息TLV) --0x01 Event Notification OAMPDU 事件通知OAMPDU 用于對(duì)連接本端與遠(yuǎn)端OAM實(shí)體的鏈路上所發(fā)生的故障進(jìn)行告警 --0x04 Loopback Control OAMPDU 環(huán)回控制OAMPDU 用于檢測(cè)鏈路質(zhì)量和定位鏈路故障,該報(bào)文中帶有使能/去使能信息,用來(lái)開(kāi)啟/關(guān)閉遠(yuǎn)端環(huán)回功能 Command Description 0x01 Enable OAM Remote Loopback 0x02 Disable OAM Remote Loopback 0x00,0x03-0xFF Reserved Shall not be transmitted, should be ignored on reception by OAM client g) Data/Pad.
This field contains the OAMPDU data and any necessary pad. Implementations shall support OAMPDUs at least minFrameSize in length. h) FCS.
This field is the Frame Check Sequence 以太網(wǎng)OAM功能建立在以太網(wǎng)OAM連接的基礎(chǔ)上。
以太網(wǎng)OAM連接的建立過(guò)程也稱為Discovery階段,即本端OAM實(shí)體發(fā)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)端OAM實(shí)體、并與之建立穩(wěn)定對(duì)話的過(guò)程。 在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,相連的OAM實(shí)體通過(guò)交互Information OAMPDU通報(bào)各自的以太網(wǎng)OAM配置信息和本端支持的以太網(wǎng)OAM能力信息。當(dāng)OAM實(shí)體收到對(duì)端的配置參數(shù)后,決定是否建立OAM連接。 交互以下的配置信息: • OAM mode The mode can be either active or passive and can be used to determine device functionality. 以太網(wǎng)OAM的連接模式有兩種:主動(dòng)模式和被動(dòng)模式; 以太網(wǎng)OAM連接只能由主動(dòng)模式的OAM實(shí)體發(fā)起,而被動(dòng)模式的OAM實(shí)體只能等待對(duì)端OAM實(shí)體的連接請(qǐng)求; 都處于被動(dòng)模式下的兩個(gè)OAM實(shí)體之間無(wú)法建立以太網(wǎng)OAM連接。 • OAM configuration (capabilities) Advertises the capabilities of the local OAM entity. With this information a peer can determine, what functions are supported and accessible; for example, loopback capability. • OAMPDU configuration Includes the maximum OAMPDU size for receipt and delivery. This information along with the rate limiting of 10 frames per second can be used to limit the bandwidth allocated to OAM traffic. • Platform identity A combination of an organization unique identifier (OUI) and 32-bits of vendor-specific information. OUI allocation, controlled by the IEEE, is typically the first three bytes of a MAC address. 以太網(wǎng)OAM能夠有效提高以太網(wǎng)的管理和維護(hù)能力,保障網(wǎng)絡(luò)的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,其主要功能包括:
1)鏈路性能監(jiān)測(cè):對(duì)鏈路的各種性能進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),包括對(duì)丟包、時(shí)延和抖動(dòng)等的衡量,以及對(duì)各類流量的統(tǒng)計(jì); 2)故障偵測(cè)和告警:通過(guò)發(fā)送檢測(cè)報(bào)文來(lái)探測(cè)鏈路的連通性,當(dāng)鏈路出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)及時(shí)通知網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理員;
