從2002年起，研究生英語考試取消了語法、詞匯等基礎(chǔ)知識的考查，將此部分改考為聽力。但取消了此部分知識點(diǎn)的考查并不意味著英語語法等基礎(chǔ)知識的不重要。根據(jù)以往英語取得高分同學(xué)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和海文英語輔導(dǎo)名師的建議，他們都一致認(rèn)為英語語法和詞匯是學(xué)好、考好英語的重要基礎(chǔ)，其實(shí)完形填空是對語法、詞匯的綜合考查，但更關(guān)鍵的是學(xué)好此部分有助于對英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的分析和理解，有助于學(xué)生掌握靈活多變的句式，這樣不僅有助于學(xué)生做好閱讀理解，而且有助于學(xué)生做好英譯漢，寫好作文。
（一）情態(tài)動詞
一．情態(tài)動詞的現(xiàn)在完成式的用法
情態(tài)動詞現(xiàn)在完成式主要有兩個功能：表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況和表示虛擬語氣。在這兩個方面must/mustn’t,;can/cann’t;need/needn’t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn’t;should/shouldn’t;
ougtht等情態(tài)動詞＋完成式表示的意思是有一定區(qū)別的
1．表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況。
1）must have+過去分詞，表示對已發(fā)生情況的肯定推測，譯為“（昨天）一定……”。如：
My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:” Are you feeling all right?”
[A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be
（答案為C）
2）can’t / couldn’t have+過去分詞，表示對已發(fā)生情況的否定推測，譯為“（昨天）一定沒……”。如：
Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
[A] couldn’t have received [B] ought to have received
[C] has received [D] shouldn’t have received
（答案為A）
3）may / might have +過去分詞，表示對已發(fā)生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推測，或事實(shí)上根本沒發(fā)生，譯為“也許……”。如：
At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.
2．表示虛擬語氣。
1) needn’t have + 過去分詞，表示做了不必做的事，相當(dāng)于”didn’t need to do”,譯為“其實(shí)沒必要……”。如：
You needn’t have come over yourself.
As it turned out to be a small house party, we so formally.
[A] needn’t dress up [B]did not need have dressed up
[C] did not need dress up [D] needn’t have dressed up
(沒有必要穿的那么正式，體現(xiàn)是說話者的建議，實(shí)際結(jié)果是否真的穿的很正式?jīng)]有確定，答案為D)
2）should have +過去分詞，表示應(yīng)該做某事但實(shí)際上未做，譯為“本應(yīng)該……”should not + have過去分詞表示本不應(yīng)該做某事但實(shí)際上做了，譯為“本不應(yīng)該……”。如：
I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.
我本來應(yīng)該事先認(rèn)真地把每件事情規(guī)劃的很好，但實(shí)際上作者還是沒有規(guī)劃好，以至工作沒有完成。
3) ought to have +過去分詞，表示動作按理該發(fā)生了，但實(shí)際上未發(fā)生，譯為“該……”，與should 的完成式含義類似。如：
Ｔhe porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke .
4) could have +過去分詞，表示過去本來可以做但卻未做，譯為“完全可以……”。這點(diǎn)與ought/should/ have +過去分詞用法相似。如：
What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully.
5) may/ might have +過去分詞，表示過去可以做但實(shí)際未做，譯為“（那樣）也許會……”。如：
It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers.
二．幾個情態(tài)動詞?？嫉木湫停?
1)．may/might (just) as well “不妨，最好”，與had better相近；
Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train.
既然航班已經(jīng)取消了，你不妨乘火車吧。相當(dāng)于you had better go by train。
2) ．cannot / can’t…too …“越……越好，怎么也不過分”。注意這個句型的變體cannot…over….如：
You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.駕車時候，越小心越好。
The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be over emphasized .
3) ．usedn’t 或did’t use to 為used to (do) 的否定式。
4）．should 除了“應(yīng)該”一層意思外，考研大綱還規(guī)定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。如：I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that. 我無法想象他竟然這樣做。
三．情態(tài)動詞被動關(guān)系的主動表達(dá)法
1． want, require, worth（形容詞）后面接doing也可以表示被動意義。
Your hair wants cutting
The book is worth reading
The floor requires washing.
2．need既可以用need to be done 也可以使用need doing ，兩種形式都表達(dá)被動的意義
The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted.
The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired.

