學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句,我們應(yīng)該注意三個(gè)方面:連接詞、語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。

一、連接詞

1. that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),that只起連接作用,不充當(dāng)句子成分,也沒(méi)有詞義,?？墒÷?。如:

●I know(that) he is a Canadian athlete. 

2. whether或if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),whether或if在句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,意為“是否”,不可省略。如:

●I don’t know whether/ if my parents agree with me.

注意:與or not直接連用時(shí)只能用whether不可用if。如:

●He didn’t say whether or not he would be staying here.

3. what, who, whose, which等連接代詞和when, where, how, why等連接副詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),這些詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分,都有各自的詞義,不能省略。如:

●He didn’t understand what the teacher said.

●I don’t know when we will have a meeting.

二、語(yǔ)序

1. 在含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中,賓語(yǔ)從句須用陳述句語(yǔ)序。如:

●Do you know where he lives?

2. 當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect等詞時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞常常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,譯為漢語(yǔ)時(shí),仍把從句翻譯成否定的意思。否定轉(zhuǎn)移句的主語(yǔ)一般是第一人稱。如:

●I don’t think (that) Tom is wrong.

我認(rèn)為湯姆沒(méi)錯(cuò)。

三、時(shí)態(tài)

1. 當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候,賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要使用各種時(shí)態(tài)。但如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也必須使用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。如:

●I want to know how he came yesterday. 

●She asked if he was leaving for Beijing soon. 

2. 賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理時(shí),不管主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是什么時(shí)態(tài),賓語(yǔ)從句仍使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:

●The teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth.