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Example Note another and others He’s bought another car. Those cakes are wonderful. Could I have another (one)? Where are the other photos? Where are the others? another表示另一，又一，再一，可以不接名詞。 other +名詞復(fù)數(shù)=others, other必須修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 accept and agree I agree to meet them here. (NOT I accept to meet ….) 在不定式前通常用agree而不用accept allow, permit and let We don’t allow/permit people to smoke here. We don’t allow/permit smoking here. It’s not permitted to smoke here. (NOT it’s allow to smoke) Let me buy you a drink. 結(jié)構(gòu)：allow/permit sb to do allow/permit doing it’s not permitted to do let sb do,通常let不用于被動 almost and nearly; practically There are almost/nearly a thousand people there. I’ve pretty/very nearly finished. (NOT …very almost….) almost and nearly兩者可以通用，但是nearly可用very, pretty修飾， 而almost不可。 alone, lonely and lonesome I like to be alone for short periods. But after a few days I start lonely/ lonesome. alone表示獨(dú)自一人 lonely表示內(nèi)心孤獨(dú)寂寞的 along and through His office is along the corridor. through the centuries (NOT along…) all through the journey (NOT all along…) right through the meal along 表示沿著，后接有具體形狀的名詞; through后通常接表示一段時(shí)間或活動的名詞。 also, as well and too She not only sings; she also plays the piano. She not only sings; she plays the piano as well. She not only sings; she plays the piano too. Also, it needs a lot of repairs. also 通常位于句中實(shí)意動詞前 as well和too通常位于句末 Also 也可用于句首。 arise and rise I’m afraid a difficulty has arisen. Price keeps rising . Rise - (a)rose - (a)risen. arise表示出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生常由抽象名詞作主語。 rise 通常表示提高，上漲。 as, because, since and for As it’s raining again, we’ll have to stay at home. Why I’m leaving? Because I’m fed up. (NOT as/since I’m fed up. Since he had not paid his bill, his electricity was cut off. I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling hungry. as 和since通常表示聆聽者已知的原因 because著重強(qiáng)調(diào)原因，通常用來介紹聆聽者不知道的新信息。而 且只有because可回答why的問題 for表示說明新的信息，也通常用來說明是后思考的原因。 as, when and while As I was walking down the street I saw Tom driving here. The phone always rings when you are having a bath. While they were playing cards, somebody broke into the house. 三者都可以表示當(dāng)一件事發(fā)生時(shí)另一件事正在進(jìn)行。 While 可以表示對比兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的動作。 As 可表示兩個(gè)瞬間發(fā)生的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 at first and first At first they were very happy, but then things started going wrong. First, I want to talk about the history of the problem; then I’ll outline the situation today. at first表示起初，一開始 first表示順序，第一 bath and bathe I think I’ll have a bath. It’s your turn to bathe the baby. (American English) I always bathe before I go to bed. (Or take a bath) bath/ba:θ/ 名詞 bathe/beie/ 動詞 beat and win You can win a game/a race/a battle/a prize. You can beat a person. win—won—won,通常接比賽和獎項(xiàng)類名詞 beat—beat—beaten，通常接人，表示打敗sb beside and besides Who’s the big guy sitting beside Jane? Besides literature, we have to study history and philosophy. beside介詞,表示在…..旁邊” besides 介詞，表示另外，此外。 besides, except and apart from Besides (apart from) the violin, he plays the piano and the flute. I like all music instruments except (apart from) the violin. besides 表示另外，此外，指包括在內(nèi) except 表示除了，指排除在外 apart from既可表示包括在內(nèi)又可表示排除在外。 borrow and lend Can I borrow your bicycle? I borrowed a pound from my brother. I lent my coat to Steve, and I never saw it again. Lend me your comb for a minute, will you? borrow… from sb 表示借進(jìn)來。 lend …..to sb表示借出去。 bring and take Can we come over on Sunday? We’ll bring a picnic. Let’s have another drink, and then I’ll take you home. bring表示說話者帶來 take表示說話者帶走 broad and wide We live in a very wide street. Across the broad valley, the mountains rose blue and mysterious. wide表示兩者之間具體的距離和寬度， 如wide eyes, a wide mouth. broad既可表示具體的距離也可表示抽象的寬度， 如broad shoulders, a broad back. care (about), care for and take care (of) Most people care about other people’s opinions. He spent years caring for (looking after) his sick mother. I don’t much care for (like) strawberries. Take care when you’re crossing the road. Nurses take care of people in hospital. care (about) 表示關(guān)心，在乎； care for表示照料； care for也表示喜歡； take care表示當(dāng)心，小心； take care of表示照顧。 cloth and clothes His suit was made of the most expensive cloth. Could you pass me a cloth? I must buy some new clothes. cloth/kl.θ/ 表示制作衣物的材料，指棉布； clothes/kl.uez/表示衣服的總稱，指衣服，沒有單數(shù)形式。 come and go Can I come and see you? I want to go and live in Greece. come表示說話者來 go 表示說話者去 dead, died and death Mrs Mcginty is dead. That idea has been dead for years. She died in a car crash. (NOT she is dead in…) After his death his wife went to live in Canada. dead 形容詞 die 動詞 (died, died) death 名詞 economic and economical Economic theory/problem An economical little car economic 表示經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的； economical表示節(jié)約的，經(jīng)濟(jì)的。 expect, hope, wait and look forward I ‘m expecting John to phone at 3 o’clock. She’s hoping it will be a girl. I waited for her till 12, and then went home. She looked forward to getting a gift. expect表示預(yù)料，預(yù)期，期望，比hope更加強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀事實(shí) hope 表示希望，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀意愿 wait表示等待 look forward to表示盼望做某事 fairly, quite, rather and pretty How was the film? Fairly good. Not the best one I have seen this year. How was the film? Quite good. You ought to go. I quite enjoyed myself at your party. How was the film? Rather good. I was surprised. I have had rather a long day. I’m pretty well (almost) finished. You’re driving pretty fast. 這幾個(gè)詞均表示十分，相當(dāng)。 其中fairly語氣最弱，可以修飾形容詞和副詞，通常不用來表示人， 如果說somebody is fairly nice or fairly clever 人家會不高興的。 quite語氣強(qiáng)于fairly,可以修飾動詞和名詞。 rather和pretty 語氣最強(qiáng), 都可以修飾動詞，副詞，形容詞。 further and farther Beijing is further/farther away than Shanghai. For further information, you can see here. 均可表示距離上的遠(yuǎn)，但further還可表示抽象的遠(yuǎn)，更進(jìn)一步的， 額外的，另外的。 finally, at last, in the end and at the end After trying three times, she finally managed to pass her exam. Steve has finally found a job. James has paid me that money at last. Firstly, we need to increase profits. Secondly, ….. Thirdly, …. And lastly, we …. (NOT and at last we….) We made eight different holiday plans, but in the end we went to Beijing. In the end, mother knows best. I wish I was paid at the beginning of the week and not at the end. at last表示終于； in the end表示最后，終于； at the end表示在…的末端，在…結(jié)束時(shí)。 fit and suit These shoes don’t fit me, have you got a larger one? Red and black are colours that suit me very well. fit 側(cè)重指大小和形狀合適； suit 側(cè)重指風(fēng)格和顏色合適。 fun and funny The party was fun, wasn’t it? (NOT the party was funny) Why are you wearing that funny hat? fun 不可數(shù)名詞，表示樂趣或一件有趣的事； funny是形容詞，表示可笑的，滑稽的 holiday and holidays Where are you going for your summer holiday(s)? We have five days’ Christmas holiday. I met Tom on holiday in Beijing. (NOT in/on holidays) holidays通常表示一年當(dāng)中較長的假期； 其他情況通常用單數(shù)holiday. 短語on holiday表示在度假 how and what…like? How’s Ron? He’s very well. What’s Ron like? He’s quiet and a bit shy. How does she look today? Tired. What does she look like? Short and dark, pretty, cheerful-looking. how 指詢問關(guān)于變化著的事物，如人的情緒和健康； what 指詢問關(guān)于沒有變化的事物，如人的性格和外貌。 ill and sick I’m looking after my sick sister. I was sick three times in the nights.（嘔吐） George didn’t come in last week because he was ill/sick. ill 通常只作表語，不能用了修飾名詞， 而sick既可作表語又可作定語，還可以表示惡心的，嘔吐的。 last, the last and the latest If I’m speaking in July, last month was June. On July 15th 2006, the last month is the period from June 16th to July 15th. I’ve been busy for the last three months. (NOT for the last months. 因 為last month 不包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間) Her latest book is being published next week. last week/month/year指上周，上個(gè)月，去年； the last week/month/year指從說話時(shí)算起，往前推算7天，30天及 一年。如 today is Wednesday, the last week is counted from last Wednesday to today; the latest 指最近的，最新的如 the latest news. lay and lie Lay the tent down on the grass. I laid the papers on the table. You lied to me . Don’t lie in bed all day. lay (laid, laid), 是及物動詞，表示放，擱置，下蛋 lie有兩種意思，表示不同意思時(shí)，lie的過去式和過去分詞不同。 lie (lied, lied)表示撒謊 lie (lay lain)是不及物動詞，表示平躺。 less and fewer I earn less money than a postman. I’ve got fewer problems than I used to have. I’ve got less problems than I used to have less是little的比較級，通常修飾不可數(shù)名詞; fewer是few的比較級， 通常修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 在非正式語體中，less也可修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 loudly and aloud They were talking so loudly that I couldn’t hear myself think. She has a very good pronunciation when she reads aloud. What did you say? Nothing, I was just thinking aloud. loudly表示聲音的力度，指大聲地； aloud通常跟在read和think 的后面，說明某人不僅僅是在腦海里 安靜的想，而是說了出來。 no more, not any more, no longer and not any longer There is no more bread. I no longer support the Conservative Party. (NOT I no more support ...) I’m not helping you any more. no more 通常只用了修飾名詞； no longer, not any longer 和no …any more 通常修飾動詞。 no, none, and not a/any Sorry I can’t stop. I’ve got no time. (=I haven’t got any time.) There’s no wardrobe in the bedroom. (There’s not a wardrobe in the bedroom). I’ve been to none of those places. How many of the books have you read? None. no = not a/any none通常和介詞of連用,意思清楚也可單獨(dú)使用。 neither……nor and not….either I neither smoke nor drink. The film was neither well made nor well acted. I can’t swim, nor/neither can my father. Tome didn’t turn up, and Jim didn’t either. neither…nor表示既不，也不，位于實(shí)意動詞前，助動詞，系動詞， 情態(tài)動詞后； 也可引起倒裝。 so and then It’s more expensive to travel on Friday. Then/ so I’ll leave on Thursday. It’s more expensive to travel on Friday, so I’ll leave on Thursday. (NOT Then I’ll leave) so and then都可以表示既然如此；但是so 可以表示因此、所以， 而then不可。 thankful and grateful I am very grateful for all your help. (NOT I’m very thankful…) She wasn’t a bit grateful to me for repairing her car. I’m thankful that we got home before the storm started. We feel very thankful that she didn’t marry him after all. grateful通常指對人們善意的行為和幫助表示感激; thankful 通常指避免了某種危險(xiǎn)或者度過了某種不愉快的經(jīng)歷而 感到慶幸。 |
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