文章作者:張宴 本文版本:v5.4 最后修改:2009.06.26 前言:本文是我撰寫的關(guān)于搭建“Nginx + PHP(FastCGI)”Web服務(wù)器的第5篇文章。本系列文章作為國內(nèi)最早詳細(xì)介紹 Nginx + PHP 安裝、配置、使用的資料之一,為推動 Nginx 在國內(nèi)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了積極的作用。這是一篇關(guān)于Nginx 0.7.x系列版本的文章,安裝、配置方式與第4篇文章相差不大,但增加了MySQL安裝配置的信息、PHP 5.2.10 的 php-fpm 補(bǔ)丁。Nginx 0.7.x系列版本雖然為開發(fā)版,但在很多大型網(wǎng)站的生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中已經(jīng)使用。 Nginx ("engine x") 是一個高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服務(wù)器,也是一個 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服務(wù)器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 為俄羅斯訪問量第二的 Rambler.ru 站點開發(fā)的,它已經(jīng)在該站點運行超過兩年半了。Igor 將源代碼以類BSD許可證的形式發(fā)布。 Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和穩(wěn)定性,使得國內(nèi)使用 Nginx 作為 Web 服務(wù)器的網(wǎng)站也越來越多,其中包括新浪博客、新浪播客、網(wǎng)易新聞等門戶網(wǎng)站頻道,六間房、56.com等視頻分享網(wǎng)站,Discuz!官方論壇、水木社區(qū)等知名論壇,豆瓣、YUPOO相冊、海內(nèi)SNS、迅雷在線等新興Web 2.0網(wǎng)站。 Nginx 的官方中文維基:http://wiki./NginxChs 在高并發(fā)連接的情況下,Nginx是Apache服務(wù)器不錯的替代品。Nginx同時也可以作為7層負(fù)載均衡服務(wù)器來使用。根據(jù)我的測試結(jié)果,Nginx 0.7.61 + PHP 5.2.10 (FastCGI) 可以承受3萬以上的并發(fā)連接數(shù),相當(dāng)于同等環(huán)境下Apache的10倍。 根據(jù)我的經(jīng)驗,4GB內(nèi)存的服務(wù)器+Apache(prefork模式)一般只能處理3000個并發(fā)連接,因為它們將占用3GB以上的內(nèi)存,還得為系統(tǒng) 預(yù)留1GB的內(nèi)存。我曾經(jīng)就有兩臺Apache服務(wù)器,因為在配置文件中設(shè)置的MaxClients為4000,當(dāng)Apache并發(fā)連接數(shù)達(dá)到3800 時,導(dǎo)致服務(wù)器內(nèi)存和Swap空間用滿而崩潰。 而這臺 Nginx 0.7.61 + PHP 5.2.10 (FastCGI) 服務(wù)器在3萬并發(fā)連接下,開啟的10個Nginx進(jìn)程消耗150M內(nèi)存(15M*10=150M),開啟的64個php-cgi進(jìn)程消耗1280M內(nèi)存 (20M*64=1280M),加上系統(tǒng)自身消耗的內(nèi)存,總共消耗不到2GB內(nèi)存。如果服務(wù)器內(nèi)存較小,完全可以只開啟25個php-cgi進(jìn)程,這樣 php-cgi消耗的總內(nèi)存數(shù)才500M。 在3萬并發(fā)連接下,訪問Nginx 0.7.61 + PHP 5.2.10 (FastCGI) 服務(wù)器的PHP程序,仍然速度飛快。下圖為Nginx的狀態(tài)監(jiān)控頁面,顯示的活動連接數(shù)為28457(關(guān)于Nginx的監(jiān)控頁配置,會在本文接下來所給出 的Nginx配置文件中寫明): 我生產(chǎn)環(huán)境下的兩臺Nginx + PHP5(FastCGI)服務(wù)器,跑多個一般復(fù)雜的純PHP動態(tài)程序,單臺Nginx + PHP5(FastCGI)服務(wù)器跑PHP動態(tài)程序的處理能力已經(jīng)超過“700次請求/秒”,相當(dāng)于每天可以承受6000萬(700*60*60*24=60480000)的訪問量(更多信息見此),而服務(wù)器的系統(tǒng)負(fù)載也不高: 下面是用100個并發(fā)連接分別去壓生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中同一負(fù)載均衡器VIP下、提供相同服務(wù)的兩臺服務(wù)器,一臺為Nginx,另一臺為Apache,Nginx每秒處理的請求數(shù)是Apache的兩倍多,Nginx服務(wù)器的系統(tǒng)負(fù)載、CPU使用率遠(yuǎn)低于Apache: 你可以將連接數(shù)開到10000~30000,去壓Nginx和Apache上的phpinfo.php,這是用瀏覽器訪問Nginx上的 phpinfo.php一切正常,而訪問Apache服務(wù)器的phpinfo.php,則是該頁無法顯示。4G內(nèi)存的服務(wù)器,即使再優(yōu)化,Apache也 很難在“webbench -c 30000 -t 60 http://./phpinfo.php”的壓力情況下正常訪問,而調(diào)整參數(shù)優(yōu)化后的Nginx可以。 webbench 下載地址:http://blog./post/288/ 注意:webbench 做壓力測試時,該軟件自身也會消耗CPU和內(nèi)存資源,為了測試準(zhǔn)確,請將 webbench 安裝在別的服務(wù)器上。 測試結(jié)果:##### Nginx + PHP ##### 引用
[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5 Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software. Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php 100 clients, running 30 sec. Speed=102450 pages/min, 16490596 bytes/sec. Requests: 51225 susceed, 0 failed. top - 14:06:13 up 27 days, 2:25, 2 users, load average: 14.57, 9.89, 6.51 Tasks: 287 total, 4 running, 283 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 49.9% us, 6.7% sy, 0.0% ni, 41.4% id, 1.1% wa, 0.1% hi, 0.8% si Mem: 6230016k total, 2959468k used, 3270548k free, 635992k buffers Swap: 2031608k total, 3696k used, 2027912k free, 1231444k cached 測試結(jié)果:##### Apache + PHP ##### 引用
[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5 Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software. Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php 100 clients, running 30 sec. Speed=42184 pages/min, 31512914 bytes/sec. Requests: 21092 susceed, 0 failed. top - 14:06:20 up 27 days, 2:13, 2 users, load average: 62.15, 26.36, 13.42 Tasks: 318 total, 7 running, 310 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 80.4% us, 10.6% sy, 0.0% ni, 7.9% id, 0.1% wa, 0.1% hi, 0.9% si Mem: 6230016k total, 3075948k used, 3154068k free, 379896k buffers Swap: 2031608k total, 12592k used, 2019016k free, 1117868k cached 為什么Nginx的性能要比Apache高得多?這得益于Nginx使用了最新的epoll(Linux 2.6內(nèi)核)和kqueue(freebsd)網(wǎng)絡(luò)I/O模型,而Apache則使用的是傳統(tǒng)的select模型。目前Linux下能夠承受高并發(fā)訪問的 Squid、Memcached都采用的是epoll網(wǎng)絡(luò)I/O模型。 處理大量的連接的讀寫,Apache所采用的select網(wǎng)絡(luò)I/O模型非常低效。下面用一個比喻來解析Apache采用的select模型和Nginx采用的epoll模型進(jìn)行之間的區(qū)別: 假設(shè)你在大學(xué)讀書,住的宿舍樓有很多間房間,你的朋友要來找你。select版宿管大媽就會帶著你的朋友挨個房間去找,直到找到你為止。而epoll版 宿管大媽會先記下每位同學(xué)的房間號,你的朋友來時,只需告訴你的朋友你住在哪個房間即可,不用親自帶著你的朋友滿大樓找人。如果來了10000個人,都要 找自己住這棟樓的同學(xué)時,select版和epoll版宿管大媽,誰的效率更高,不言自明。同理,在高并發(fā)服務(wù)器中,輪詢I/O是最耗時間的操作之 一,select和epoll的性能誰的性能更高,同樣十分明了。 安裝步驟: (系統(tǒng)要求:Linux 2.6+ 內(nèi)核,本文中的Linux操作系統(tǒng)為CentOS 5.3,另在RedHat AS4上也安裝成功) sudo -s
