Data Access Application Block提供了通用的數據訪問的功能,隨著2.0版本的推出有了很大變化。 一.改進 在DAAB1.1里面我們知道Database方法返回或者創(chuàng)建一個DBCommandWrapper對象,而在DAAB2.0里面移除了DBCommandWrapper類,用ADO.NET2.0里面的DBCommand類代替實現類似的功能,這樣使得DAAB跟我們的.NET類庫的結合更加緊密,回憶一下我們在1.1里面用DBCommandWrapper來訪問數據時的代碼: Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
DBCommandWrapper dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommandWrapper("GetProductsByCategory"); dbCommand.AddInParameter("CategoryID", DbType.Int32, Category); DataSet productDataSet = db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand); 而用了新的DBCommand類之后則變成了: Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("GetProductsByCategory"); db.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "CategoryID", DbType.Int32, Category); DataSet productDataSet = db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand); 數據庫連接字符串在我們基于數據庫的開發(fā)永遠是少不了的,但是在DAAB1.1下,它所使用的字符串跟我們在.NET類庫中使用的連接字符串卻是不能共享的,它們分別保存在不同的位置。而在2.0的Data Access Application Block使用了ADO.NET2.0里面<connectionStrings>配置區(qū),這樣帶來的一個好處是連接字符串可以在Application Block和自定義的.NET類之間共享使用該配置區(qū),如: <connectionStrings>
<add name="DataAccessQuickStart" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" connectionString="server=(local)\SQLEXPRESS;database=EntLibQuickStarts;Integrated Security=true" /> </connectionStrings> 在.NET2.0下,泛型編程已經成為了一個核心,而2.0版的DAAB中也新增了一個GenericDatabase對象。DAAB中雖然已經包含了SqlDatabase和OrcaleDatabase,但是如果我們需要使用其他的像DB2等數據庫時,就需要用到GenericDatabase,它可以用于任何.NET類庫中的數據提供者,包括OdbcProvider和OleDbProvider。 二.使用示例 DAAB2.0的配置非常簡單,主要有以下幾方面的配置: 配置連接字符串 配置默認數據庫 添加相關的命名空間: using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Data;
using System.Data; 使用Data Access Application Block進行數據的讀取和操作,一般分為三步: 1.創(chuàng)建Database對象 2.提供命令參數,如果需要的話 3.執(zhí)行命令 下面分別看一下DataAccessQuickStart中提供的一些例子: 執(zhí)行靜態(tài)的SQL語句 public string GetCustomerList()
{ // 創(chuàng)建Database對象 Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); // 使用SQL語句創(chuàng)建DbCommand對象 string sqlCommand = "Select CustomerID, Name, Address, City, Country, PostalCode " + "From Customers"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand); StringBuilder readerData = new StringBuilder(); // 調用ExecuteReader方法 using (IDataReader dataReader = db.ExecuteReader(dbCommand)) { while (dataReader.Read()) { // Get the value of the ‘Name‘ column in the DataReader readerData.Append(dataReader["Name"]); readerData.Append(Environment.NewLine); } } return readerData.ToString(); } 執(zhí)行存儲過程并傳遞參數,返回DataSet public DataSet GetProductsInCategory(int Category)
{ // Create the Database object, using the default database service. The // default database service is determined through configuration. Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); string sqlCommand = "GetProductsByCategory"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand); // Retrieve products from the specified category. db.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "CategoryID", DbType.Int32, Category); // DataSet that will hold the returned results DataSet productsDataSet = null; productsDataSet = db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand); // Note: connection was closed by ExecuteDataSet method call return productsDataSet; } 利用DataSet更新數據 public int UpdateProducts()
{ // Create the Database object, using the default database service. The // default database service is determined through configuration. Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); DataSet productsDataSet = new DataSet(); string sqlCommand = "Select ProductID, ProductName, CategoryID, UnitPrice, LastUpdate " + "From Products"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand); string productsTable = "Products"; // Retrieve the initial data db.LoadDataSet(dbCommand, productsDataSet, productsTable); // Get the table that will be modified DataTable table = productsDataSet.Tables[productsTable]; // Add a new product to existing DataSet DataRow addedRow = table.Rows.Add(new object[] {DBNull.Value, "New product", 11, 25}); // Modify an existing product table.Rows[0]["ProductName"] = "Modified product"; // Establish our Insert, Delete, and Update commands DbCommand insertCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("AddProduct"); db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, "ProductName", DataRowVersion.Current); db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "CategoryID", DbType.Int32, "CategoryID", DataRowVersion.Current); db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "UnitPrice", DbType.Currency, "UnitPrice", DataRowVersion.Current); DbCommand deleteCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("DeleteProduct"); db.AddInParameter(deleteCommand, "ProductID", DbType.Int32, "ProductID", DataRowVersion.Current); DbCommand updateCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("UpdateProduct"); db.AddInParameter(updateCommand, "ProductID", DbType.Int32, "ProductID", DataRowVersion.Current); db.AddInParameter(updateCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, "ProductName", DataRowVersion.Current); db.AddInParameter(updateCommand, "LastUpdate", DbType.DateTime, "LastUpdate", DataRowVersion.Current); // Submit the DataSet, capturing the number of rows that were affected int rowsAffected = db.UpdateDataSet(productsDataSet, "Products", insertCommand, updateCommand, deleteCommand, UpdateBehavior.Standard); return rowsAffected; } 通過ID獲取記錄詳細信息 public string GetProductDetails(int productID)
