考研作文在考研英語(yǔ)考試中占據(jù)了30分的比例,是不容忽視的重要部分。根據(jù)《考研大綱》對(duì)作文這一部分的要求,對(duì)于“語(yǔ)言”的要求放在了第一位,即:語(yǔ)言第一,內(nèi)容第二,思想第三。各位考研勇士要想在這一部分勝出,就必須在語(yǔ)言的“精美度”上下功夫,用高質(zhì)量的語(yǔ)言吸引閱卷人的眼球,獲得高分。筆者建議大家時(shí)刻培養(yǎng)“亮點(diǎn)設(shè)置”意識(shí),在考研作文中設(shè)置“語(yǔ)言亮點(diǎn)”,從而為斬獲高分打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。本文將為廣大考研勇士介紹考研寫作的三大高分句式——短句拉長(zhǎng),插入語(yǔ)和并列修辭。
高分句式一 —— 短句拉長(zhǎng) 在考研英語(yǔ)作文中,任何短句都可以拉長(zhǎng)為長(zhǎng)句,而且,從理論上講,一個(gè)句子的長(zhǎng)度可以是無(wú)限的,但是出于實(shí)際情況,大家要學(xué)會(huì)寫有限度的長(zhǎng)句。 雖然《考試大綱》沒有明確規(guī)定考研作文中長(zhǎng)句的長(zhǎng)度和數(shù)量,但是基于考研作文實(shí)戰(zhàn)的需要,考生需要有一種“長(zhǎng)句設(shè)置”意識(shí),即通過在文中設(shè)置若干個(gè)長(zhǎng)句,向閱卷者展示考生對(duì)于復(fù)雜語(yǔ)言的掌握能力,從而征服閱卷者的心,獲得滿意的分?jǐn)?shù)。 短句拉長(zhǎng)的寫作要領(lǐng): 名詞:+形容詞,+同位語(yǔ),+定語(yǔ)從句 動(dòng)詞:+狀語(yǔ)(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式) 例句實(shí)戰(zhàn): 例1、Officials have built highways.(4個(gè)單詞) In recent years, the responsible, hard-working and warm-hearted officials have built a great number of highways which have brought much convenience to the local citizens. (拉長(zhǎng)后25單詞) 例1中短句拉長(zhǎng)的步驟: 1)在句首,加上時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in recent yeas 2)在名詞officials前面加上responsible, hard-working, warm-hearted 三個(gè)形容詞修飾它 3)在名詞highways 后面加上定語(yǔ)從句which have brought much convenience to the local citizens. 例2、Factories have discharged gas and liquid.(6個(gè)單詞) With a view to preserve the marine resources, the newly-built chemical factories have discharged harmful and even poisonous gas and liquid which had a seriously negatively impact on the surrounding environment.(拉長(zhǎng)后31個(gè)單詞) 例2中短句拉長(zhǎng)的步驟: 1) 在句首,加上目的狀語(yǔ)With a view to preserve the marine resources 2) 在名詞factories前面加上兩個(gè)修飾形容詞newly-built和chemical 3) 在名詞gas and liquid 后面上加上一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句which had a seriously negatively impact on the surrounding environment. 高分句式二——插入語(yǔ) 增加句式復(fù)雜性的另外一種方法就是使用插入語(yǔ)。中國(guó)學(xué)生寫的英語(yǔ)句子喜歡一通到底,沒有任何語(yǔ)氣的間歇,像一根筆直的竹竿,因此筆者稱之為“竹竿句”。而英美人士寫的句子則不同,他們偏愛插入語(yǔ),通過插入語(yǔ)表現(xiàn)出作者語(yǔ)氣的間歇和停頓。有了插入語(yǔ),讀者眼中的句子有一種跌宕起伏的感覺,這種句子像海浪一起忽起忽落,筆者稱這種句子為“海浪句”。試比較: Ancient men made tools of stone. For instance, they always used flint because it is easier to shape than other kinds. (不使用插入語(yǔ)) Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because it is easier to shape than other kinds. (使用插入語(yǔ)) 我們用圖形表示這兩個(gè)句子,如下: 第一句:竹竿句 however especial 第二句:海浪句 由此我們看出:地道的英語(yǔ)句子要寫得跌宕起伏。 