研究新高考詞匯及作文復(fù)習(xí)模式 尋求英語(yǔ)教學(xué)新突破
各位老師，大家好！
我代表高考研究小組就二輪復(fù)習(xí)中如何加強(qiáng)詞匯復(fù)習(xí)和寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)方面，提出以下建議：
在高三英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)中，詞匯復(fù)習(xí)是重頭戲。因?yàn)樵~匯是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)，如果學(xué)生沒(méi)有一定的詞匯基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)他們的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)能力的培養(yǎng)就無(wú)從談起。在一定程度上，詞匯量決定著學(xué)生英語(yǔ)水平的高低。如何指導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯的有效復(fù)習(xí)，在高考中取得理想成績(jī)這一問(wèn)題一直困繞著高中英語(yǔ)老師。原因是詞匯復(fù)習(xí)是一項(xiàng)煩瑣的工作，不好操作, 費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力，弄不好事倍功半。 但是如果詞匯量少，勢(shì)必影響著所有題目的得分，因此在二輪復(fù)習(xí)中指導(dǎo)學(xué)生科學(xué)的記憶單詞仍是重中之重。新課標(biāo)要求學(xué)生掌握的詞匯量是3500個(gè)。3500個(gè)單詞和短語(yǔ)的記憶對(duì)于不少高三學(xué)生來(lái)講都是個(gè)巨大的難點(diǎn)。如果只是按傳統(tǒng)的方式訂一本詞匯書(shū)，讓學(xué)生去死記硬背這些單詞，效果非常不理想。更糟糕的是巨大的畏難情緒會(huì)讓許多學(xué)生在最后三個(gè)月的復(fù)習(xí)中徹底敗下陣來(lái)。那么在二輪復(fù)習(xí)中，我們?cè)撊绾芜M(jìn)行詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)呢？
第一部分：詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)
一． 二輪詞匯復(fù)習(xí)的原則
二輪復(fù)習(xí)講究的是費(fèi)時(shí)少，見(jiàn)效快。所以我們首先要充分研究考試說(shuō)明和考試大綱，對(duì)詞匯知識(shí)做到：點(diǎn)連成線，線組成面，面結(jié)成網(wǎng)，構(gòu)架起較為完整的知識(shí)體系，使詞匯知識(shí)系統(tǒng)化，條理化，科學(xué)化。作到練中求變，能力至上。二輪詞匯復(fù)習(xí)的主線應(yīng)該是詞匯+閱讀，因?yàn)樵~匯的鞏固必須靠閱讀去鞏固，靠閱讀去形成能力。方式就是運(yùn)用多種方法，進(jìn)行滾動(dòng)式復(fù)習(xí)，堅(jiān)持細(xì)水長(zhǎng)流的原則。主材料是考綱詞匯表，輔助材料是自編的各種資料。
二輪復(fù)習(xí)中，我們首先要做到對(duì)詞匯進(jìn)行分類(lèi)，可以把分為識(shí)記詞匯和重點(diǎn)詞匯。識(shí)記詞匯只要認(rèn)識(shí)即可，只要用于閱讀。重點(diǎn)詞匯要求學(xué)生必須掌握其用法，能在單選和寫(xiě)作中靈活運(yùn)用。
二． 二輪詞匯復(fù)習(xí)的方法
高考語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)的考查有以下幾個(gè)明顯的特點(diǎn)：
1)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞，突出重點(diǎn)。
2）語(yǔ)境仿真，講究活用。高考語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)題有很高的效度和區(qū)分度主要原因是高考題的語(yǔ)境真實(shí)，能有效地測(cè)試考生掌握詞匯內(nèi)涵和分析語(yǔ)境的能力。
3)考點(diǎn)全面，分布合理。
4)設(shè)題靈活，干擾加大。高考語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)題中有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的是根據(jù)學(xué)生的思維定勢(shì)而設(shè)計(jì)的“陷阱題”，命題人主要通過(guò)增加句子的復(fù)雜程度、改變句子的正常結(jié)構(gòu)、利用相似易混的句式結(jié)構(gòu)等來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)干擾信息，誤導(dǎo)學(xué)生的思維。
基于高考題詞匯題的這些出題特點(diǎn)，下列的方法是大家可以去嘗試的：
（一） 循環(huán)復(fù)習(xí)法
做好對(duì)詞匯的篩選之后，可以把單詞按一定的數(shù)量分成固定的幾部分，讓學(xué)生去記憶，分組的好處在于，學(xué)生感覺(jué)詞匯較少，在心里上比較容易接受，這有助于記憶效率的提高。例如：根據(jù)考綱詞匯我們按字母表的順序編印了20個(gè)小的模塊，每個(gè)模塊都包括單詞20個(gè)左右，詞組15個(gè)左右，翻譯句子10個(gè)。每天一個(gè)模塊，學(xué)生感覺(jué)比較輕松，從檢測(cè)的情況來(lái)看，學(xué)生任務(wù)完成得很好，詞匯達(dá)標(biāo)率很高。下面展示的是第一模塊的內(nèi)容：
第1模塊
1. 單詞互譯: （已經(jīng)對(duì)單詞進(jìn)行了分類(lèi)）
1) 放棄,遺棄,沉溺 2) 能力; 才能
3)abstract 4) accelerate
5) 陪伴;陪同;伴隨;附帶 6) accumulate