（二） 形容詞、副詞及比較級最高級

（三）代詞及其指代一致
一．代詞的指代
1．that的指代作用
that指代不可數(shù)名詞和單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（如是復(fù)數(shù)，用those），后面通常跟有修飾語，如出現(xiàn)在比較結(jié)構(gòu)中的that of。如
Conversation calls for a willingness to alternate the role of speaker with that of listener, and it calls for occasional “digestive pauses” by both.這里that指代前面的the role。
No bread eaten by men is so sweet as that earned by his own labor.
2．one的指代作用
one指代帶不定冠詞的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)為ones。the one指代帶定冠詞的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。如：
A good writer is who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way.
[A] that [B]he [C]one [D]this
答案為[C]
3．do的替代作用。
do代替動詞，注意數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。如：
For him to be re-elected, what is essential is not that his policy works , but that the public believe that it does.
二．代詞指代一致問題
代詞指代一致是指指代的名詞在性、數(shù)、格上是否一致，或者所照應(yīng)的名詞詞組在某些方面保持一致。
Each cigarette a person smokes does some harm, and eventually he may get a serious disease form its effect.
這里he指代前面的person。
It was during the 1920’s that the friendship between the two American writers Hemingway and Fitzgerald reached its highest point.
這里its指代前面的兩人的friendship。
Our department was monitored by two supervisors, Bill and me.
這里me必須用賓格形式。
代詞指代一致必須注意以下幾個原則和規(guī)律：
1．鄰近和靠近原則
由either … or, neither…nor, not only…but (also)連接先行詞時候，如果兩個先行詞在數(shù)和性上保持一致，就用其相應(yīng)的一直的人稱代詞；如果兩個先行詞在數(shù)或性上不一致，人稱代詞一般與鄰近的先行詞在數(shù)和性上保持一致。
Neither Mary nor Alice has her key with her.
Neither the package nor the letters have reached their destination
If either David or Janet comes , he or she will want a drink
2．當(dāng)no one, everyone, each,everybody, none ,anybody, someone, somebody用作主語或主語的限定詞時候,或者anything, nothing, something everything等不定代詞作主語時候，其相應(yīng)的代詞一般按照語法一致原則，采取單數(shù)形式。如：
Everybody talked at the top of his voice.
None of the boys can do it , can he?
Everything is ready, isn’t it?
3．當(dāng)主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，后跟each作同位語時，如果each位于動詞之前，其后的代詞或相應(yīng)的限定詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果 each位于動詞之后，其后的代詞或相應(yīng)的限定詞用單數(shù)形式。如：
They each have two coats
we are each responsible for his own family
4．由and連接兩個先行詞，代詞用復(fù)數(shù)
如：the tourist and businessmen lost their luggage in the accident
（三） 主謂一致問題
主謂一致是指主語與謂語在數(shù)上要一致。把握主謂一致問題，考生主要解決的是對不同結(jié)構(gòu)的主語單復(fù)數(shù)的認(rèn)定，進(jìn)而選擇適當(dāng)?shù)闹^語。解決主謂一致主要遵循三個原則：
語法一致原則
意義一致原則
就近一致原則
很多情況下應(yīng)該綜合利用這三個原則來處理主謂一致，在不同情況下可能應(yīng)用三個原則中的不同原則，具體應(yīng)用哪種原則應(yīng)該視具體情況而定?？偨Y(jié)如下：
一．謂語動詞用單數(shù)的情況
1．動名詞短語、不定式短語、名詞性從句做主語，謂語用單數(shù)。如：
Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the cones that fit him or her.
(1987年考研題)
To understand the situation completely requires more thought than has been given thus far.
2．表示時間、距離、金額、重量、面積、體積、容積等度量的名詞短語做主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。
Two weeks was too long
Five times five makes twenty five
3．一般用and連接的兩個單詞或短語做主語時候，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但是下面用and連接的主語表示一個概念，謂語用單數(shù)：
law and order 法制 soap and water 肥皂水
a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子 fork and knife 刀叉
the needle and thread 針線 trial and error 反復(fù)嘗試，不斷摸索
horse and carriage 馬車 time and tide 歲月
bread and butter 奶油面包 the ebb and flow 盛衰，潮漲潮落
如： If law and order not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.
A. is B. are C. was d. were
答案：A。
4．表示學(xué)科和某些疾病名稱的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語時候謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式
Linguistics is a branch of study on human language.
5．有些名詞形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，意義上是單數(shù)，根據(jù)意義一致原則動詞用單數(shù)
The chaos was stopped by the police
The news is a great encouragement to us
A series of debates between the lectures was scheduled for the next weekend.
6．用and 連接的成份表示一個單一概念時候，動詞謂語用單數(shù)形式
Bread and butter is our daily food
Time and tide waits for no man
二． 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)情況
