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        In a peer review, co-workers of a person who created a software work product examine that product to identify defects and correct shortcomings. A review:
        在同行評(píng)審中，由軟件工作產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)建者的同行們檢查該工作產(chǎn)品，識(shí)別產(chǎn)品的缺陷，改進(jìn)產(chǎn)品的不足。評(píng)審：
        · verifies whether the work product correctly satisfies the specifications found in any predecessor work product, such as requirements or design documents
        · 檢驗(yàn)工作產(chǎn)品是否正確的滿足了以往的工作產(chǎn)品中建立的規(guī)范，如需求或設(shè)計(jì)文檔
        · identifies any deviation from standards, including issues that may affect maintainability of the software
        · 識(shí)別工作產(chǎn)品相對(duì)于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的偏差，包括可能影響軟件可維護(hù)性的問題
        · suggests improvement opportunities to the author
        · 向創(chuàng)建者提出改進(jìn)建議
        · promotes the exchange of techniques and education of the participants.
        · 促進(jìn)參與者之間的技術(shù)交流和學(xué)習(xí)
        All interim and final development work products are candidates for review, including:
        所有中間和最終的開發(fā)工作產(chǎn)品都可以進(jìn)行評(píng)審，包括：
        · requirements specifications
        · 需求規(guī)格說明書
        · user interface specifications and designs
        · 用戶界面規(guī)范及設(shè)計(jì)
        · architecture, high-level design, and detailed designs and models
        · 架構(gòu)，概要設(shè)計(jì)，詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)及模型
        · source code
        · 源代碼
        · test plans, designs, cases, and procedures
        · 測試計(jì)劃，設(shè)計(jì)，用例及步驟
        · software development plans, including project management plan, configuration management plan, and quality assurance plan
        · 軟件開發(fā)計(jì)劃，包括項(xiàng)目管理計(jì)劃，配置管理計(jì)劃和質(zhì)量保證計(jì)劃
        This document defines an overall peer review process. It includes procedures for conducting inspections and two types of informal peer review, a walkthrough and a passaround, as well as guidance for selecting the appropriate approach for each review.
        該文檔定義了一個(gè)全面的同行評(píng)審過程。包括了執(zhí)行評(píng)審的步驟和兩種非正式的同行評(píng)審，走查和輪查，以及對(duì)每個(gè)評(píng)審選擇適當(dāng)方法的指南。
        2. Work Aids（工作輔助項(xiàng)）
        The following peer review work aids are available from :
<場所>中，需要有如下的同行評(píng)審工作輔助項(xiàng)：
        · Inspection Summary Report
        · 評(píng)審總結(jié)報(bào)告
        · Issue Log
        · 問題日志
        · Typo List
        · 微錯(cuò)清單
        · Inspection Moderator’s Checklist
        · 評(píng)審負(fù)責(zé)人的檢查表
        · Inspection Lessons Learned Questionnaire
        · 評(píng)審經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)問卷
        · defect checklists for several types of software work products
        · 各種軟件工作產(chǎn)品的缺陷檢查表
        3. Risk Assessment Guidance（風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估指南）
        To judge which software components (or portions of components) to review and what type of review method to use, consider the following risk criteria:
在判斷哪些軟件組件（或組件的部分）需要評(píng)審及使用哪種評(píng)審方法的時(shí)候，需要考慮如下的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)條件：
        · components that use new technology, techniques, or tools
        · 使用了新技術(shù)，方法，工具的組件
        · key architectural components
        · 關(guān)鍵的架構(gòu)性的組件
        · complex logic or algorithms that are difficult to understand but must be accurate and optimized
        · 難以理解，卻又必須準(zhǔn)確和優(yōu)化的復(fù)雜邏輯或算法
        · mission-, security-, or safety-critical components with dangerous failure modes
        · 具有危險(xiǎn)失敗模式的組件，而且是任務(wù)、可靠性、安全性關(guān)鍵的
        · components having many exception conditions or failure modes
        · 具有多個(gè)異常條件或失敗模式的組件
        · exception handling code that cannot easily be tested
        · 不易測試的異常處理代碼
        · components that are intended to be reused
        · 打算復(fù)用的組件
        · components that will serve as models or templates for other components
        · 將作為其他組件的模型或模板的組件
        · components that affect multiple portions of the product
        · 影響產(chǎn)品多個(gè)部分的組件
        · complex user interfaces
        · 復(fù)雜的用戶界面
        · components created by less experienced developers
        · 由缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)的開發(fā)者創(chuàng)建的組件
        · code modules having high cyclomatic complexity
        · 具有高度圈復(fù)雜性的代碼模塊
        · modules having a history of many defects or changes
        · 以往具有很多缺陷或變更的模塊
        Work products that fit in one or more of these categories are considered high risk. A product is considered low risk if an undetected error will not significant affect the project’s ability to meet its schedule, quality, cost, and feature objectives. Use inspections for high-risk work products, or the high-risk portions of large products, and for major work products that are about to be baselined. Less formal reviews are acceptable for other work products
        符合這些條件中一種或幾種的工作產(chǎn)品被認(rèn)為是高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的。如果未發(fā)現(xiàn)的缺陷對(duì)項(xiàng)目達(dá)成進(jìn)度，質(zhì)量，成本及特征目標(biāo)的能力沒有重大影響，則該工作產(chǎn)品被認(rèn)為是低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的。評(píng)審只用于高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的工作產(chǎn)品或大產(chǎn)品的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)部分或?qū)⒁换€化的主要工作產(chǎn)品。對(duì)其他的工作產(chǎn)品可以進(jìn)行不太正式的評(píng)審。
        4. Participants（參與者）
        Table 1 suggests project roles who might review different work products. Not all of these perspectives need to be represented. In general, a work product should be reviewed by:
        表1列出了評(píng)審不同工作產(chǎn)品的項(xiàng)目角色。不是所有這些角度都必須表現(xiàn)出來。通常，一項(xiàng)工作產(chǎn)品的評(píng)審需要有：
        · the author of any predecessor document or specification
        · 以往的文檔或規(guī)范的創(chuàng)建者
        · someone who must base their subsequent work on the work product
        · 以該工作產(chǎn)品為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行后續(xù)工作的人。
        · peers of the author
        · 創(chuàng)建者的同行們
        · anyone responsible for a component to which the work product interfaces
        · 使用該工作產(chǎn)品接口的組件的負(fù)責(zé)人
        Attendance by anyone with supervisory authority over the author is by invitation of the author only.
        對(duì)工作產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)建者具有監(jiān)督權(quán)力的人只能在創(chuàng)建者的邀請(qǐng)下參加評(píng)審。
        Table 1. Review Participants for Different Types of Work Products.
        表1. 各類工作產(chǎn)品的參評(píng)人

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同行評(píng)審過程描述（一）——概述