7) acurate 8) n.完成;成就;偉績(jī)
9) acknowledge 10) 積極的;活躍的
11) 實(shí)際的; 現(xiàn)實(shí)的; 實(shí)在的 12) admireable
13) adventure 14) 主張,提倡
15) aggressive 16) alarm
17) 替換的; 供選擇的 18) 業(yè)余的,業(yè)余愛(ài)好者
19) ambiguious 20) 雄心;志氣;野心
2. 短語(yǔ)及詞組:
1)首先; 首要 2) 缺課
3) 全神貫注于某事 4)有機(jī)會(huì)接近
5) 偶然;無(wú)意中 6) 把…考慮進(jìn)去
7) 指責(zé)/指控某人(做)某事 8) 習(xí)慣于; 經(jīng)常
9) 通過(guò); 使…被理解 10) 擔(dān)任;充當(dāng);扮演
11) 采取行動(dòng) 12) 適應(yīng)于
13)增加(添) 14)對(duì)…癮; 對(duì)…入迷
15) 被…錄取入學(xué)/收留住院 16)在前頭;預(yù)(事)先
17).比…占優(yōu)勢(shì);勝過(guò)… 18)建議別人做某事
19)建議別人如何做 20) 不敢做
21)容貌與年齡相符 22) 同意;與…一致;
23)比…高;優(yōu)于; 超過(guò) 24) 瞄準(zhǔn);目的在于
25)允許做某事 26) 考慮到;對(duì)…體諒
3. 翻譯句子：
1) 火非常快地在酒店里蔓延，但是那里的每個(gè)人都能夠逃了出來(lái)。(be able to)
2) 煙火給節(jié)日的夜晚增加了美麗。(add to)
3) 我收到了他送的禮物,但是我不準(zhǔn)備接受。(accept)
4) 這本書(shū)是年輕讀者容易懂的。 (accesible)
5)要是考慮到這個(gè)事實(shí)，我認(rèn)為他做得確實(shí)很好了。(account)
6) 沒(méi)有人能夠不努力而有所成就。(achievement)
7) 在農(nóng)村現(xiàn)在許多人看不起病。(afford)
8) 因?yàn)樗鲁鲥e(cuò)，所以她不敢說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。(afraid)
9) 你認(rèn)為雨將會(huì)影響足球比賽的結(jié)果嗎?(affect)
10) 他所說(shuō)的話幾乎沒(méi)有價(jià)值。(almost)
第2模塊
1. 單詞英漢互譯:
1) 有趣的;可笑的 2) analyze
3) anecdote 4) ancient
5) annual 6) 焦慮,掛念,擔(dān)心,渴望
7) 明顯的,表面上的;顯然 8) appearance
9) applaud 10) 申請(qǐng)人,應(yīng)征者
11)article 12) n.途徑; 方法v.靠近,接近
13) arbitrary 14) 運(yùn)動(dòng)員
15) 安排;布置; 處理 16) artificial
17) aspect 18) assistance
19) assume 20) atmosphere
21) attach 22) authentic
23) 觀眾;聽(tīng)眾 24) authority
25) available 26) awkward
2. 短語(yǔ)及詞組:
1) 為某事而生氣 2) 發(fā)表聲明;下通知
3) 相繼；順次 4) 負(fù)責(zé); 保證; 償還
5) 為…而憂慮或擔(dān)心 6) 無(wú)論何處也不;根本不
7) 除了…之外什么都是/行/可以; 絕不;根本不 8) 因某事向某人道歉
9) 吸引;引起興趣;求助于;申訴;上訴 10) 合某人的口味 (心意)
11) 填寫(xiě)…的申請(qǐng)表 12) 申請(qǐng)(希望獲得的事物)
13) 經(jīng)/未經(jīng)…的批準(zhǔn) 14) 為某事和某人吵架
15) 贊成,贊同；滿(mǎn)意 16) 幾乎;差不多
17) 盡某人最大努力 18) 因…感到羞恥/慚愧
19) (暫時(shí))把…放在一邊; 儲(chǔ)蓄;保留 20) 與…有聯(lián)系;與…聯(lián)系在一起
21) 試圖做某事 22) 服侍;照料; 陪;隨從
23) 注意; 留心 24) 對(duì)…采取強(qiáng)硬的態(tài)度
25) 通常 26) 知道;意識(shí)到
3. 翻譯句子：
1)想到我們已經(jīng)浪費(fèi)了不知多少時(shí)間,我便很懊惱。（annoy）
2) 設(shè)想一下再過(guò)十年我們國(guó)家將是什么樣子。(another)
3) 這本書(shū)提供了一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的好方法。(approach)
4) 史密斯是那樣一種人，從表面上看很友好,但很難相處(appear)
5) 你能幫我這個(gè)忙，我會(huì)很感激的.(appreciate)
6) 恐怕你父母也不會(huì)同意你去那邊。(afraid)
7) 事故往往起因于粗心。(arise)
8) 他一到達(dá),就受到他們的熱烈歡迎。(arrival)
9) 盡管他還是個(gè)孩子,他就不得不自己謀生了。(as)
10) 隨著時(shí)間的推移,他開(kāi)始意識(shí)到他本該好好學(xué)習(xí)的。(as)
這兩個(gè)模塊復(fù)習(xí)的主要是字母A部分的單詞。為了強(qiáng)化每個(gè)字母的復(fù)習(xí)，我們可以把里面較難的考綱詞匯篩選出來(lái)，制作了22組詞匯，主要是用于閱讀的考綱詞匯，讓學(xué)生進(jìn)一步識(shí)記。下面是第一組：
第一組：
1.accountant
2.abortion
3.accelerate
4.accuracy
5. acquaintance
6.accommodation
7.administration
8.adore
9. agenda
10.album
11.allergic
12.allocate
13.allowance
14.alphabetical
15.alcohol
鞏固練習(xí)：
1.The abortion of the plan shocked us.