鏈路監(jiān)控用于在各種環(huán)境下檢測(cè)和發(fā)現(xiàn)鏈路層故障,通過(guò)Event Notification OAMPDU來(lái)監(jiān)控鏈路。 當(dāng)一端OAM實(shí)體監(jiān)控到一般鏈路事件時(shí),將向其對(duì)端發(fā)送Event Notification OAMPDU以進(jìn)行通報(bào)。 • Link Event TLVs 主要有以下4種Event Type. -0x01 錯(cuò)誤信號(hào)事件(Errored Symbol Period Event):單位時(shí)間內(nèi)的錯(cuò)誤信號(hào)數(shù)量超過(guò)定義的閾值 Counts the number of symbol errors that occurred during the specified period. The period is specified by the number of symbols that can be received in a time interval on the underlying physical layer. ============================================== Default / lower bound / upper bound Window Size number of symbols that can be received in 1 second / in 1 second / in 1 minute Threshold 1 symbol error / 0 symbol error / unspecified ============================================== --0x02 錯(cuò)誤幀事件(Errored Frame Event):單位時(shí)間內(nèi)的錯(cuò)誤幀數(shù)量超過(guò)定義的閾值
Counts the number of errored frames detected during the specified period. The period is specified by a time interval. ============================================== Default / lower bound / upper bound Window Size: 1 second / 1 second / 1 minute Threshold: 1 frame error / 0 frame error / unspecified ============================================== --0x03 錯(cuò)誤幀周期事件(Errored Frame Period Event):指定幀數(shù)N為周期,在收到N個(gè)幀的周期內(nèi)錯(cuò)誤幀數(shù)超過(guò)定義的閾值
Counts the number of errored frames detected during the specified period. The period is specified by a number of received frames. ============================================== Default / lower bound / upper bound Window Size: number of minFrameSize frames that can be received in 1 second / 100ms / 1 minute Threshold: 1 frame error / 0 frame error / unspecified ============================================== --0x04 錯(cuò)誤幀秒數(shù)事件(Errored Frame Seconds Event):指定M秒數(shù)下有錯(cuò)誤幀的秒數(shù)超過(guò)了定義的閾值
Counts the number of errored frame seconds that occurred during the specified period. The period is specified by a time interval. ============================================== Default / lower bound / upper bound Window Size: 60 seconds / 10 seconds / 900 seconds Threshold: 1 errored second / 0 errored seconds / unspecified ============================================== 3)環(huán)路測(cè)試:通過(guò)非以太網(wǎng)OAM協(xié)議報(bào)文的環(huán)回來(lái)檢測(cè)鏈路故障。
主動(dòng)模式下的OAM實(shí)體向?qū)Χ耍ㄟh(yuǎn)端)發(fā)送除OAMPDU以外的所有其它報(bào)文時(shí),對(duì)端收到報(bào)文后不按其目的地址進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),而是將其按原路返回給本端。遠(yuǎn)端環(huán)回只有在以太網(wǎng)OAM連接建立之后才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 802.1ag