LANG=C yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers 2、【適用RedHat操作系統(tǒng)】RedHat等其他Linux發(fā)行版可從安裝光盤中找到這些程序庫的RPM包(事先可通過類似“rpm -qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在,通常是“xxx-devel”不存在,需要安裝)。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包 安裝,以下是RPM包下載網(wǎng)址: ?、?、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4 http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/ ②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5 http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/ http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/ ③、RPM包搜索網(wǎng)站 http://rpm./ http://www./ ?、堋edHat AS4 系統(tǒng)環(huán)境,通常情況下缺少的支持包安裝: ?、?、i386 系統(tǒng) wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm ?、?、x86_64 系統(tǒng) wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm 3、【適用CentOS、RedHat及其它Linux操作系統(tǒng)】下載程序源碼包: 本文中提到的所有開源軟件為截止到2009年06月26日的最新穩(wěn)定版。 ?、?、從軟件的官方網(wǎng)站下載: mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software wget http:///nginx/nginx-0.7.61.tar.gz wget http://www./get/php-5.2.10.tar.gz/from/this/mirror wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gz wget http://dev./get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.35.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.he.net/ wget http://ftp./pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz wget "http://downloads./mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0" wget "http://downloads./mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0" wget http://pecl./get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz wget "http://downloads./mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0" wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.9.tar.gz wget http://bart./source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2 wget http://pecl./get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz wget http://pecl./get/imagick-2.2.2.tgz ?、?、從blog.下載(比較穩(wěn)定,只允許在本站,或者在Linux/Unix下通過Wget、Curl等命令下載以下軟件): mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.7.61.tar.gz wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.10.tar.gz wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gz wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.1.35.tar.gz wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-7.9.tar.gz wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2 wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz wget http://blog./soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.2.2.tgz 二、安裝PHP 5.2.10(FastCGI模式) 1、編譯安裝PHP 5.2.10所需的支持庫: tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local make make install cd ../ tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/ ./configure make make install /sbin/ldconfig cd libltdl/ ./configure --enable-ltdl-install make make install cd ../../ tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz cd mhash-0.9.9.9/ ./configure make make install cd ../ ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz cd mcrypt-2.6.8/ /sbin/ldconfig ./configure make make install cd ../ 2、編譯安裝MySQL 5.1.35 /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql tar zxvf mysql-5.1.35.tar.gz cd mysql-5.1.35/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobase make && make install chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql cd ../ 附:以下為附加步驟,如果你想在這臺服務(wù)器上運行MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫,則執(zhí)行以下兩步。如果你只是希望讓PHP支持MySQL擴(kuò)展庫,能夠連接其他服務(wù)器上的MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫,那么,以下兩步無需執(zhí)行。 ?、佟?chuàng)建MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫存放目錄 mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/ ?、?、以mysql用戶賬號的身份建立數(shù)據(jù)表: /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db
--basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data
--user=mysql
③、創(chuàng)建my.cnf配置文件: vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf
輸入以下內(nèi)容: 引用
[client]