1． 由and, both …and, 連接的并列主語，和both ,a few, many ,several 等修飾語后面謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college.
2．集體名詞police, public, militia, cattle ,class ,youth后常用復(fù)數(shù)形式的動詞
The Chinese people are brave and hardworking
The cattle are grazing in the sunshine
3．當(dāng)表示民族的詞與冠詞合用當(dāng)主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式
The Japanese were once very aggressive
4．某些形容詞前面加定冠詞表示一類人，做主語時候，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)
The rich are not always selfish
5．不可數(shù)名詞作主語，其前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞修飾時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)
Three million tons of coal were exported that year
三．謂語動詞可用單數(shù)，也可以用復(fù)數(shù)的情況
1． 就近一致原則
這種情況下，謂語動詞使用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近該動詞的主語的單復(fù)數(shù)，存在這種情況的主要由以下幾種可能：
1） 由連詞 either…or…; neither…nor…; whether… or…;not only…but (also) ;or 等連接的并列主語
Neither money nor fame has influence on me
Not only you but also he is wrong
2) 在倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動詞與后面的第一個主語一致
Blocking the open-sided porch, framed by the enveloping fog, stands a tall grave-faced policeman.
Just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.
Although a great number of houses in that area are still in need of repair, there has been improvement in the facili
2． 主語帶有（together/along）with, such as, accompanied by, as well as, no less than, except, besides, with, combined with, in addition to , including, together with 等等附加成分，謂語的數(shù)不受附加成分的影響仍然與主語保持一致
Professor Taylor , with six of his students ,is attending a conference in Boston organized to compare current practice in the United States with those of other nations.
The president of the college, together with the deans, is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations. (1981年考研題)
3．關(guān)系代詞做主語的定語從句中，謂語的數(shù)要與先行詞一致。如：
Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that are not fully understood.
（1996年考研題）
There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for, but which do not bring a return in money to the community.
（1990年考研題）
4．一些表示數(shù)量的短語與名詞連用時候，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于名詞的數(shù)，名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，反之就用單數(shù)。這些短語包括：a lot of /lots of; plenty of/heaps of; half of; two-third (three-fourth…) of; eighty(ten, twenty…) percent; part of; rest of ; none of 等等
Two-thirds of people present are women
Lots of damage was caused by the fire
5．集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于主語表示的意思和數(shù)，當(dāng)表示整體時候，謂語動詞就用單數(shù)，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)集體中的個體時候，謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)。這些集體名詞如：army, audience, band ,government ,group ,flock, police, public ,staff ,team ,troop. Crowd, firm, family 等等
The family is the basic unit of our society
The family were watching the TV
The audience was enormous
The audience were greatly moved at the words
6．某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中主語與謂語的數(shù)：
第一組：
a great many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)
a number of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)
the majority of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)
第二組；
the number of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù)
each/every + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù)
neither/either of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù)
one and a half + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù)
第三組；
more than one + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù)
many a + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 謂語用單數(shù)
第四組；
the greater part of
a large proportion of
50% of
one third of
plenty of
the rest of
謂語的數(shù)與of 后面的名詞一致
第五組；
(n)either…(n)or….
not only….. but also ……
not …..but ……
謂語的數(shù)與主語的第二部分（即(n)or/ but also/ but引導(dǎo)的后面部分）一致.
注意比較：
More students than one have been referred to
More than one student is going to buy this book