2.Most people who travel in the course of their work are given traveling _______ .
A. income B. wages C. allowances
3.My _____ for today starts with cleaning the room.
A. agent B. agency C. agenda
4.______ by ticket only.
A. Admit B. Admission C. Permission
5.The Bush Administration is war-like.
6.They ____ a certain amount of working experience
through voluntary work.
A. accomplished B. attempted C. accumulated
7.I hope I will not be called on in class as I am not yet _____ prepared.
A. attentively B. actively C. readily D. adequately
第二組：
1.amateur
2. ambulance
3. ancestor
4.anecdote
5.ankle
6.antique
7.appropriate
8.artificial
9.appendix
10.assessment
11.association
12.assumption
13.automatic
14.awesome
15.applicant
鞏固練習(xí)：
1.artificial rain
2.an antique shop
3.an automatic washing-machine
4.The use of water is becoming tense in north China and the government ______ that we should save water in our daily life.
A. advocates B. distributes C. adores D. declines
5.Can you tell me some ______ about Mark Twain?
A. antiques B. anecdotes C. ancestors
6.Let’s form a(n) ______ to help blind people.
A. assumption B. assessment C. association
這是第二遍復(fù)習(xí)，第三遍是英譯漢練習(xí)，這一練習(xí)有兩個(gè)目的，一個(gè)是幫助學(xué)生識(shí)記詞匯，一個(gè)目的是練習(xí)閱讀表達(dá)題的英譯漢題。這一練習(xí)也是按字母表排列的。下面是字母A的20個(gè)英譯漢句子。
A
1. My parents thought it was abnormal for a boy to be interested in ballet.
2. The government should abolish income tax for the low-paid.
3. He woke up abruptly as though someone had called his name.
4. She abused her position as principal by giving jobs to her friends.
5. Exposure to the sun can accelerate the aging process.
6. Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.
7. I must ask you to accompany me to the police station.
8. We have accomplished all we set out to do.
9. Dust had accumulated during the week she was gone.
10. Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behavior.
11. A good salesperson has to be aggressive in today’s competitive market.
12. Our task is to decide the best way to allocate scarce resources.
13. There was no alternative but to close the road until February.
14. It had been my lifelong ambition to coach a leading team.
15. There was a concert to mark the 10th anniversary of Mandela’s release from jail.
16. An announcement made by the Ministry seemed to contradict this.
17. Choose dialogues that are appropriate to your teaching situation.
18. I’m supposed to submit the application for a loan before the end of the week.
19. The rice crops this year is 10 percent above the average
20. Her adventures in Africa are exciting.
第三遍是填詞練習(xí)，仍然是按字母表順序來(lái)排列的。以字母A為例。
用詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
字母A
|
access adapt account absent accuse abandon absorb acquaintance accustomed absolutely
|
1. He ________himself to despair.
2. So _______was he that Nathalie hadn’t dared to make a sound.
3. ____Do you think I should forgive him?
_____ not.
4. Many divorced fathers only have ____ to their children at weekends.
5. He has behaved in the most extraordinary way; I can’t _____ for his actions at all.
6. I don’t think anyone can _____ me of not being frank.
7. Of course I’m not ____ to associating with people like you.
8. Most students have little difficulty _____ to college life.
|
adjust addicted agree addition acknowledge adequate age advantage adopt acquire
|
9. He is widely ___ to be the best player in the world.
10. I don’t want the kids getting ____ to stupid TV programs.
11. In ______to the twins, Jason has another child by his first wife.
12. ______to the tropical heat was more difficult than they had expected.