default-character-set = utf8 port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysql] prompt="(\u:blog.:)[\d]> " no-auto-rehash [mysqld] #default-character-set = utf8 user = mysql port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data open_files_limit = 10240 back_log = 600 max_connections = 3000 max_connect_errors = 6000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet = 32M sort_buffer_size = 2M join_buffer_size = 2M thread_cache_size = 300 thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 32M query_cache_limit = 2M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k default-storage-engine = MyISAM default_table_type = MyISAM thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 246M max_heap_table_size = 246M long_query_time = 1 log_long_format log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog binlog_cache_size = 4M binlog_format = MIXED max_binlog_cache_size = 8M max_binlog_size = 512M expire_logs_days = 7 key_buffer_size = 256M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover skip-name-resolve master-connect-retry = 10 slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396 server-id = 1 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 128M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 0 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 32M ?、?、創(chuàng)建管理MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫的shell腳本: vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
輸入以下內(nèi)容(這里的用戶名admin和密碼12345678接下來的步驟會創(chuàng)建):
⑤、賦予shell腳本可執(zhí)行權(quán)限: chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
?、?、啟動MySQL: /data0/mysql/3306/mysql start
?、?、通過命令行登錄管理MySQL服務(wù)器(提示輸入密碼時直接回車): /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
⑧、輸入以下SQL語句,創(chuàng)建一個具有root權(quán)限的用戶(admin)和密碼(12345678): GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678'; ?、?、(可選)停止MySQL: /data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop
3、編譯安裝PHP(FastCGI模式) tar zxvf php-5.2.10.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.10 -p1 cd php-5.2.10/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv' make install cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini cd ../ 4、編譯安裝PHP5擴(kuò)展模塊 tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../ tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2 cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../ tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql make make install cd ../ tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/ ./configure make make install cd ../ tar zxvf imagick-2.2.2.tgz cd imagick-2.2.2/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../ 5、修改php.ini文件 手工修改:查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./" 修改為extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/" 并在此行后增加以下幾行,然后保存: extension = "memcache.so" extension = "pdo_mysql.so" extension = "imagick.so" 再查找output_buffering = Off 修改為output_buffering = On 自動修改:若嫌手工修改麻煩,可執(zhí)行以下shell命令,自動完成對php.ini文件的修改: sed
-i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir =
"/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension
= "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension =
"imagick.so"\n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini 6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP: mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini 按shift+g鍵跳到配置文件的最末尾,加上以下配置信息: 引用
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so" eaccelerator.shm_size="64" eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache" eaccelerator.enable="1" eaccelerator.optimizer="1" eaccelerator.check_mtime="1" eaccelerator.debug="0" eaccelerator.filter="" eaccelerator.shm_max="0" eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600" eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600" eaccelerator.shm_only="0" eaccelerator.compress="1" eaccelerator.compress_level="9" 7、創(chuàng)建www用戶和組,以及供blog.和www.兩個虛擬主機(jī)使用的目錄: /usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www 8、創(chuàng)建php-fpm配置文件(php-fpm是為PHP打的一個FastCGI管理補(bǔ)丁,可以平滑變更php.ini配置而無需重啟php-cgi): 在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目錄中創(chuàng)建php-fpm.conf文件: rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf 輸入以下內(nèi)容(如果您安裝 Nginx + PHP 用于程序調(diào)試,請將以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改為<value name="display_errors">1</value>,以便顯示PHP錯誤信息,否則,Nginx 會報狀態(tài)為500的空白錯誤頁):
