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很多情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以與動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式連用表示一種特殊的意義:用來(lái)表示猜測(cè)(設(shè)想可能發(fā)生了什么事)或想象(設(shè)想可能出現(xiàn)過什么不同的情況)。在高考試題中此語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)也備受青睞。先看最新幾道相關(guān)的高考題目：
【經(jīng)典考例1】 The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. (2006江西)
A. should have taken B. could have taken
C. needn't have taken D. mustn't have taken
【經(jīng)典考例2】 We ________ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (2006天津)
A. needn't B. may not
C. shouldn't D. mustn't
【經(jīng)典考例3】 As you worked late yesterday, you ________ have come this morning. （2006陜西）
A. mayn't B. can't
C. mustn't D. needn't
請(qǐng)看常見的“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + 過去分詞”的用法：
一、“must + have + 過去分詞”表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情或狀態(tài)進(jìn)行推測(cè)，語(yǔ)氣比較堅(jiān)定，通常只用于肯定句。如：
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
You must have been mad to speak to the servant.
二、“can / could + have + 過去分詞”表示對(duì)過去某種情況的懷疑或不確定。can和could一般用于否定句和疑問句，could的語(yǔ)氣較can弱。如：
I didn't see her at the meeting this morning; she can't / couldn't have spoken at the meeting.
He can't have finished the work so soon.
三、“may / might + have + 過去分詞”表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行不肯定的推測(cè)，might的語(yǔ)氣比may弱一點(diǎn)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于肯定句和否定句，疑問句改用can或could。如：
They may not have known it beforehand.
You might have read about it in the papers.
四、“need + have + 過去分詞”表示過去做了不必做或不需要做的事情，或過去做某事純屬多余。如：
Need they have done it last week?
I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
五、“should / ought to + have + 過去分詞”表示過去本該做某事但沒做，其否定式表示過去不該做某事但做了，這種句式含有不滿或責(zé)備之意，ought to的語(yǔ)氣比should強(qiáng)一些。如：
You ought to / should have studied harder. 你本應(yīng)該更努力學(xué)習(xí)的。（但沒有）
He oughtn't to / shouldn't have done that. 他本來(lái)就不該做那件事。（可是做了）
六、“would ＋ have ＋ 過去分詞”表示對(duì)過去的某種情況進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，或本來(lái)要做某事卻因某種原因未做成，通常用來(lái)說明某一情況，但不像用should或ought to那樣含有責(zé)備之意。如：
I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.
Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.
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