13. The courts have been asked to ____a more flexible approach to young offenders.
14. I took ______ of the good weather to paint the shed.
15. The police are looking for a man _____ between 30 and 35.
16. I don’t think the food here ____with me.
|
adore aim annoy alongside amount alike alive admit annual answer
|
17. She _____having driven the car without insurance.
18. The visit was ________at expanding relations between the two countries.
19. The twins are so ____ I can’t tell which is which.
20. The game really came _____after 25 minutes when Rogers scored.
21. Just at the moment another car drew up ____ ours.
22. Two dates in nine years hardly _____ to an active social life.
23. You have to ______for any errors in the calculations.
24. He was _____by her apparent indifference.
|
apply appeal anything approve appreciate apart appointment approach anxiety
|
25. Unfortunately, our hosts were ____but friendly.
26. The essay is good ____from a couple of spelling mistakes.
27. The magazine is intended to ____ to working women in their 20s and 30s.
28. The questions on this part of the form only ____ to married men.
29. If you fail to keep the dentist’s ____ you’ll have to pay for it.
30. I would ___- it if you would turn the music down.
31. The school has decided to adopt a different ___ to discipline.
32. She doesn’t want to take her new boyfriend home in case her parents don’t ___ of him.
|
available arise aware arm associate attach aside assumption arrange ashamed
|
33. Did anything interesting ____from the meeting？
34. She came to the meeting___ with all the facts and figures to prove us wrong.
35. Robbie had ____ for this man to come whenever needed.
36. They’ll have to put ____ their political differences and find a solution.
37. His problems were ___with heavy drinking.
38. They rented the old house on the ___ that the landlord would paint it.
39. Most people are well _____ of the dangers of smoking.
40. Both her parents ____ great importance to education.
第四遍是熟詞生義。今年高考題中仍然出現(xiàn)了對(duì)熟詞生義的考查，所以在復(fù)習(xí)中挖掘考綱詞匯中的熟詞生義也是一個(gè)必做的內(nèi)容。仍然以字母A為例。
熟詞生義系列系列練習(xí)1：
1. absent
He looked at me in an absent way. (茫然的,恍惚的)
2. abuse
She is quite a successful career woman, but actually she’s much abused at home.(虐待)
3. accommodate
This hotel can accommodate more than 500 guests. (容納)
He accommodated me when I asked him for change.(準(zhǔn)予，提供)
4. ache
He was aching for home. (渴望)
5. act
It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act. (起作用)
6. address
It is said that our headmaster will address the meeting. (向…發(fā)表演說(shuō),直接對(duì)…講話)
7. acknowledge
He acknowledged me by lifting his hat. (對(duì)…打招呼)
8. across
The two roads cut across each other. (與…交叉)
9. advance
She asked for an advance on her salary. (預(yù)付款)
Share prices showed significant advances today. (增加)
10. advise
Please advise us of the arrival of the goods. (建議)
11. against
The picture looks nice against the white wall. (映襯)
12. age
Worry aged him rapidly. (使…變老)
13. air
Don’t air your troubles too often. (抒發(fā),傾訴)
There was a comfortable air about her room. (樣子,神態(tài),氣氛)
14. alive
The streets are alive with people. (充滿(mǎn))
15. allow
Your plan allows only 5 minutes for transferring. Can we manage? (為了…預(yù)計(jì),估計(jì))
16. alone
She alone was able to answer the question. (僅僅,只有)
17. amount
What you have said amounts to a plain refusal. (相當(dāng)于)
18. announce
A warm sunshine announces the coming of spring. (顯示,預(yù)告)
19. appreciate
I appreciate that I may be wrong. (意識(shí)到)
This land has appreciated in value. (漲價(jià),抬高…的價(jià)格)
20. arrival
All stood up to welcome the new arrival. (到達(dá)的人或物)
21. attend
The nurse attended to him day and night. (看護(hù),治療)
22. arrest
The new medicine arrested the spread of the disease. (停止,阻止)
經(jīng)過(guò)這幾遍的循環(huán),學(xué)生對(duì)于正在復(fù)習(xí)的詞匯可以真正做到想不掌握都難。
（二） 模塊復(fù)習(xí)法
運(yùn)用模塊復(fù)習(xí)法復(fù)習(xí)詞匯是一個(gè)有效的方法，例如我們可以采用搭配聯(lián)想法，形式聯(lián)想法，詞序聯(lián)想法等把單詞分成很多模塊，模塊中的內(nèi)容具有某些相同點(diǎn)和內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。而且，高考題在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，題目中給出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)往往也具有某方面的相似點(diǎn)，因此這種模塊復(fù)習(xí)法對(duì)復(fù)習(xí)單詞的好處是不言而喻的。例如：
詞匯模塊一：（搭配聯(lián)想法）
◆如time的搭配短語(yǔ)考綱中出現(xiàn)的有：in no time\on time\in time\at a time\behind the times\behind time\at one time\for a time\at othe r times\at times\at all times
（高考題鏈接）If you keep on,you will succeed_____________.A.in time B.at one time C.on time D.at the same time
（高考題鏈接）Don't all speak at once!___________,please.A.Each at on time B.One by one time C.One for each time D.One at a time
◆常用的搭配活躍的介詞、副詞: 搭配活躍的介詞、副詞有：in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，我們要從不同動(dòng)詞、名詞等與同一介詞、副詞搭配進(jìn)行逐一過(guò)關(guān)。例如，考綱中on與名詞搭配（注意冠詞的取舍）主要有： on duty\on business\on fire\on show\on time\on strike\on watch\on sale\on earth\on journey\on foot\on purpose\on the way\on the contrary\on one hand\on the right\on the whole\on one's own\on one's side\on holiday/leave\later on\from now/then on\on account of
（高考題鏈接）We offered him our congratulations_______his passing the college entrance exams. A.at B.on C.for D.of
（高考題鏈接）A new school was___________in the village last year. A.held up B.set up C.sent up D.brought up
◆與介詞to搭配的有
devote to\look forward to\contribute to\belong to \object to\be opposed to\refer to\get used to\be accustomed to\adapt to \adjust to\stick to\get down to\pay attention to \lead to\turn to \be addicted to\be abondaned to\attached importance tdevote to\ prefer ..to
關(guān)于動(dòng)詞詞組，大家都知道它們都是高考中的熱點(diǎn),常用的搭配活躍的動(dòng)詞有：look,take,make,give,get,have,go,do,turn,put,set,come等。如turn一詞：turn on\turn off\turn up\turn down\turn in\turn against\turn out\turn away。按照主動(dòng)詞歸類(lèi)以后，結(jié)合高考題的出題特點(diǎn)還要對(duì)與動(dòng)詞搭配較活躍的介詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞詞組進(jìn)行歸類(lèi)。例如：與on的搭配動(dòng)詞詞組有： get on\live on\feed on\take on\turn on\look on\spy on\call on\go on\have on\depend on\wait on\carry on\hold on\insi st on\play tricks on\fix on\impress on
（高考題鏈接）Would you mind__________your radio a little? A.turn off B.turning off C.to turn down D.turning down
（高考題鏈接）Readers can_______quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A.get over B.get out of C.get away D.get off
所以我們對(duì)于動(dòng)詞詞組的復(fù)習(xí)，也把它們單獨(dú)作為一個(gè)模塊，我們一共歸納整理了28組模塊練習(xí)，特別要指出的是，動(dòng)詞詞組的復(fù)習(xí)一定要結(jié)合句子進(jìn)行。
28組動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)模塊系列練習(xí)1：
1. add to \add up to
(1)This of course ______our difficulties.