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start 注:/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm還有其他參數(shù),包 括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini后不重啟php-cgi,重新加載配置文件 使用reload。 三、安裝Nginx 0.7.61 1、安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫: tar zxvf pcre-7.9.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.9/ ./configure make && make install cd ../ 2、安裝Nginx tar zxvf nginx-0.7.61.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.61/ ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module make && make install cd ../ 3、創(chuàng)建Nginx日志目錄 mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs chown -R www:www /data1/logs 4、創(chuàng)建Nginx配置文件 ?、?、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目錄中創(chuàng)建nginx.conf文件: rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 輸入以下內(nèi)容: 引用
user www www;
worker_processes 8; error_log /data1/logs/nginx_error.log crit; pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid; #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; events { use epoll; worker_connections 51200; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #charset gb2312; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 8m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 60; tcp_nodelay on; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; #limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m; server { listen 80; server_name blog.; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /data0/htdocs/blog; #limit_conn crawler 20; location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; } location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ { expires 30d; } location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ { expires 1h; } log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; access_log /data1/logs/access.log access; } server { listen 80; server_name www.; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /data0/htdocs/www; location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; } log_format wwwlogs '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; access_log /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs; } server { listen 80; server_name status.blog.; location / { stub_status on; access_log off; } } } ?、?、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目錄中創(chuàng)建fcgi.conf文件: vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
輸入以下內(nèi)容: 引用
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200; 5、啟動Nginx ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx 四、配置開機(jī)自動啟動Nginx + PHP vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下內(nèi)容: 引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx 五、優(yōu)化Linux內(nèi)核參數(shù) vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下內(nèi)容: 引用
# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768 net.core.somaxconn = 32768 net.core.wmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 #net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800 #net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30 #net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535 使配置立即生效: /sbin/sysctl -p
六、在不停止Nginx服務(wù)的情況下平滑變更Nginx配置 1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后,請執(zhí)行以下命令檢查配置文件是否正確: /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕顯示以下兩行信息,說明配置文件正確: the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully 2、這時,輸入以下命令查看Nginx主進(jìn)程號: ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
屏幕顯示的即為Nginx主進(jìn)程號,例如: 6302 這時,執(zhí)行以下命令即可使修改過的Nginx配置文件生效: kill -HUP 6302
或者無需這么麻煩,找到Nginx的Pid文件: kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
七、編寫每天定時切割Nginx日志的腳本 1、創(chuàng)建腳本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
輸入以下內(nèi)容: 引用
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00 # The Nginx logs path logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/" mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/ mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid` 2、設(shè)置crontab,每天凌晨00:00切割nginx訪問日志 crontab -e
輸入以下內(nèi)容: 引用
00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
本文若有小的修改,會第一時間在以下網(wǎng)址發(fā)布: http://blog./nginx_php_v5/ 附:文章修改歷史 ● [2009年05月06日] [Version 5.0] 在4.14版本的基礎(chǔ)上重新撰寫本文,支持PHP 5.2.9,增加MySQL配置過程 ● [2009年05月10日] [Version 5.1] 增加壓力測試方法。 ● [2009年05月20日] [Version 5.2] Nginx升級到0.7.58版本;PHP編譯選項增加:--with-xmlrpc --enable-zip。 ● [2009年06月10日] [Version 5.3] Nginx升級到0.7.59版本;MySQL升級到5.1.35版本。 ● [2009年06月26日] [Version 5.4] Nginx升級到0.7.61版本;PHP升級到5.2.10版本;PCRE升級到7.9版本;PHP增加soap擴(kuò)展;關(guān)閉了PHP的PEAR;優(yōu)化sysctl配置。 (全文完) |
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