CFM導(dǎo)入了以下概念: • 維護(hù)域(Maintenance Domain:MD) 指明了連通錯(cuò)誤檢測(cè)所覆蓋的網(wǎng)絡(luò),其邊界是由配置在端口上的一系列維護(hù)端點(diǎn)所定義的。維護(hù)域以"維護(hù)域名"來(lái)標(biāo)識(shí)。 維護(hù)域共分為八級(jí),用整數(shù)0~7來(lái)表示,數(shù)字越大級(jí)別越高,維護(hù)域的范圍也就越大。 不同維護(hù)域之間可以相鄰或嵌套,但不能交叉,且嵌套時(shí)只能由較高級(jí)別的維護(hù)域來(lái)嵌套較低級(jí)別維護(hù)域。 低級(jí)別維護(hù)域的CFD PDU進(jìn)入高級(jí)別維護(hù)域后會(huì)被丟棄;高級(jí)別維護(hù)域的CFD PDU則可以穿越低級(jí)別維護(hù)域;相同級(jí)別的維護(hù)域的CFD PDU不可以互相穿越。 • 維護(hù)集(Maintenance Association:MA)
在維護(hù)域內(nèi)根據(jù)需要可以配置多個(gè)維護(hù)集(MA),每個(gè)維護(hù)集是維護(hù)域內(nèi)一些維護(hù)點(diǎn)的集合。 維護(hù)集以"維護(hù)域名+維護(hù)集名"來(lái)標(biāo)識(shí)。維護(hù)集中的維護(hù)點(diǎn)可以接收由本維護(hù)集中其它維護(hù)點(diǎn)發(fā)來(lái)的報(bào)文。 一個(gè)維護(hù)集(MA)可以服務(wù)于多個(gè)VLAN,但是同一MD中的不同MA不能共享同一個(gè)VLAN。 • 維護(hù)點(diǎn)(Maintenance Point:MP)
維護(hù)點(diǎn)(MP)配置在端口上,屬于某個(gè)維護(hù)集,可分為維護(hù)端點(diǎn)(MEP)和維護(hù)中間點(diǎn)(MIP)兩種。 1) MEP: Maintenance association End Point 維護(hù)端點(diǎn)以稱為MEP ID的整數(shù)(range 1 - 8191)來(lái)標(biāo)識(shí),在同一個(gè)MA中它是唯一的。 它確定了維護(hù)域的范圍和邊界。維護(hù)端點(diǎn)所屬的維護(hù)集和維護(hù)域確定了該維護(hù)端點(diǎn)所發(fā)出報(bào)文的VLAN屬性和級(jí)別。 維護(hù)端點(diǎn)的級(jí)別決定了其所能處理的報(bào)文的級(jí)別,維護(hù)端點(diǎn)所發(fā)出報(bào)文的級(jí)別就是該維護(hù)端點(diǎn)的級(jí)別。 當(dāng)維護(hù)端點(diǎn)收到高于自己級(jí)別的報(bào)文時(shí),會(huì)將其按原有路徑繼續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā);而當(dāng)維護(hù)端點(diǎn)收到小于或等于自己級(jí)別的報(bào)文時(shí)不會(huì)再轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),以確保低級(jí)別維護(hù)域內(nèi)的報(bào)文不會(huì)擴(kuò)散到高級(jí)別維護(hù)域中。 維護(hù)端點(diǎn)具有方向性,分為外向(DOWN)維護(hù)端點(diǎn)和內(nèi)向(UP)維護(hù)端點(diǎn)兩種。 維護(hù)端點(diǎn)的方向表明了維護(hù)域相對(duì)于該端口的位置。其中,外向維護(hù)端點(diǎn)通過(guò)其所在端口向外發(fā)送報(bào)文,內(nèi)向維護(hù)端點(diǎn)則不通過(guò)其所在端口向外發(fā)送報(bào)文,而是通過(guò)該設(shè)備上的其它端口向外發(fā)送報(bào)文。 2)MIP: Maintenance association Intermediate Point
維護(hù)中間點(diǎn)位于維護(hù)域內(nèi)部,不能主動(dòng)發(fā)出CFM協(xié)議報(bào)文,但可以響應(yīng)LBM和LTM報(bào)文。 維護(hù)中間點(diǎn)所屬的維護(hù)集和維護(hù)域確定了該維護(hù)中間點(diǎn)所接收?qǐng)?bào)文的VLAN屬性和級(jí)別。 維護(hù)中間點(diǎn)可以配合維護(hù)端點(diǎn)完成類似于ping和tracert的功能。與維護(hù)端點(diǎn)類似,當(dāng)維護(hù)中間點(diǎn)收到高于自己級(jí)別的報(bào)文時(shí),不會(huì)進(jìn)行處理,而是將其按原有路徑轉(zhuǎn)發(fā);而當(dāng)維護(hù)中間點(diǎn)收到小于等于自己級(jí)別的報(bào)文時(shí),才會(huì)進(jìn)行處理。 維護(hù)中間點(diǎn)是根據(jù)一定的規(guī)則,由系統(tǒng)在每個(gè)端口上計(jì)算出來(lái)的。用戶應(yīng)根據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃的情況,選擇合適的生成規(guī)則。 缺省情況下,設(shè)備上不配置維護(hù)中間點(diǎn)。 如果在該維護(hù)域內(nèi)的所有端口上都規(guī)劃有維護(hù)中間點(diǎn),則應(yīng)選擇default規(guī)則。 如果僅在低層維護(hù)域有維護(hù)端點(diǎn)時(shí)規(guī)劃維護(hù)中間點(diǎn),則應(yīng)選擇explicit規(guī)則。 維護(hù)端點(diǎn)列表是同一維護(hù)集內(nèi)允許配置的本地維護(hù)端點(diǎn)和需要監(jiān)控的遠(yuǎn)端維護(hù)端點(diǎn)的集合,它限定了維護(hù)集內(nèi)維護(hù)端點(diǎn)的選取范圍:不同設(shè)備上同一維護(hù)集內(nèi)的所有維護(hù)端點(diǎn)都應(yīng)包含在此列表中,且MEP ID互不重復(fù)。如果維護(hù)端點(diǎn)收到遠(yuǎn)端設(shè)備發(fā)來(lái)的CCM報(bào)文攜帶的維護(hù)端點(diǎn)不在同一維護(hù)集的維護(hù)端點(diǎn)列表中,就丟棄該報(bào)文。