(2)The figures ______360.
(3)I don’t think these facts will _____ anything.
(4)The music _____ our enjoyment of the film.
2.break away from \ break in\break off break into \ break down break out \break up
(1)The thief ________ the police and ran into the woods.
(2)Don’t ___________ while others are speaking.
(3)Then the car I was in _________, so I had to walk home.
(4)A house was ______________ between midnight and 4 a.m.
(5)Excuse me for _____________ like this , said the headmaster.
(6)We thought it was time to _________ the talk.
(7)A big fire ___________ in the town last night.
(8)After ten years of hard work, his health is__________.
(9)The meeting __________ without result.
(10)When does school___________?
3. bring about \ bring down \ bring in bring out \ bring up \bring back
(1)The wind _____ a lot of trees last night.
(2)Xiao Li was ______ by his uncle in Shanghai.
(3)How can we _____ the price?
(4)This story ______ my unhappy childhood.
(5)This _____ a change in the balance of force.
(6)Farmers in the south have also ______ good crops.
(7)Next month they will ________ a new edition of book.
(8)Does anyone want to ____ anything further?
4. call at \call for\call in \call off \call on \call out\call up\call up
（1）He was ______ right at the beginning of the war.
(2)Doctors are often ______ in the middle of the night.
(3)The sports meet was ______ on account of the rain.
(4)The next day I went to ______ her again.
(5)He insisted that we should _____ a specialist at this point.
(6)The librarian has _____ all the books.
(7)Please wait for me at home. I’ll _____ you at your house at seven tonight.
(8)The train ______ several big cities between Beijing and Guangzhou.
詞匯模塊二：（形式聯(lián)想法）:
例1：有無(wú)-ly的詞:
wide\widely,deep\deeply,high\highly,low\lowly ，close\closely
near\nearly,hard\hardly,most\mostly,like\likely,dear\dearly,late\lately,bad\badly
例二:具有兩種形式的易混動(dòng)詞
hang,hanged,hanged（絞死）hang,hung,hung（掛起）
light,lit,lit（點(diǎn)燃，作謂語(yǔ)）light,lighted,lighted（過(guò)去分詞作形容詞用時(shí)，意謂"燃燒著的"，作定語(yǔ)）
drink,drank,drunk/drunken（喝，飲；過(guò)去分詞作形容詞同時(shí)，意謂"醉的"，drunk多作表語(yǔ)，drunke n多作定語(yǔ)）
sink,sank,sunk/sunken（下沉；過(guò)去分詞sunken作形容詞用時(shí)，作定語(yǔ)）
bear,bore,born（出生）bear,bore,borne（結(jié)果；生育）The woman,who was born in 1940,has borne five children.
lie（撒謊）, lied, lied, lying lie（躺，臥，位于），lay, lain, lying
（高考題鏈接）Do you know the boy___________under the big tree?
A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying
詞匯模塊三：（用法聯(lián)想法）：
例一:含"被動(dòng)"意味的動(dòng)詞
sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook,let（出租）等，它們表示主語(yǔ)的固有特征和狀態(tài)，與行為方式狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，要用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義：
（高考題鏈接）That suit_________over 60 dollars.
A.had costed B.costed C.is cost D.cost
（高考題鏈接）"Is this raincoat yours?""No,mine____there behind the door."
A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung
例二:既可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又可作系動(dòng)詞的詞：
sound，smell，taste，get，become，turn，grow，come，fall，go，remain，look，appear，seem
例三:表示“計(jì)劃去做而結(jié)果不一定能實(shí)現(xiàn)”的動(dòng)詞有intend，mean，hope，plan，expect，think，want，suppose
詞匯模塊四：（近義詞聯(lián)想法）
經(jīng)過(guò)一輪復(fù)習(xí),基于學(xué)生的詞匯積累,運(yùn)用近義詞法進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)也是非常有效的。這一組詞我們按意思整理了150個(gè)詞匯。例如前10個(gè)是：
1. His dictionary remained on his desk.（留下）
His dictionary was left on his desk.
2. The school offers the teachers all kinds of teaching aids.(提供)
The school provides/ supplies the teachers with all kinds of teaching aids.
3. It took him a long time to talk \argue Mary out of teaming up with Lily.(說(shuō)服…不要)
It took him a long time to persuade/ get round Mary not to team up with Lily.
4. We all take pride in our great motherland. (以…為自豪)
We are all proud of our motherland.
5. Although he was late for school, he escaped being punished.(逃避)
Although he was late for school, he got away with it /got off.
6. What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has given out\run out?(用完)
What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has run out of/ been used up?
7. The smell of the sea called up / brought back memories of my childhood. (使回憶起)
The smell of the sea reminded me of my childhood.
8. He is clearly superior to all the other candidates.(優(yōu)秀的)
He is clearly more excellent/ superb than all the other candidates.
9. Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university.(設(shè)法做成)
Though lacking money, his parents succeeded in sending him to university.
10. Our efforts were finally rewarded.（報(bào)答）
Our efforts finally paid off.