（四）倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
倒裝是指句子成分不是按主語在前、謂語在后的正常語序排列，而是將謂語或謂語的一部分移到主語之前。倒裝是一種修辭手段，目的是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)。倒裝分為部分倒裝和全部倒裝，考試多為部分倒裝。考生應(yīng)掌握什么情況下需要倒裝,并對倒裝后的句子能夠認(rèn)出來，避免做題時候的盲目和迷茫。
一． 用全部倒裝的情況
全部倒裝一般是存在以下列副詞開頭的句子中，全部倒裝的方法是把句子的主謂語序顛倒過來，把謂語移到主語前面：
1）出于修辭需要，表示方向的副詞：out, down, in ,up, away, on。如：
Down jumped the burglar from the tenth floor when he heard someone shouted at him.
Up went the plane
2)出于習(xí)慣用法：here, there, now, thus, hence, then.如：
Now is your turn. There goes the bell.
Here is a ticket for you
There existed a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of work
注意：here，there用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)時主語一般為名詞，如果是人稱代詞則不需要倒裝
“ where is the cup？” “Here it is！”
Here you are.
There he comes.
3)有時主語較長，為了使句子平衡，避免頭重腳輕，主謂要全部倒裝。這種情況多出現(xiàn)在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：
Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.
In between these two extremes are those people who agree with the jury system as a whole, but feel that some changes need to be implemented to improve its effectiveness.
二． 采用部分倒裝情況
部分倒裝一般是把句子謂語的一部分（主要是助動詞或系動詞）放到句子主語前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝，而全部倒裝則把句子的謂語（包括實(shí)義動詞）都放在主語前
1．下列否定詞及含有否定意義的詞組修飾狀語時，若置于句首，句子的主謂要部分倒裝：
never, no, neither, not only, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respect, in no sense, by no means, in vain, still less。如：
Not only is its direct attack on their discipline, it bypasses the essence of what sociologists focus on.
Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state.
(1985年考研題)
注：1)如果謂語動詞是單個實(shí)義動詞，倒裝時需根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)加助動詞do。如：
Little did we expect that he would fulfill his task so rapidly.
（1983年考研題）
2）考生要廣義理解“句首”的概念，注意從句的句首和并列分句的句首均為句首。如：
Suddenly, Gallup’s name was on everyone’s lips; not only was he the prophet of the moment, but it was generally believed that he had founded a new and most important method of prediction.
2．以only修飾狀語（副詞，介詞短語，狀語從句）開頭的句子，句子的主謂要部分倒裝：
only then, only at that time, only once, only in this way, only with, only through, only by, only when, only after, only because。如：
Only when you have obtained sufficient data come to a sound conclusion.
[A]can you [B]would you [C]you will [D]you can
3．以下列副詞或短語開頭的句子，句子的主謂要部分倒裝：
often, so, well, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point, many a time。如：
So involved with their computers that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
[A]became the children [B]become the children
[C]had the children become [D]do the children become
(2001年考研題，答案為D)
4．比較從句的倒裝：
as, than引導(dǎo)的比較從句中，如果主語是名詞短語且較長，經(jīng)常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)（不倒裝也可以）。注意：這種結(jié)構(gòu)主語一般為名詞，如果是代詞則不倒裝。如：
Hydrogen burns much more cleanly than do other fuels and is easy to produce.
Today’s electuic cars cannot go as fast as gasoline-driven vehicles because the battery does not offer the same amount of energy as does gasoline combustion.
Reading is to the mind as is exercise to the body.
5．用于前面所說的情況也適用于另一人（物）的肯定句或否定句中的倒裝
1） 肯定重復(fù)倒裝用：so
They have got up, and so has jack
2) 否定重復(fù)倒裝用：nor, neither, no more
If you don’t agree to our plan, neither will they
6．“not only..but also”結(jié)構(gòu)時，如果not only 放在句首，則前半句but (also)句子后面不倒裝
Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to being broke.
三． 特殊的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
特殊形式的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)是指句子雖然是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但不是主謂倒裝，而往往是出于強(qiáng)調(diào)的需要，把強(qiáng)調(diào)部分移到句首，而其它部分順序不需要改變，句子主謂不需要倒裝。出現(xiàn)這樣的情況有以下幾種可能：
1．讓步從句的倒裝。
1）as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，必須采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但不是主謂倒裝，而是將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容置于句首。如：
Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her, in thoroughness, whatever the job.
Brave as they are, they are afraid of fight
2）．出現(xiàn)在句型be+主語+其他，come what may中。如：
While it’s true that we all need a career, preferably a profitable one, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge—be it scientific or artistic.
The business of each day selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
[A] it being [B] be it [C] was it [D] it was (答案為B)
3) no matter how(who…);however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但不是主謂倒裝，而是將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容置于句首。如：
No matter how busy he is , he has to attend the meeting
However cold it is , he always goes swimming.