MEPs may monitor either all frames or a set of VLANs. You may configure a virtual switch as either VLAN-aware or VLAN-unaware to recognize or not recognize VLAN tagged frames or packets when they are delivered from another virtual switch in the network. • VLAN-Aware Maintenance Entities, such as MAs and MEPs, monitor a VLAN or set of VLANs that are associated with a Primary VLAN ID. These Maintenance Entities protect only the VLAN or set of VLANs to which they are associated. • VLAN-Unaware Maintenance Entities, such as MAs and MEPs, monitor all data frames passing through a port, regardless of using VLANs. If the Maintenance Entity is VLAN-Unaware, do not specify the VLAN parameter in the configuration commands. CFM PDU的格式如下:
a) MD level
維護(hù)域的級(jí)別,取值范圍為0~7,取值越大表示級(jí)別越高 b)Version
協(xié)議版本號(hào),為0 c)OpCode
消息編碼,不同取值表示不同類型的CFM PDU,常見(jiàn)的CFM PDU如下所示。 ======================================================= OpCode值 報(bào)文類型 目的MAC地址 作用 -------------------------------------------------------- 0x01 CCM PDU 01-80-C2-00-00-3x(組播地址) 用于連續(xù)性檢測(cè),各維護(hù)端點(diǎn)均可發(fā)出 0x02 LBR PDU 環(huán)回發(fā)起端的MAC(單播地址) 用于環(huán)回,由環(huán)回對(duì)端回應(yīng) 0x03 LBM PDU 環(huán)回目的端的MAC(單播地址) 用于環(huán)回,由環(huán)回發(fā)起端發(fā)出 0x04 LTR PDU 鏈路跟蹤發(fā)起端的MAC(單播地址) 用于鏈路跟蹤,由鏈路跟蹤對(duì)端回應(yīng) 0x05 LTM PDU 01-80-C2-00-00-3y(組播地址) 用于鏈路跟蹤,由鏈路跟蹤發(fā)起端發(fā)出 0, 6-31 Reserved for IEEE 802.1 32-63 Defined by ITU-T Y.1731 33 AIS 35 LCK 37 TST 39 APS 41 MCC 43 LMM 42 LMR 45 1DM 47 DMM 46 DMR 64-255 Reserved for IEEE 802.1 ======================================================== 目的MAC地址中x和y的取值 MD level x的取值 y的取值 7 7 F 6 6 E 5 5 D 4 4 C 3 3 B 2 2 A 1 1 9 0 0 8 CCM:Continuity Check Message 連續(xù)性檢測(cè)報(bào)文 LBM:Loopback Message 環(huán)回消息 LBR:Loopback Reply 環(huán)回應(yīng)答 LT:Linktrace 鏈路跟蹤 LTM:Linktrace Message 鏈路跟蹤消息 LTR:Linktrace Reply 鏈路跟蹤應(yīng)答 d)Flags
Flag域,該字段在不同類型的CFM PDU中表示不同的含義 e)Varies with value of OpCode
--Sequence number:序列號(hào),初始值為一個(gè)隨機(jī)值,以后維護(hù)端點(diǎn)每發(fā)送一個(gè)CCM PDU,該字段的取值就會(huì)加1 --Loopback transaction ID/LTR/LTM transaction ID:處理編號(hào),初始值為0,以后維護(hù)端點(diǎn)每發(fā)送一個(gè)LBR/LBM/LTR/LTM PDU,該字段的取值就會(huì)加1 f)TLV(Type, Length, Value)