詞匯模塊五：（詞序詞聯(lián)想法）
詞序不同,意思就不同:
before long\long before,turn in\in turn,hand in\in hand,from far\far from,much too\too much,if only\only if,all in\in all,good for\for good
（高考題鏈接）It was__________late to catch a bus after the party,therefore we called a taxi. A.too very B.much too C.too much D.far
詞匯模塊六：（易混詞詞聯(lián)想法）
如:alive\live,asleep\sleep,awake\wake,alike\like,arise\rise,await\wait
(三) 背誦單選題法
為了讓學(xué)生更好地理解和運(yùn)用詞匯，讓學(xué)生提高復(fù)習(xí)效率，老師就要投入到茫茫題海中，去獵取有價(jià)值的東西，然后對(duì)這些東西進(jìn)行精心編排。并指導(dǎo)學(xué)生從詞匯入手，讓學(xué)生去品味經(jīng)典句子，在經(jīng)典的單選題里去了解高考考點(diǎn)，從句子中體會(huì)詞的含義和用法，找語(yǔ)言的規(guī)律。在晨讀時(shí)讓學(xué)生抽出一點(diǎn)時(shí)間去熟練地、正確地讀出帶有空白的句子或短文。如果長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持，用這種方法對(duì)提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)成績(jī)非常有效。也可以讓學(xué)生背誦或默寫(xiě)練習(xí)題中一些重點(diǎn)句子或短文，這樣做可以增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感。所選的句子和短文一部分來(lái)自于近10年的高考題、地區(qū)調(diào)研試題和一些知名學(xué)校高考模擬試題，這些句子具有很好的語(yǔ)境，同時(shí)還具有較強(qiáng)的延伸性，也就是通過(guò)做一個(gè)詞匯練習(xí)題，可以啟發(fā)學(xué)生進(jìn)行聯(lián)想，擴(kuò)展，比較，從而引導(dǎo)學(xué)生形成一個(gè)相對(duì)完整的知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。因此，這樣就大大提高了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效率，從而也減輕了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)。這樣不僅保證了讓學(xué)生“吃得好”，也就保證了讓學(xué)生“吃得精”。對(duì)詞匯的強(qiáng)化練習(xí)和對(duì)其他方面的練習(xí)要合理搭配，根據(jù)不同階段分配好適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間。在一課時(shí)里既安排詞匯練習(xí)，又安排其他方面的練習(xí)也是很好的，這樣能更好地調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的各個(gè)感官參與教學(xué)活動(dòng)，也就避免了課堂的單調(diào)和乏味。老師可以根據(jù)學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況加以調(diào)整。此外對(duì)詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)一定要重落實(shí)、重鼓勵(lì)。對(duì)詞匯復(fù)習(xí)不要留于形式，要落實(shí)到實(shí)處，對(duì)學(xué)生在復(fù)習(xí)中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題要加以研究，對(duì)學(xué)生普遍存在的問(wèn)題要及時(shí)加以處理。對(duì)學(xué)生取得的點(diǎn)滴成績(jī)一定要給予鼓勵(lì)。鼓勵(lì)可以激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的熱情，鼓勵(lì)可以增強(qiáng)學(xué)生克服困難的決心。
歸納復(fù)習(xí)之后，一定再配上高考考點(diǎn)及對(duì)應(yīng)練習(xí)，提高學(xué)生的實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力。詞匯復(fù)習(xí)要著重理解記憶，明確用法，切不要孤立地死記硬背單詞。復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要做到詞不離短語(yǔ)、詞不離句，結(jié)合科學(xué)的練習(xí)方法，不要只停留在概念的記憶上，而要把記憶和使用結(jié)合起來(lái)：
另外，針對(duì)詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)，還應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的詞匯選擇題，以增強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯的甄別能力。詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)決不能孤立地復(fù)習(xí)詞匯，必須配以相應(yīng)的閱讀，在閱讀中給學(xué)生補(bǔ)充高頻詞匯也是一個(gè)非常實(shí)用的做法，如果從一開(kāi)始就堅(jiān)持在閱讀中給學(xué)生補(bǔ)充詞匯，逐漸的你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)生對(duì)于我們補(bǔ)充的這類(lèi)詞匯很感興趣，而且記憶效果非常好。此外還可以結(jié)合閱讀的考查點(diǎn)對(duì)詞匯進(jìn)行歸類(lèi)。只有這樣，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)詞匯復(fù)習(xí)的真正目的，以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的能力。例如：高考閱讀中考查作者態(tài)度的詞匯就可以進(jìn)行歸類(lèi)：
Favorable\supportive \defensive objection /opposition\worried
affection(affectionate)\approval(disapproval)\indifferent
pitying \factual \humorous \critical \rational \decisive
optimistic \pessimistic\impartial \objective \optimistic
positive \subjective \critical\ negative \opposite/opposing prejudiced \pessimistic \ sarcastic \impersonal \neutral
第二部分：寫(xiě)作的復(fù)習(xí)
對(duì)于寫(xiě)作詞匯的處理。這一類(lèi)詞匯我們必須要求學(xué)生會(huì)準(zhǔn)確地拼寫(xiě)，會(huì)準(zhǔn)確的運(yùn)用。
對(duì)于寫(xiě)作詞匯我們可以可以采用的方法有：
一． 翻譯句子
在二輪復(fù)習(xí)中，設(shè)計(jì)翻譯的原則是句式要稍微復(fù)雜一些，而且要結(jié)合一輪復(fù)習(xí)中學(xué)生出錯(cuò)的主要句式，主要詞匯進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。還有句子盡量與高考寫(xiě)作題貼近。對(duì)于翻譯句子，設(shè)計(jì)了兩組翻譯句子，每組大約有200個(gè)，前200句注重核心詞匯的使用，后200句注重寫(xiě)作語(yǔ)境方面的翻譯。
下面是前200個(gè)句子中的例子。
1.我多么希望能在2010年上海世博會(huì)上當(dāng)志愿者。(wish)
2。許多中國(guó)人認(rèn)為劉翔是民族英雄，是中國(guó)人民杰出的代表。(regard)
3。我們要盡快地找出事故的原因，而不是坐在這兒等。(rather than)
4。中國(guó)政府強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)美國(guó)向臺(tái)灣出售先進(jìn)的武器。(against)
