![wilma_run wilma_run](http://image4.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2009/10/2/240588_6703579_1.jpg)
In the 1960 summer Olympics in Rome, Italy, Wilma Rudolph became the first American woman to win three gold medals in track and field during a single Olympic Games, despite running on a sprained ankle. She was nicknamed the “Tornado” the fastest woman on earth, and the Black Gazelle.
1960年意大利羅馬夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)上,威爾瑪·魯?shù)婪虺蔀槿赖谝晃辉趩未螉W運(yùn)會(huì)上獲得田賽與競(jìng)賽三枚金牌的女性,盡管她跑步時(shí)腳踝扭傷了。人們贈(zèng)給全球跑得最快的女性一個(gè)綽號(hào)——“魚雷”,也稱她為黑瞪羚。
By all accounts, Wilma Rudolph was a master at track and field. Some called her a “natural athlete.” But if you know Wilma Rudolph’s story, you’ll know the truth is that Wilma wasn’t a born athlete. She was a sickly, crippled child who turned herself into a world-class runner through tremendous determination and discipline.
從方方面面看,威爾瑪·魯?shù)婪蚨际翘飶綀?chǎng)上的大師。有人稱她為“天生的運(yùn)動(dòng)員”??扇绻阒劳柆?#183;魯?shù)婪虻墓适拢憔蜁?huì)知道事實(shí)是威爾瑪并非天生的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。她原本是一個(gè)病怏怏有殘疾的孩子,但通過巨大的毅力和自律,將自己蛻變?yōu)槭澜缂?jí)跑步選手。
Wilma Rudolph was born prematurely at 4.5 lbs., the 20th of 22 siblings born into a black family in the South in 1940. She was struck with polio as a very young child, leaving her with a twisted foot and leg. She wore a brace and her family drove her to Nashville regularly for treatments. By the time she was 12 years old, Wilma had also survived scarlet fever, whooping cough, chicken pox, and measles.
1940年威爾瑪·魯?shù)婪虺錾鷷r(shí)是個(gè)4.5磅的早產(chǎn)兒,是南部一個(gè)黑人家庭里22個(gè)孩子中的第20個(gè)。幼年時(shí),她患了小兒麻痹,腿和腳都變形了。她戴著支架,由家人定期開車送她去納什維爾進(jìn)行治療。到威爾瑪12歲時(shí),她先后經(jīng)歷了猩紅熱、百日咳、水痘、麻疹。
Wilma was determined to overcome her physical challenges and become an athlete like her older siblings. Eventually she left the leg braces behind and became a star on her high school basketball team. Wilma was discovered by Tennessee State track coach Ed Temple, the man who prepared her to win Olympic gold in the 100 and 200-meter dash and the 400-meter relay.
威爾瑪下定決心克服自己的生理挑戰(zhàn),成為她哥哥姐姐那樣的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。最終,她丟掉了支架,成為高中籃球隊(duì)的明星。田納西州的田徑教練愛德·坦普爾發(fā)現(xiàn)了威爾瑪,并且?guī)退龊脺?zhǔn)備,贏得奧運(yùn)會(huì)100米、200米沖刺及400米接力賽的金牌。
What would YOU like to become a master of? If you’re in the work force, you may wish to become a master at your job. If you’re retired, maybe you would like to achieve mastery at a hobby – become a master gardener, or a master fisherman. Or we could apply mastery to people and relationships – becoming the best in the world at being a parent, or a spouse, or a friend to those in need. But what does it take to truly achieve mastery in any area of our life? Why do only a select few ever become great at what they do?
你想成為什么樣的大師?如果你在工作,也許你想成為職場(chǎng)高手。如果你退休了,也許你想在自己的愛好上取得成就——成為大師級(jí)的園丁或大師級(jí)的漁夫?;蛘?,我們可以將這些技巧用于人際關(guān)系——成為世界上最明智的家長(zhǎng)、最忠心的配偶或者成為那些有需要的人最可靠的朋友。不過,在生活的任何領(lǐng)域中取得真正成就需要什么?為什么只有一小部分人取得成功?