TLV stands for Type, Length, Value and denotes a method of encoding variable-length and/or optional information in a PDU. TLVs are not aligned to any particular word or octet boundary. TLVs follow each other with no padding between TLVs.TLV or organization / Type field End TLV / 0 在終了TLV中,類型 = 0,長(zhǎng)度和數(shù)值字段都不用。 Sender ID TLV / 1 Port Status TLV / 2 Data TLV / 3 Interface Status TLV / 4 Reply Ingress TLV / 5 Reply Egress TLV / 6 LTM Egress Identifier TLV / 7 LTR Egress Identifier TLV / 8 Reserved for IEEE 802.1 / 9-30,64-255 Defined by ITU-T Y.1731 / 32測(cè)試TLV 33-63 Reserved Organization-Specific TLV / 31 CFM的有效應(yīng)用建立在合理的網(wǎng)絡(luò)部署和配置之上。它的功能是在所配置的維護(hù)點(diǎn)之間實(shí)現(xiàn)的,包括:
連續(xù)性檢測(cè)功能(Continuity Check,CC) 環(huán)回功能(Loopback,LB) 鏈路跟蹤功能(Linktrace,LT) 1. 連續(xù)性檢測(cè)功能
連續(xù)性檢測(cè)功能用來(lái)檢測(cè)維護(hù)端點(diǎn)之間的連通狀態(tài)。連通失敗可能由設(shè)備故障或配置錯(cuò)誤造成。該功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式是:由維護(hù)端點(diǎn)周期性地發(fā)送CCM報(bào)文,該報(bào)文是組播報(bào)文,相同維護(hù)集的其它維護(hù)端點(diǎn)接收該報(bào)文,并由此獲知遠(yuǎn)端狀態(tài)。當(dāng)維護(hù)端點(diǎn)在3.5個(gè)周期的時(shí)間段內(nèi)收不到該報(bào)文時(shí),則認(rèn)為鏈路有問(wèn)題,會(huì)輸出日志報(bào)告。當(dāng)維護(hù)域中的多個(gè)維護(hù)端點(diǎn)在發(fā)送CCM報(bào)文時(shí),就實(shí)現(xiàn)了多點(diǎn)到多點(diǎn)之間的鏈路檢測(cè)。不同設(shè)備上處于同一個(gè)維護(hù)域和維護(hù)集中的維護(hù)端點(diǎn),其發(fā)送CCM報(bào)文的時(shí)間間隔必須相同。 CCM PDU的Flag域定義了2個(gè)信息單元。 MSB LSB 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 RDI 保留(0) 周期 • RDI:遠(yuǎn)端故障指示。比特位8置為1時(shí)指示RDI,否則它置為0。 • 周期:比特3到1指示傳輸周期,其編碼如下所示。 標(biāo)記[3:1] 周期值 說(shuō)明 000 無(wú)效數(shù)值 對(duì)CCM PDU為無(wú)效數(shù)值 001 3.33ms 每秒300幀 010 10ms 每秒100幀 011 100ms 每秒10幀 100 1s 每秒1幀 101 10s 每分鐘6幀 110 1min 每分鐘1幀 111 10min 每小時(shí)6幀 2. 環(huán)回功能
環(huán)回功能類似于IP層的ping功能,用于驗(yàn)證本地設(shè)備與遠(yuǎn)端設(shè)備之間的連接狀態(tài)。該功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式是:由維護(hù)端點(diǎn)發(fā)送LBM(Loopback Message,環(huán)回報(bào)文)給遠(yuǎn)端維護(hù)點(diǎn),根據(jù)能否接收到對(duì)端反饋的LBR(Loopback Replay,環(huán)回應(yīng)答報(bào)文)來(lái)檢驗(yàn)鏈路狀態(tài)。LBM和LBR是單播報(bào)文,它們的接收情況反映了兩點(diǎn)間的鏈路是否連通。 LBM PDU的Flag字段全部置零。TLV類型字段數(shù)值是3(Data TLV)或者32(Test TLV)。 LBR PDU中的相應(yīng)字段都是從LBM PDU中復(fù)制而來(lái)。 3. 鏈路跟蹤功能
鏈路跟蹤功能用于確定源端到目標(biāo)維護(hù)端點(diǎn)的路徑。該功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式是:由源端發(fā)送LTM(Linktrace Message,鏈路跟蹤報(bào)文)給目標(biāo)維護(hù)端點(diǎn),目標(biāo)維護(hù)端點(diǎn)及LTM經(jīng)過(guò)的維護(hù)中間點(diǎn)接收到該報(bào)文后,發(fā)送LTR(Linktrace Reply,鏈路跟蹤應(yīng)答報(bào)文)給源端,源端根據(jù)收到的應(yīng)答報(bào)文確定到目標(biāo)維護(hù)端點(diǎn)的路徑。LTM是組播報(bào)文,LTR是單播報(bào)文。 • LTM PDU