5。在日木幾乎每個(gè)人都知道在地震發(fā)生時(shí)該怎么辦。(occur)
6。我認(rèn)為能否實(shí)現(xiàn)理想主要靠努力而不是機(jī)遇。(not…but)
7。顯然兩國(guó)之間的頻繁交流增強(qiáng)了友誼。(obvious)
8。他們決定組織一次演出來(lái)為失學(xué)兒童籌款。(raise)
9。我覺(jué)得很有必要記住一些代代相傳的諺語(yǔ)。(memorize)
10。聽(tīng)說(shuō)這次展出的幾款汽車(chē)相當(dāng)暢銷(xiāo)。(on display)
后200個(gè)句子舉例：
1． 隨著工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，我們用的資源越多，為將來(lái)剩下的越少。
2． 學(xué)校里這些嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題的確應(yīng)給予更多的關(guān)注。
3． 首先，讓我們對(duì)尊敬的客人亞歷山大先生表示熱烈的歡迎。
4． 在她離開(kāi)之前，請(qǐng)讓我代表全體同學(xué)深深地鞠上一躬來(lái)表達(dá)我們的感激之情。
5． 據(jù)我所知，課下學(xué)習(xí)很有必要和很重要的。
6． 因此沒(méi)有必要擔(dān)心我們傳統(tǒng)文化的消失。
7． 如今，很多人認(rèn)為上大學(xué)是通往美好未來(lái)的唯一出路，但在我看來(lái)，大學(xué)教育是很重要但 并不是必須的。正如一個(gè)著名的俗語(yǔ)所說(shuō)，條條大路同羅馬。
二． 寫(xiě)作必備單詞與詞組
英語(yǔ)中的詞組很多很多，但真正用于寫(xiě)作的并不多。因此，認(rèn)真歸納寫(xiě)作中高頻詞組也是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的方法。例如下列的詞組詞組要求學(xué)生必須會(huì)寫(xiě)。下面展示的就是以字母A開(kāi)頭的詞組：
1. above all
2. add up to
3. advise sb. to do sth
4. after all
5. all of a sudden
6. apart from
7. argue with sb. About sth.
8. as a matter of fact
9. as a result
10. as a whole
11. at any price
12. at one time
13. at present
14. at the latest
15. at the mercy of
16. at the price of
17. be active in
18. be angry with sb. At sth.
19. be anxious about
單詞：寫(xiě)作詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)可以歸納易拼錯(cuò)的常用詞，過(guò)拼寫(xiě)關(guān)。例如下列單詞就是學(xué)生很容易出錯(cuò)的詞匯：
quarrel,immerdiately,camera,umbrella,envelope,develop,popular,republic ,public,appreciate,pronunciation
三． 寫(xiě)作練習(xí)的方法
二輪復(fù)習(xí)中的寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練，建議采用兩種方法，一種是根據(jù)話題寫(xiě)作，一種是根據(jù)文體進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練。
1. 通過(guò)話題寫(xiě)作
通過(guò)話題進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作，可以使學(xué)生積累大量的相關(guān)詞匯，開(kāi)闊寫(xiě)作的思路。
例如：老年人話題作文
在進(jìn)行這一話題的寫(xiě)作時(shí)，可以給學(xué)生提供常用的詞匯和句式，再結(jié)合具體的要求進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作，講評(píng)時(shí)和學(xué)生一起歸納整理范文中和學(xué)生習(xí)作中優(yōu)秀的句子，讓學(xué)生徹底把握這一話題的寫(xiě)作。
Some words and sentences for this topic：
birth control
if possible
encourage
care for
organize
the aged/ the old/ the senior citizen
an ageing society
physical and mental health
enjoy their rest life
If possible, it is better to spend more time staying with them.
Luckily more attention has been paid to the problem.
As a result of birth control and improvement in medical care, China is becoming an ageing society, which leads to a social problem.
To solve the problem, all the people should do their duties.
Families should care for the aged. They should spare time to see them at times. If possible, it is better to spend more time staying with them.
The community should organize more activities designed to improve their physical and mental health.
The aged are encouraged to share programs such as music, painting. gardening, reading or telling stories. They will feel useful and needed.
The government should build a perfect system, on which every senior citizen can have access to living a happy life
More old folks’ homes should be built, where the aged can enjoy their rest life.
In a world where the number of old is increasing, we need as much understanding and tolerance as possible.
Luckily more attention has been paid to the problem. Perhaps getting old won’t be such a depressing thing in the near future.
還有很多其它的話題，例如：
關(guān)于校園文明與安全問(wèn)題
School rules and regulations(學(xué)校規(guī)章制度),obey(遵守), observe(遵守), keep/observe discipline(遵守紀(jì)律), behave well(表現(xiàn)良好),be neatly dressed(穿戴整潔), respect one’s teachers and parents(尊敬師長(zhǎng)), be on time(準(zhǔn)時(shí)), keep the environment clean(保持環(huán)境干凈), civilized(文明的) break the rules(違反規(guī)章制度), discipline(紀(jì)律), spit(吐痰), throw rubbish everywhere(亂扔垃圾), cheat in the exam(考試作弊), get in line (插隊(duì)), fight with sb.(與…打架), punish sb. for (因…處罰某人)等。
The students are told not to break any of the rules of the school.