It is a common myth that talent is what makes some people great. From an early age we’re taught that some of us just have a natural aptitude for athletics, or managing companies, or playing an instrument. God given talent is what makes some people masters. So if we try something and discover we’re not all that great at it, or if we experience initial success only to hit a plateau, we give up on mastery, thinking we just weren’t cut out for it. We become a hacker, content with average performance or we give up entirely.
一個(gè)普遍的神話是天分造就人才。很小的時(shí)候,人們就告訴我們,我們當(dāng)中有些人天生就有運(yùn)動(dòng)或管理公司或演奏樂器的才能。天生的才能是讓某些人成為大師級(jí)人物的原因。所以,如果我們嘗試某樣?xùn)|西,發(fā)現(xiàn)我們根本不擅長(zhǎng),或者我們經(jīng)歷了最初的成功之后,卻進(jìn)入高原狀態(tài),我們就會(huì)放棄追求精通,以為自己不是那塊料。我們成為駭客,對(duì)于平庸表現(xiàn)也心滿意足,或者干脆放棄。
In his book, Talent is Overrated, Geoff Colvin points out that research conducted in the past 30 years or so has proven this idea of inherent talent false. Studies of a variety of subjects – violin players, chess champions, golf pros, etc. – all indicate that the difference between great performers and average performers is hard work and practice, not natural talent. Masters in a given field did not show unusual giftedness, but rather logged many more hours of practice time than their peers and engaged in “deliberate practice” – systematic practice of techniques involving specific goals and regular feedback to improve performance.
在《被夸大的天才》一書中,Geoff Colvin指出,過去30多年研究表明天生才能的觀點(diǎn)不正確。對(duì)各種各樣主體——小提琴家、象棋冠軍、高爾夫職業(yè)選手——的研究,都表明偉大的表演家與普通表演家的區(qū)別在于勤學(xué)苦練,而非天才。給定領(lǐng)域的大師并沒有表現(xiàn)出非同尋常的天賦,但卻比其他人練習(xí)的時(shí)間多得多,而且進(jìn)行的是“有意練習(xí)”——涉及具體目標(biāo)的系統(tǒng)化技巧練習(xí),還有定期反饋改善表現(xiàn)。
George Leonard wrote an inspiring little book called Mastery: The Keys to Success and Long-term Fulfillment. Leonard identifies 5 principles that can help you achieve mastery in any area of your life.
George Leonard寫了本鼓舞人心的小書,名為《精通:成功及長(zhǎng)期成就的關(guān)鍵》。Leonard列了5條原則,可以幫助你在生活的任何領(lǐng)域成為大師。
1. Instruction
There are some things you can learn on your own, but if you really want to be a master in your field you must find a good teacher or coach to guide your efforts. It’s no accident that Bela Karolyi’s gym produced so many Olympic gymnasts or that Meisner, Adler, and Strasberg taught so many great actors – including Jack Nicholson, Marlon Brando, and Paul Newman. Find someone whose students are performing with excellence and learn your craft at their feet.
1. 指導(dǎo)
有些東西你可以自學(xué),但如果你真想在自己的領(lǐng)域成為大師,你必須找個(gè)好老師或好教練為你指導(dǎo)。Bela Karolyi的體育館產(chǎn)生如此多奧運(yùn)體操明星或Meisner, Adler, Strasberg教出那么多偉大的演員——包括Jack Nicholson, Marlon Brando, Paul Newman,絕非偶然。找一位有眾多高徒的師傅,然后拜他們?yōu)閹煛?/p>
2. Practice
This weekend I watched my friend, Jeff, play his acoustic guitar so beautifully and masterfully it seemed effortless. But I know that Jeff goes home every night after work and practices his guitar for at least two hours. Deliberate practice is the key to mastery. We have to learn to love to practice in order to become great. You have to love playing scales on your instrument as much or more than you love performing in the concert hall. An old martial arts saying goes, “The master is the one who stays on the mat five minutes longer every day than anybody else.” Be that guy.