Flag字段僅使用第8位(UseFDBonly),其他全部置為0. If UseFDBonly is set, indicates that only MAC addresses learned in a Bridge's Filtering Database, and not information saved in the MIP CCM Database, is to be used to determine the Egress Port. LTM PDU的Additional LTM TLVs必須包含 --LTM Egress Identifier TLV(type=7) 可能包含 --Sender ID TLV(type=2) --Organization-Specific TLV(type=31) • LTR PDU
Reply TTL(1 octet)包含LTR為之發(fā)送的LTM的TTL字段的數(shù)值再遞減1。(One less than the value from the LTM TTL field in the LTM that triggered the transmission of this LTR. If the LTM TTL field contained a 0, no LTR is transmitted.) Flag字段定義如下: ================================== Mnemonic Meaning Bit UseFDBonly Copied from LTM. 8 (MSB) FwdYes The LTM was (1) or was not (0) forwarded. 7 TerminalMEP The MP reported in Reply Egress TLV(or Reply Ingress TLV, if it is not present) is a MEP. 6 Reserved Copied from LTM. 5 - 1 ================================== LTR PDU的Additional LTR TLVs必須包含 --LTR Egress Identifier TLV(8) --Reply Ingress TLV(5)和Reply Egress TLV(6)中的任意1個(gè)或者全部 可能包含 --Sender ID TLV(type=2) --Organization-Specific TLV(type=31) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Y.1731
Y.1731的CFM部分和802.1ag基本相同,只是使用的一些術(shù)語(yǔ)有區(qū)別。 ===================== Y.1731術(shù)語(yǔ) 802.1ag術(shù)語(yǔ) MEG MA MEGID MAID MEG等級(jí) MA 等級(jí) ===================== 另外CFM部分增加了例如ETH-AIS,ETH-LCK等。 4. ETH-AIS以太網(wǎng)告警指示信號(hào)
告警抑制功能用來(lái)減少故障告警的上報(bào)數(shù)量。如果維護(hù)端點(diǎn)在3.5個(gè)CCM報(bào)文發(fā)送周期內(nèi)未收到遠(yuǎn)端維護(hù)端點(diǎn)發(fā)來(lái)的CCM報(bào)文,便開(kāi)始周期性地發(fā)送AIS(Alarm Indication Signal,告警指示信號(hào))報(bào)文,該報(bào)文地發(fā)送方向與CCM報(bào)文相反。維護(hù)端點(diǎn)在收到AIS報(bào)文后,會(huì)抑制本端的故障告警,并繼續(xù)發(fā)送AIS報(bào)文。各維護(hù)端點(diǎn)如果在3.5個(gè)CCM報(bào)文發(fā)送周期內(nèi)重新收到了CCM報(bào)文,便停止發(fā)送AIS報(bào)文。AIS報(bào)文是組播報(bào)文。 The alarm indication signal suppresses alarms at the client-layer MEPs after detecting a fault or an AIS condition at the server-layer MEP. The operator can enable or disable the AIS functionality for a MEP. If AIS is enabled and a fault or AIS condition is detected at a MEP, AIS frames are transmitted to the client-layer MEPs in the direction opposite to the peer MEP. On receiving the AIS frame, the client-layer MEP suppresses its fault alarms. 5. ETH-LCK 以太網(wǎng)鎖定信號(hào)
以太網(wǎng)鎖定信號(hào)功能(ETH-LCK)用于通告服務(wù)器層(子層)MEP的管理性鎖定以及隨后的數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù) 流中斷,該業(yè)務(wù)流是送往期待接收這業(yè)務(wù)流的MEP的。它使得接收帶有ETH-LCK信息的幀的MEP能區(qū)分是故障情況,還是服務(wù)器層(子層)MEP的管理性鎖定動(dòng)作。 Y.1731增加了PM(Performance Monitoring)功能。