考研的同學(xué)要在語(yǔ)言上下功夫,就必須學(xué)會(huì)寫作“海浪句”,從而使得自己的作文“波濤洶涌,錯(cuò)落有致”。 插入語(yǔ)的寫作要領(lǐng): 1)插入語(yǔ)可以是一個(gè)詞,一個(gè)短語(yǔ),或者一個(gè)句子。 2)插入語(yǔ)兩邊分別用逗號(hào),跟其他成分隔開。 3)插入語(yǔ)最好放在主語(yǔ)之后,便于掌握。 例1:副詞插入——frankly, especially, fortunately, indeed, however “坦率地說(shuō),旅游可以促進(jìn)國(guó)家之間的相互了解。” Tourism, frankly, may promote the mutual understanding among nations. 例2:短語(yǔ)插入語(yǔ) ——generally speaking(總的來(lái)說(shuō)), to tell the truth(老實(shí)說(shuō)), in a sense(在某種意義上講),in a word (總而言之), strange to say(說(shuō)來(lái)奇怪) “總而言之,家長(zhǎng)不該無(wú)視電腦游戲?qū)π『⒌母弊饔谩?#8221; Parents, in a word, should never lose sight of the side-effects of computer games on their children. 例3:短句插入語(yǔ)——I suppose, as I see it, I believe, what is important(重要的是). “重要的是,環(huán)境對(duì)人的性格有深遠(yuǎn)影響。” Personality, what is important, has a far-reaching influence on one’s personality. 高分句式三——并列修辭 請(qǐng)大家欣賞歷史上最精彩的三個(gè)并列修辭句式: 凱撒:I came, I saw, I conquered. (我來(lái)了,我看到了,我征服了。) 培根:Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. (學(xué)習(xí)可以怡情,可以博采,可以長(zhǎng)才。) 林肯的政治抱負(fù):a government of the people, by the people and for the people. (民有,民治,民享的政府) 歷史上,名人使用并列修辭寫出了千古名句,流芳百世;今天,我們也可以使用并列修辭寫出精彩句式,創(chuàng)造作文高分奇跡。 并列修辭的寫作要領(lǐng): 用and或者or 連接兩個(gè)詞性相同,意思相近的單詞,就構(gòu)成了并列修辭。 比如:give support and assistance to… …benefit from the education and instruction. …develop and promote the economic growth. 并列修辭實(shí)戰(zhàn)舉例: 1)The American girl,dressed in traditional Chinese costume and ornaments,indicates and symbolizes the multinational communication of cultures and customs.(選自2002年考研作文真題,一句話包含三處并列修辭) 2)It goes without saying that the drawings aim at revealing a common and serious problem in China: how to educate and cultivate the young. Let’s take a closer look at the drawings. In an ideal condition, the flower blooms. But when moved out of the green house, it perishes under the rain and storm. It is obvious that the flower in greenhouse can’t withstand wind and rains.(選自2003年考研作文真題,一個(gè)段落包含四處并列修辭) “亮點(diǎn)句式”是考研閱卷人定檔次,給分?jǐn)?shù)的主要憑據(jù),所以同學(xué)們應(yīng)該有意識(shí)的多訓(xùn)練自己“亮點(diǎn)句式”的寫作。如果能將本文介紹的“三大亮點(diǎn)句式”天衣無(wú)縫地設(shè)置在考研作文當(dāng)中,整篇作文就會(huì)看起來(lái)“星光閃閃”“炫人眼目”,那么,獲得高分也就是水到渠成事情了。預(yù)祝天下的考研勇士金榜題名! |
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