語法測試 

1.She said that she __ much progress since she came here.

A. makes  B. made  C. have made  D had made 

2. “What’s the matter, Ali? You look sad."  “Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I my friends back home." 

A. just thought B. have just been thinking  C. was just thinking D. have just thought 

3. She on this essay for twenty minutes but she has written only about a hundred words. 

A. will be working  B. worked  C. has been working  D. will have worked 

4. The committee will not make the decision until it the matter. 

A. has investigated  B.investigates  C. will have investigated  D. investigated

5. Carey didn't go to the party last night because she the baby for her sister until 9:30. 

A. must have looked after  B. would have to look after  C. had to look after  D. should have looked after 

6. four years since John left school. 

A. They have been  B. It is  C. It was  D. Those are 

7.The car at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about 4 o' clock this afternoon. 

A. has gone  B. has not gone  C will be going  D. has been going 

8. By the time you arrive in London, we __ in Europe for two weeks. 

A. shall stay  B. have stayed  C. will have stayed  D. have been staying 

9. Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed . 

A. had produced  B. have been produced  C. would have produced  D. had been produced 

10. The president __ the delegation at the airport but he was taken ill last night, so the vice-president is going to instead.  A. is to meet  B. was to meet  C. has been to meet  D. was to have met  

語法測題答案與詳解  

1．(D) 根據(jù)時態(tài)一致的原則，間接引語(或賓語從句)的時態(tài)應(yīng)與主句的時態(tài)一致。該句中said是過去時所以that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中也要用過去的某一種時態(tài)，而從句中since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句表明其應(yīng)為完 成時態(tài)，故應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài)。 

2．(C) 通過上下文可以判定Ali看起來很難受很傷心，是因?yàn)閯偛旁谶M(jìn)行的事情所導(dǎo)致的，所以用過去進(jìn)行時較好，故(C)是正確答案。 

3．(C) 根據(jù)句意和時間狀語for twenty minutes，可以判斷這里應(yīng)填入現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，并且選項(xiàng)中沒有現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，所以(C)是正確答案。 

4．(A) 句意表明委員會是在調(diào)查事件之后才會做出決定，調(diào)查應(yīng)發(fā)生在決定之前，所以應(yīng)用將來完成時態(tài)，但是在英語中，時間條件狀語從句中的將來完成時態(tài)是由現(xiàn)在完成時來表示的，所以正確答案是(A)。 

5．(C) 從上下文的邏輯意義看，(C)項(xiàng)是唯一的正確答案。Carey沒有參加晚會，原因是給她姐姐照看小孩子。而(A)和(D)表示對過去發(fā)生的事情根據(jù)客觀情況作出主觀推斷：(A)作“準(zhǔn)是看孩子了”講；(D)作 “本應(yīng)該看孩子”講，都不對，而(B)表示動作發(fā)生在過去的將來，也不對，所以只有(C)正確。 

6．（B） 這是一個固定結(jié)構(gòu)(或句型)。本句也可說在"Four years have passed since John left school.”或“has been four years sinceJohn left schoo1．’’ 

7．(C) until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句用了一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的意思，主句因此必須用一般將來時與之呼應(yīng)，口語中常用將來進(jìn)行時代替一般將來時表示預(yù)料即將發(fā)生或肯定發(fā)生的事，也可表示某件事已經(jīng)決定了。本句完全可以用will go 因此，正確答案是(C)。 ? 

8．(C) by the time引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中若謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在時，則主句要用將來完成時；若謂語動詞用過去時，則主句要用過去完成時，有時也可以用過去將來完成時。這樣，本道題目的正確答案是(C)。 

9．(D) 有具體表示過去某一時間段內(nèi)業(yè)已發(fā)生的事件的時間狀語，句子應(yīng)該用過去完成時。 

10．(B) 由第一個句子中的but引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折句中所用的過去時，可以判斷總統(tǒng)本要在機(jī)場接見代表團(tuán)，表示計劃要做某事在英語中可以用be+動詞不定式來表達(dá)，故正確答案是B)。