用于性能監(jiān)測(cè)的OAM功能可以測(cè)量不同的性能參數(shù)。性能參數(shù)是針對(duì)點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)的ETH連接來(lái)定義的。 1. ETH-LM 幀丟失率的測(cè)量 Frame Loss Measurement for Frame Loss Ratio - is used to collect values applicable for ingress and egress service frames where the counters maintain a count of transmitted and received data frames between a pair of MEPs. ETH-LM可以以兩種方式進(jìn)行: • 單端的ETH-LM 其實(shí)現(xiàn)方式是由源端發(fā)送LMM(Loss Measurement Message,丟包測(cè)量報(bào)文)報(bào)文給目標(biāo)維護(hù)端點(diǎn),目標(biāo)維護(hù)端點(diǎn)收到該報(bào)文后,會(huì)發(fā)送LMR(Loss Measurement Reply,丟包測(cè)量應(yīng)答)報(bào)文給源端,源端則根據(jù)兩個(gè)連續(xù)的LMR報(bào)文來(lái)計(jì)算源端和目標(biāo)維護(hù)端點(diǎn)間的丟包數(shù),即源端從收到第二個(gè)LMR報(bào)文開(kāi)始,根據(jù)本LMR報(bào)文和前一個(gè)LMR報(bào)文的統(tǒng)計(jì)計(jì)數(shù)來(lái)計(jì)算源端和目標(biāo)維護(hù)端點(diǎn)間的丟包數(shù)。LMM報(bào)文和LMR報(bào)文都是單播報(bào)文。 • 雙端的ETH-LM 每個(gè)MEP向它對(duì)等的MEP周期地發(fā)送帶有ETH-LM信息幀,以便于對(duì)等MEP的幀丟失測(cè)量。 用于雙端ETH-LM信息的PDU是CCM PDU。 2. ETH-DM 幀時(shí)延的測(cè)量
ETH-DM 可用于測(cè)量幀時(shí)延和幀時(shí)延變化。 ETH-DM can be used for on-demand OAM to measure frame delay and frame delay variation. Frame delay and frame delay variation measurements are performed by sending periodic frames with ETH-DM information to the peer MEP and receiving frames with ETH-DM information from the peer MEP during the diagnostic interval. ETH-DM可以以兩種方式進(jìn)行: • 單向ETH-DM MEP發(fā)送帶有ETH-DM信息的幀1DM PDU(One-way Delay Measurement,單向時(shí)延測(cè)量),其中包含TxTimestampf(ETH-DM傳輸時(shí)的時(shí)戳)信息單元。 接收的MEP可以將這一數(shù)值與ETH-DM幀的接收時(shí)間RxTimef進(jìn)行比較,并按下式計(jì)算單向的幀時(shí)延: 幀時(shí)延 = RxTimef - TxTimeStampf 但是,單向幀時(shí)延的測(cè)量需要發(fā)送端MEP和接收端MEP的時(shí)鐘同步。就幀時(shí)延變化的測(cè)量而言,它基于前后幀時(shí)延測(cè)量之間的差值,對(duì)于時(shí)鐘同步的要求可以放松,因?yàn)樵谇昂髱瑫r(shí)延測(cè)量的差別中,相位差的間隔可以抵消。 • 雙向ETH-DM 最通常情況下,要求時(shí)鐘同步是不實(shí)際的,這時(shí)幀時(shí)延測(cè)量將只能在雙向測(cè)量中進(jìn)行。 MEP發(fā)送一個(gè)帶有ETH-DM請(qǐng)求信息的幀DMM(Delay Measurement Message,時(shí)延測(cè)量報(bào)文)報(bào)文,它攜帶TxTimeStampf,同時(shí)接收端MEP以1個(gè)帶有ETH-DM回復(fù)信息幀DMR(Delay Measurement Reply,時(shí)延測(cè)量應(yīng)答)PDU進(jìn)行回應(yīng),回復(fù)幀中有從ETH-DM請(qǐng)求信息中復(fù)制來(lái)的TxTimeStampf。MEP接收該帶有ETH-DM回復(fù)信息的幀,將TxTimeStampf與ETH-DM回復(fù)信息幀的接收時(shí)間RxTimeb進(jìn)行比較,并按下式進(jìn)行雙向幀時(shí)延和雙向幀時(shí)延變化的測(cè)量: 幀時(shí)延 = RxTimeb - TxTimeStampf 本文來(lái)自CSDN博客,轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)標(biāo)明出處:http://blog.csdn.net/fw0124/archive/2010/08/23/5831096.aspx
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