{ // Create the Database object, using the default database service. The // default database service is determined through configuration. Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); string sqlCommand = "GetProductDetails"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand); // Add paramters // Input parameters can specify the input value db.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "ProductID", DbType.Int32, productID); // Output parameters specify the size of the return data db.AddOutParameter(dbCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, 50); db.AddOutParameter(dbCommand, "UnitPrice", DbType.Currency, 8); db.ExecuteNonQuery(dbCommand); // Row of data is captured via output parameters string results = string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, "{0}, {1}, {2:C} ", db.GetParameterValue(dbCommand, "ProductID"), db.GetParameterValue(dbCommand, "ProductName"), db.GetParameterValue(dbCommand, "UnitPrice")); return results; } 以XML格式返回數據 public string GetProductList()
{ // Use a named database instance that refers to a SQL Server database. SqlDatabase dbSQL = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase() as SqlDatabase; // Use "FOR XML AUTO" to have SQL return XML data string sqlCommand = "Select ProductID, ProductName, CategoryID, UnitPrice, LastUpdate " + "From Products FOR XML AUTO"; DbCommand dbCommand = dbSQL.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand); XmlReader productsReader = null; StringBuilder productList = new StringBuilder(); try { productsReader = dbSQL.ExecuteXmlReader(dbCommand); // Iterate through the XmlReader and put the data into our results. while (!productsReader.EOF) { if (productsReader.IsStartElement()) { productList.Append(productsReader.ReadOuterXml()); productList.Append(Environment.NewLine); } } } finally { // Close the Reader. if (productsReader != null) { productsReader.Close(); } // Explicitly close the connection. The connection is not closed // when the XmlReader is closed. if (dbCommand.Connection != null) { dbCommand.Connection.Close(); } } return productList.ToString(); } 使用事務 public bool Transfer(int transactionAmount, int sourceAccount, int destinationAccount)
{ bool result = false; // Create the Database object, using the default database service. The // default database service is determined through configuration. Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase(); // Two operations, one to credit an account, and one to debit another // account. string sqlCommand = "CreditAccount"; DbCommand creditCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand); db.AddInParameter(creditCommand, "AccountID", DbType.Int32, sourceAccount); db.AddInParameter(creditCommand, "Amount", DbType.Int32, transactionAmount); sqlCommand = "DebitAccount"; DbCommand debitCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand); db.AddInParameter(debitCommand, "AccountID", DbType.Int32, destinationAccount); db.AddInParameter(debitCommand, "Amount", DbType.Int32, transactionAmount); using (DbConnection connection = db.CreateConnection()) { connection.Open(); DbTransaction transaction = connection.BeginTransaction(); try { // Credit the first account db.ExecuteNonQuery(creditCommand, transaction); // Debit the second account db.ExecuteNonQuery(debitCommand, transaction); // Commit the transaction transaction.Commit(); result = true; } catch { // Rollback transaction transaction.Rollback(); } connection.Close(); return result; } } 三.常見功能 1.創(chuàng)建Database對象 創(chuàng)建一個默認的Database對象 Database dbSvc = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
默認的數據庫在配置文件中: <dataConfiguration defaultDatabase="DataAccessQuickStart" />
創(chuàng)建一個實例Database對象 // Use a named database instance that refers to an arbitrary database type,
// which is determined by configuration information. Database myDb = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase("DataAccessQuickStart"); 創(chuàng)建一個具體的類型的數據庫對象 // Create a SQL database.
SqlDatabase dbSQL = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase("DataAccessQuickStart") as SqlDatabase; 2.創(chuàng)建DbCommand對象 靜態(tài)的SQL語句創(chuàng)建一個DbCommand Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
string sqlCommand = "Select CustomerID, LastName, FirstName From Customers"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand); 存儲過程創(chuàng)建一個DbCommand Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("GetProductsByCategory"); 3.管理對象 當連接對象打開后,不需要再次連接 Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
string sqlCommand = "Select ProductID, ProductName From Products"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand); // No need to open the connection; just make the call. DataSet customerDataSet = db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand); 使用Using及早釋放對象 Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand("Select Name, Address From Customers"); using (IDataReader dataReader = db.ExecuteReader(dbCommand)) { // Process results } 4.參數處理 Database類提供了如下的方法,用于參數的處理: AddParameter. 傳遞參數給存儲過程 使用示例如下: Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
string sqlCommand = "GetProductDetails"; DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand); db.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "ProductID", DbType.Int32, 5); db.AddOutParameter(dbCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, 50); db.AddOutParameter(dbCommand, "UnitPrice", DbType.Currency, 8); Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
DbCommand insertCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("AddProduct"); db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, "ProductName", DataRowVersion.Current); db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "CategoryID", DbType.Int32, "CategoryID", DataRowVersion.Current); db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "UnitPrice", DbType.Currency, "UnitPrice", DataRowVersion.Current); 四.使用場景 DAAB2.0是對ADO.NET2.0的補充,它允許你使用相同的數據訪問代碼來支持不同的數據庫,您通過改變配置文件就在不同的數據庫之間切換。目前雖然只提供SQLServer和Oracle的支持,但是可以通過GenericDatabase和ADO.NET 2.0下的DbProviderFactory對象來增加對其他數據庫的支持。如果想要編寫出來的數據庫訪問程序具有更好的移植性,則DAAB2.0是一個不錯的選擇,但是如果您想要針對特定數據庫的特性進行編程,就要用ADO.NET了。 參考:Enterprise Libaray –January 2006幫助文檔及QuickStart |
|