2. 練習(xí)
這個(gè)周末,我見我的朋友杰夫彈原聲吉他,彈得太優(yōu)美太嫻熟了,似乎不費(fèi)吹灰之力??晌抑烂刻焱砩舷掳嘀?,杰夫要練習(xí)至少兩個(gè)小時(shí)。專門練習(xí)是掌握技能的關(guān)鍵。為了出類拔萃,我們必須得學(xué)會(huì)愛上練習(xí)。你愛練習(xí)要跟你愛在演奏大廳里表演一樣。如俗話說,“大師就是每天比別人多練習(xí)5分鐘的人”成為這樣的人。
3. Surrender.
The courage of a master is measured by his or her willingness to surrender. To your teacher. To the constant routine of hard work to become better. And sometimes we must surrender our own expert status and become beginners again in order to reach the next level of achievement. Tiger Woods famously remade his golf swing AFTER he had already achieved tremendous success in his sport. For the master, surrender means there are no experts. There are only learners.
3.順服
大師的勇氣是用他是否愿意順服來衡量的。順服老師。遵守勤學(xué)苦練的永恒規(guī)則,以期卓越。有時(shí)我們必須放棄自己的專家身份,重新開始,以達(dá)到下一階段的成就。泰格·伍茲在已經(jīng)獲得了輝煌成就之后,調(diào)整了自己的揮桿。對(duì)于大師而言,順服意味著沒有專家。只有學(xué)習(xí)者。
4. Intentionality
Intentionality is mindfulness, mental practice, having a vision mindfulness of what you want to accomplish. Arnold Schwarzenneger argued that pumping a weight one time with full consciousness was worth ten without mental awareness. Average distance runners let their minds wander during a race in order to forget about the pain. Master runners focus on their bodies the whole time in order to perform to the best of their ability with every stride.
Cognitive psychology has discovered that visualizing an activity triggers the same parts of the brain as if we were actually DOING that activity. Mental practice can be as effective as actual practice in achieving mastery.
4. 意向性
意向性是留神、頭腦練習(xí),對(duì)自己想要成就的進(jìn)行愿景培養(yǎng)。阿諾德·施瓦辛格認(rèn)為用全部意識(shí)擊打某個(gè)重量1次,比沒有精神意識(shí)下?lián)舸蚴芜€值得。普通的長(zhǎng)跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員在比賽中讓他們的思緒隨意飛揚(yáng),以忘記痛苦。大師級(jí)的長(zhǎng)跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員則在全程中注意自己的身體,以便每邁出一步都能表現(xiàn)得最好。
認(rèn)知心理學(xué)已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),幻想某樣活動(dòng)可以觸發(fā)我們實(shí)際進(jìn)行該項(xiàng)活動(dòng)時(shí)所觸發(fā)的相同的大腦部分。在獲得大師級(jí)水準(zhǔn)時(shí),頭腦練習(xí)可以和實(shí)際練習(xí)一樣有效。
5. The Edge.
The edge is the point where the master takes a flying leap. It seems to be a contradiction of what got the expert performer to the height of their field in the first place. After dedication to the fundamentals of their discipline and years of small, incremental steps forward there comes a point where these masters take a leap off the edge. “They challenge previous limits, they break the rules they’ve worked so hard to learn, they take risks for the sake of higher performance.”
5. 邊界
邊界是大師之所以飛躍的地方??雌饋恚@與使專家表演者達(dá)到事業(yè)巔峰的東西相矛盾。在投身到自己學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)之后,經(jīng)過多年細(xì)微的進(jìn)步,有那么一刻,這些大師越過邊界向前邁出一大步。他們挑戰(zhàn)從前的極限,打破如此辛苦所學(xué)習(xí)到的規(guī)矩,為了更好的表現(xiàn),他們承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
With All Your Might
Ecclesiastes Chapter 9 verse 10 says, “Whatever your hand finds to do, do it with all your might.” Like Wilma Rudolph, you don’t need to be limited by challenges or the myth of talent. Whatever you’d like to be a master of, apply these five principles and be satisfied with the slow, steady rewards of deliberate practice.
全力以赴
《傳道書》9章10節(jié):“凡你手所當(dāng)作的事,要盡力去作。”像威爾瑪·魯?shù)婪蛞粯樱悴灰惶魬?zhàn)所限制,也無需被天才神話所束縛。不論你想成為什么大師,遵循這5條原則,然后對(duì)有意練習(xí)所帶來的緩慢而穩(wěn)定的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)感到心滿意足。