學(xué)校要求學(xué)生不要違反任何規(guī)章制度。The students are expected to …
學(xué)校期望學(xué)生…。It must be made clear that the students should …
必須明確的一點(diǎn)是，學(xué)生應(yīng)該…。 … is of no good to a friendly and harmonious society.
…對(duì)創(chuàng)建友好和諧的社會(huì)是毫無(wú)益處的。It is honorable to obey the principles and rules of our school.
遵守學(xué)校的規(guī)章制度是光榮的。It is worthy of praise to ...
…是值得表?yè)P(yáng)的。It is shameful to …
…是可恥的。What we should do is that …
我們應(yīng)該做的事情是…
2. 根據(jù)文體寫(xiě)作
根據(jù)文體進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作，有兩個(gè)目的，一個(gè)是讓學(xué)生熟悉這類(lèi)文體的寫(xiě)作模式，另一方面在進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作時(shí)要注重解決學(xué)生出現(xiàn)的主要問(wèn)題，最好各個(gè)擊破，每次只解決一兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，效果最佳。下面以漫畫(huà)圖表為例：
最近有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)我市高三年級(jí)學(xué)生的生活習(xí)慣和健康狀況進(jìn)行了抽樣調(diào)查，部分項(xiàng)目的調(diào)查結(jié)果如下圖所示。請(qǐng)你簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明圖中的信息并就圖中反映出來(lái)的主要問(wèn)題提出自己的看法和建議。開(kāi)頭已給出。
注意：1．詞數(shù)：120---150左右(不包括已給出部分)；
2．參考詞匯。節(jié)食 go on a diet 睡懶覺(jué) oversleep
這類(lèi)作文因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)較多，學(xué)生最易出現(xiàn)的是句式重復(fù)問(wèn)題。
因此要和學(xué)生一起總結(jié)歸納百分比表達(dá)方式：
◆直接表達(dá)法：
30%的男生喜歡在網(wǎng)上看新聞。
1）30% of the boys like reading news on the Internet.
2）About 3 boys out of \in ten like reading news on the Internet.
3) Reading news on the Internet attracts 30% of the boys.
◆定于\狀語(yǔ)表達(dá)法
令我們感到吃驚的是,許多女生癡迷于網(wǎng)上聊天.
1)To our surprise, a large number of girls are crazy about chatting online , about 35%.
making up \accounting for35%.
which makes up\ accounts for 35%.
with the percentage of 35%.
◆主語(yǔ)+百分比法
用網(wǎng)絡(luò)玩游戲的學(xué)生的百分比高達(dá)40%
And the percentage of the boys who use the Internet to play games is up to 40%.
◆對(duì)比法:
與女孩相比,把網(wǎng)絡(luò)看成是聊天工具的男生要少得多,只有10%.
1)Compared with \to girls , the boys who regard the Internet
as a chatting tool are much fewer , only 10%.
2) Compared with \to girls , the percentage of boys who
regard the Internet as a chatting tool is much lower ,
only 10%.
◆相等
至于學(xué)習(xí),男孩和女孩在網(wǎng)上獲取學(xué)習(xí)信息的數(shù)目是相等的.
1)As for\to study , the number of boys and girls who get
information about study online is equal.
2) As for\to study , the number of boys who get
information about study online is equal to that of the girls.
還要和學(xué)生一起總結(jié)這類(lèi)作文的框架結(jié)構(gòu)和分段技巧。
圖表式作文寫(xiě)作分四段式:
Paragraph1:描敘提供的背景材料,得出初步結(jié)論（總結(jié)句）According to the chart , the purposes of boys and girls who surf the Internet vary greatly.
Paragraph2:分析數(shù)據(jù)間的主要差異及趨勢(shì), 以支持主題,要注意句式變化，避免句式重復(fù),并要注意過(guò)渡。
開(kāi)頭的主題句:
（1）As can be seen from the chart,…（2）As is apparently shown in the chart,…（3）The graph\chart\table\ shows\indicates\ represents\reveals that about 60%of the …
表示變化和過(guò)渡的詞匯：
1）reduce, increase, decrease2）on the increase\decline\rise
3）on the contrary, compared to/ with..., in contrast to\with ,
4）The most striking contrast lies in… 5）As for …
Paragraph3：分析圖表所表明現(xiàn)象的危害或。。。的重要性
Paragraph4： 闡明解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的措施
(1)So it’s time to take positive and effective measures to …
(2)So much attention should be paid to …
最后要給出這類(lèi)作文應(yīng)該注意的問(wèn)題。
寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)圖表作文要注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:
◆不要把所有的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行描述(尤其數(shù)據(jù)較多時(shí))。抓典型,就典型數(shù)字說(shuō)明原因及關(guān)系.
◆尋找重點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù),例如最高值,最大,最小,最低值;學(xué)會(huì)看趨勢(shì)、找規(guī)律、從整體看圖表有何發(fā)展變化。
◆把數(shù)據(jù)分類(lèi)：在歸類(lèi)的過(guò)程中往往需要考生運(yùn)用常識(shí)對(duì)表格的信息進(jìn)行分類(lèi)。
◆適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)用描敘圖表的規(guī)范語(yǔ).
在二輪復(fù)習(xí)中，我們只要肯動(dòng)腦，多鉆研，就一定會(huì)摸索出更好的復(fù)習(xí)方法。我代表高考研究小組預(yù)祝各校在二輪復(fù)習(xí)中取得滿(mǎn)意成績(jī)
謝謝大家！
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